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Prison reform research paper
Prison reform research paper
Prison reform research paper
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General Purpose: To inform my audience of the similarities and differences between the American prison system and the prison systems abroad.
Thesis: Comparing the policies and regulations in the American prison system to prison systems abroad to understand how their similarities and differences may contribute to the successes or failures of each system.
Introduction:
I. Attention Getter: There are varied opinions of what the purpose of a prison should be. For example, some people may think that a prison’s primary function is to punish criminals, some may believe that it is to protect society from dangerous people and others may think that it’s purpose is to help these troubled individuals transform into better people. Whatever one may
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Second, I will examine the various opportunities each prison system provides for their prisoners as a method for rehabilitation. C. Third, I will discuss recidivism-the likelihood of a past criminal to commit another crime in American prisons compared to that of international prisons.
Body:
I. Prison conditions include the health, safety and treatment of prisoners and is given more importance from country to country. A. American Prison System
Solitary confinement is more often used and for longer periods of time.
Many inmates do not receive the proper health care to treat their illnesses because of such large inmate populations.
“Among inmates with a persistent medical problem, 13.9% of federal inmates, 20.1% of state inmates, and 68.4% of local jail inmates had received no medical examination since incarceration” (Wilper, 2009, p.1). B. European Prison Systems
Corrections staff go through extensive training so that they can provide the best services for the prisoners.
Prisoners are unlikely to be put in solitary confinement, only in rare instances.
Prison guards knock before entering, prisoners can keep personal belongings, and they are free to decide their routine for the
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“Within five years of release, about three-quarters (76.6 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested”(National Institute of Justice, 2014)
B. Recidivism in Europe
The likelihood of an individual to commit a crime after release is lower than in the United States.
Scandinavian countries like Norway have recidivism rates of 20 percent (Deady,2014).
III. Conclusion
A. Review of Main Points: To put it all together, I compared prison conditions, opportunities provided to prisoners, and finally recidivism in the American prison system and the European prison system.
B. Restate Thesis: Comparing the policies and regulations in the American prison system to prison systems abroad to understand how their similarities and differences may contribute to the successes or failures of each system. C. Closure: Develop a creative closing that will give the speech a sense of ending. Refer back to your Attention Getter.
Now that I have provided you with a comparison of 2 prison systems that have strikingly different approaches to dealing with criminals, I’d like you to ask yourself, what do you believe the purpose of a prison should be? Punishment or Rehabilitation or maybe somewhere in the middle? do we need to reevaluate our current prison
Throughout his novel, Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire, author and professor Robert Perkinson outlines the three current dominant purposes of prison. The first, punishment, is the act of disciplining offenders in an effort to prevent them from recommitting a particular crime. Harsh punishment encourages prisoners to behave because many will not want to face the consequences of further incarceration. While the purpose of punishment is often denounced, many do agree that prison should continue to be used as a means of protecting law-abiding citizens from violent offenders. The isolation of inmates, prison’s second purpose, exists to protect the public. Rehabilitation is currently the third purpose of prison. Rehabilitation is considered successful when a prisoner does n...
For decades, prison has been signified as an unspeakably horrifying place for those who have done harm to our society. Nevertheless, in today 's society, shows like Wentworth, orange is the new black and prison break illustrate prison in an entertaining way. A way that is so detached from reality. However, in the article "Norway 's Ideal Prison," by Piers Hernu, he clearly reveals and gives us a vivid picture of what prison life is like in Bastoy, the home of Norway only prison. On the other hand, "The Prisoners Dilemma," by Stephan Chapman argues how in Islamic countries criminals are being cruelly handled and how flawed the American penal system is and needs to be adjusted. Even though there are many similarities in both articles on what
Ward, Katie A.; Longaker, Amy J; Williams, Jessica L.; Naylor, Amber; Ph.D, Chad A. Rose; Ph.D, Cynthia G. Simpson. ""Incarceration Within America and Nordic Prisons: Comparison of National and International Policies"." 2013. Clemson University. Web. 4 September 2013.
paragraph only more intensified and there are several factors in a prison setting that would result in the ...
Prisons have dated back to the twentieth century when the United States had almost two million people confined in prisons or jails. Prisons have been a form of government punishment that has shaped our nation to what it is today. The first jail was established in Philadelphia, in 1970. It was called the Walnut Street Jail and was recorded as the first use of imprisonment through solitary confinement. The basic principles of the new system were to reform those in prison, and to segregate those according to age, sex, and type of offenses charged against them (Schoenherr). The second prison was called Sing-Sing a...
Harris, H. (2017, March). The Prison Dilemma: Ending America's Incarceration Epidemic. Foreign Affairs, pp. 118-129.
The past two decades have engendered a very serious and historic shift in the utilization of confinement within the United States. In 1980, there were less than five hundred thousand people confined in the nation’s prisons and jails. Today we have approximately two million and the numbers are still elevating. We are spending over thirty five billion annually on corrections while many other regime accommodations for education, health
More are sentencing options are great because just like every person is different, so is the crime. Prison may not always be the most effective response for people, so If courts have options other than incarceration, “they can better tailor a cost-effective sentence that fits the offender and the crime, protects the public, and provides rehabilitation” (FAMM, 2011). Findings have also proven that alternative saves taxpayers money. “It costs over $28,000 to keep one person in federal prison for one year1 (some states’ prison costs are much higher). Alternatives to incarceration are cheaper, help prevent prison and jail overcrowding, and save taxpayers millions” (FAMM, 2011, para. 3). Lastly, alternatives protect the public by reducing crime. There is a 40% chance that all people leaving prison will go back within three years of their release (FAMM, 2011). “Alternatives to prison such as drug and mental health courts are proven to confront the underlying causes of crime (i.e., drug addiction and mental illness) and help prevent offenders from committing new crimes” (FAMM, 2011, para.
Every civilization in history has had rules, and citizens who break them. To this day governments struggle to figure out the best way to deal with their criminals in ways that help both society and those that commit the crimes. Imprisonment has historically been the popular solution. However, there are many instances in which people are sent to prison that would be better served for community service, rehab, or some other form of punishment. Prison affects more than just the prisoner; the families, friends, employers, and communities of the incarcerated also pay a price. Prison as a punishment has its pros and cons; although it may be necessary for some, it can be harmful for those who would be better suited for alternative means of punishment.
Firstly, in order to gain a better understanding of the problems that plague or correctional system we must fully understand the enormous overcrowding problem that exist in the majority of or state and federal prisons. Since 1980 the prison population has quadrupled and only the numb...
Introduction: Today in the U.S 68% of criminals are released from prison and are returning to crime free life. In the 1800’s only 5% of criminals were released. John Howard was the one who started prison reforms. He observed prisons which led him to write a book called The State of the Prisons in England. His book inspired a law that led to the construction of the first British prison designed partly for reform.
Prison was designed to house and isolate criminals away from the society in order for our society and the people within it to function without the fears of the outlaws. The purpose of prison is to deter and prevent people from committing a crime using the ideas of incarceration by taking away freedom and liberty from those individuals committed of crimes. Prisons in America are run either by the federal, states or even private contractors. There are many challenges and issues that our correctional system is facing today due to the nature of prisons being the place to house various types of criminals. In this paper, I will address and identify three major issues that I believe our correctional system is facing today using my own ideas along with the researches from three reputable outside academic sources.
In the 1970s and 1980s, a massive amount of inmates began fillin up the United States prison systems. This huge rate of growth in this short amount of time, has greatly contributed to the prison overcrowding that the United States faces today. In fact, the prisons are still filled to the seams. This enormous flood