In 1741 a Puritan preacher, Jonathan Edwards, delivered a sermon to a congregation in Enfield, Connecticut. He moved many people and helped them to become saved and trust in Jesus Christ. In “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, - which is the name of the sermon by Jonathan Edwards- the author uses each rhetorical appeal to connect with his congregation. The whole purpose of Edwards’ sermon was to try and get all the unsaved men in his congregation to trust in Jesus Christ as their savior and be converted. He was a very persuasive man who successfully reached out to his congregation by digging down deep and coming in contact with many people’s personal lives and making them think long and hard about why they are lucky enough to wake up every morning. In his sermon, Jonathan Edwards uses the three rhetorical appeals- ethical, emotional, and logical- to reach out to his congregation and try and help them to see why they should trust in Jesus Christ.
First, Edwards uses ethical appeals to really explain in detail what the unconverted people’s lives will be like in the future. For instance, the author states, “. . . it is nothing but his mere pleasure that
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keeps you from being this moment swallowed up in everlasting destruction. . .” (Edwards 42). In that very sentence, Edwards is letting his congregation know that at any given moment God can cast you down to hell where you will spend all eternity. He is saying that God controls your life and he determines whether you wake up in the morning or not. Another example is when the author says, “You will know certainly that you must wear out long ages, millions of millions of ages, in wrestling and conflict with this almighty merciless vengeance. . .” (Edwards 43). Edwards is saying that if you do not trust in Jesus Christ as your savior then you will live in misery in hell for millions and millions of years. According to the National Math and Science Initiative (NMSI), Edwards uses ethical appeals throughout his sermon because in his congregations eyes he is a credible and trustworthy person, therefore of course they will all trust in what he is saying (“Using” 13). Secondly, the appeal that Jonathan Edwards uses the most is emotional appeals. To begin with, “The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insects over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked his wrath towards you burns like fire. . .” (Edwards 42). This very quote tells his audience once again that God is in control of your life. He is the one holding you up and at any minute he could cast you down to hell. He is saying that God controls whether or not you stay alive or die. Another example is when Edwards constantly mentions the “. . . flames of hell…” (Edwards 41). He is telling them that if they do not trust in Jesus Christ than that is where they will spend all eternity- burning in the flames of hell. According to the NMSI handout, Edwards uses emotional appeals due to his use of diction, figurative language, and imagery throughout his whole sermon (“Using” 13). He uses emotional appeals to really connect to his congregation and scare them by letting them know what is awaiting them at death if they do not trust in Jesus Christ as their savior. Lastly, Jonathan Edwards uses logical appeals to persuade his audience, “. . . God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth… than he is with many of those who are now in the flames of hell” (Edwards 40-41) is one very great statistic that he uses in his sermon. Edwards is saying that God is angrier with the men on Earth than he is with the men who are now in hell because the men on Earth continue to reject him every day. Also, Edwards states “. . . there is no other reason to be given, why you arose in the morning, but that God’s hands have held you up” (Edwards 42). Edwards challenges his audience when he says this. He is basically asking them why not trust in Jesus Christ when he has given you so many chances and when you have rejected him every day before? Edwards uses logical appeals throughout his sermon according to the NMSI handout by using facts and making the audience think (“Using” 13). He uses words and phrases that make his audience really question themselves about their trust in Jesus Christ. Jonathan Edwards uses the three rhetorical appeals throughout his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.” He uses ethical, emotional, and logical appeals to connect to his audience.
He uses emotional appeal the most because it is easier to connect to people through their emotions. Jonathan Edwards, in my personal opinion, used all the rhetorical appeals and successfully delivered a moving sermon. After his sermon there where many people converted and who had trust in Jesus Christ as their savior. Edwards’s sermon had a dramatic effect on his listeners. Many people believe that it was all due to his fiery descriptions of hell and eternal damnation. In the background of the sermon it stated “Edwards believed that religion should be rooted not only in reason but also in emotion” (Interactive Reader
40).
Often people are not what they seem. According to Roald Dahl, in “Lamb to the Slaughter,” “But there needn’t really be any fuss. I hope not anyway. It wouldn’t be very good for my job.” When in public Patrick Maloney was the doting husband, but when the doors hid outside eyes Patrick revealed his true feelings. He wanted a divorce. He wanted to ruin his wife and soon-to-be child, but without anyone knowing. Thought the passage, the tone is revealed as condescending. The way Mr. Maloney talks to his wife is as though she is a small and unknowing child.
Jonathan Edwards creates a more effective argument for the intended audience in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” than “The Speech in the Virginia Convention” written by Patrick Henry, by utilizing various techniques. Patrick Henry makes a strong argument however in the end, Edwards’ sermon grows to be more effective. Edwards creates the argument by strengthening the writing through tone, structure, fallacies and knowledge of the congregation that became his audience. Henry’s piece uses methods of oratory persuasion but the actual topic of “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” has an advantage from the start by appealing to fear, a fallacy of logic. Even with the strong basis “The Speech in the Virginia Convention” by Patrick Henry, Edwards’ “Sinners in the hands of an Angry God” proves the more effective piece in the end.
On September 11, 1998, former president Bill Clinton delivered the infamously self-proclaimed speech entitled “I Have Sinned.” In an attempt to convert the public suspicion and hatred back to trust and loyalty, Clinton finally confessed to the inappropriate relations with Monica Lewinsky. By deeply expressing his sorrow through his foreboding and apologetic tone, Clinton constructs various examples of ethos, uses stiff body language and blank facial expressions, direct eye contact, and crafts the majority of his speech on short and choppy sentences. The overall purpose of this speech was for Clinton to ultimately express his remorse for the regretful acts he committed, and also to ensure the American people that he will remain trustworthy throughout
In the sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards, he preached about a stricter Calvinist theology of Puritanism. Edwards delivered it at the Massachusetts congregation on July 8, 1741. He blatantly uses rhetorical strategies to instill fear into his audience if they are to continue to not be active Puritans in religion. Edwards uses polysyndeton, harsh diction and tone, and the appeal to emotion along with the use of semicolons to develop his message.
In the 1700’s the Puritans left England for the fear of being persecuted. They moved to America for religious freedom. The Puritans lived from God’s laws. They did not depend as much on material things, and they had a simpler and conservative life. More than a hundred years later, the Puritan’s belief toward their church started to fade away. Some Puritans were not able to recognize their religion any longer, they felt that their congregations had grown too self-satisfied. They left their congregations, and their devotion to God gradually faded away. To rekindle the fervor that the early Puritans had, Jonathan Edwards and other Puritan ministers led a religious revival through New England. Edwards preached intense sermons that awakened his congregation to an awareness of their sins. With Edwards’ sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” he persuades the Puritans to convert back to Puritanism, by utilizing rhetorical strategies such as, imagery, loaded diction, and a threatening and fearful tone.
Zora Hurston's novel “their eyes are watching God” portrays the ideas of social norm through colloquial diction, connotative diction, and isolation syntax.
A good author writes with a specific purpose. Many of them are very opinionated and controversial, calling out certain groups of people, or presenting readers with seemingly outlandish ideas. George Orwell says that he writes “to push the world in a certain direction, to alter other people’s idea of the kind of society that they should strive after.” His purpose is to persuade his readers to better themselves as well as society based on what he deems the correct approach. Erik Larson wrote “The Devil in the White City” to shine light on the infamous Gilded Age of America and the stark contrast, yet inevitable relatedness, of pride and evil. The book follows the story or architect Daniel Burnham as he works on the World’s Columbian Exposition,
Each person, whether they realize it or not, has been shaped by their relationships with others. The effects that piers or family members can have on someone are limitless and often times profound. In many instances, people do not even know that they are being influenced by others. Even if it is in the most subtle manner, all characters in novels are directly influenced by other figures. Authors use rhetorical strategies to demonstrate the different ways in which relationships affect and shape character’s identities.
I chose this word because the tone of the first chapter seems rather dark. We hear stories of the hopes with which the Puritans arrived in the new world; however, these hopes quickly turned dark because the Purtains found that the first buildings they needed to create were a prison, which alludes to the sins they committed; and a cemetery, which contradicts the new life they hoped to create for themselves.
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Rhetorical Analysis “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards uses imagery and symbolism to persuade the audience to become more devout Christians by channeling fear and emphasizing religious values. Jonathan Edwards was a Puritan minister who preached during the time of the Great Awakening in America. During this period of religious revival, Edwards wanted people to return to the devout ways of the early Puritans in America. The spirit of the revival led Edwards to believe that sinners would enter hell. Edwards’ sermon was primarily addressed to sinners for the purpose of alerting them about their sins and inspiring them to take action to become more devoted to God.
In 1741, Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan preacher of that time, had one thing on his mind: to convert sinners, on the road to hell, to salvation. It just so happened to be, that his way of doing that was to preach the reality to them and scare them to the point of conversion. Sermons of this time were preached to persuade people to be converted and to me it seemed that Edwards just had a special way of doing it. Just as people are being influenced by rhetoric appeals today Edwards used the same method on his congregation. In “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Jonathan Edwards positively affected his readers using pathos, logos, and ethos, while trying to convince the unconverted members of his sermon to be born again.
Others may say that Edwards’ speech was too short, and did not include enough detail to persuade anyone to change their lives. However, through Edwards’ great word choice and descriptive language, he was able to persuade many that the time to repent was right then. Many people today still read this speech and wonder if the choices they are making will save them from being destroyed by “God’s wrath”. Jonathan Edwards frightened many people into repentance, and, although he is gone, his words still haunt the minds of his readers
The damnation of Jonathan Edward’s sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God provoked the souls of Protestants like no other, but Gilbert Tennent’s message in The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry would send pastors in an uproar. Tennent was a New Light minister in New England who felt the only justification needed to preach God’s Word was His calling. He believed too many ministers were following in the steps of the Pharisee teachers and were not taking care of their flock. Tennent wrote his sermon to warn congregations about these false teachers and tell them to leave the church if their minister was not a converted minister.
The present year, by the Gregorian calendar, is ??? A.D. The book of Revelations in the Bible came to pass, and Jesus has established the Thousand-Year Kingdom. A mere 77 years after its founding, a small forest-covered town is preparing to celebrate Easter. A young pastor, Peter Ore, is searching for inspiration regarding the sermon he must compose. Peter seems about 20 years old, has clean brown hair, and has a quite impressive mustache. The facial hair covers his mouth entirely, yet he has gotten the hang of speaking through it. He practices the sermon, day in and day out. At some point, he spills hot coffee on his shirt.
Class notes. Man’s Desperate Need of Righteousness and God’s Glorious Provision of Righteousness. Faith Christian University. Orlando, Florida. August 2011.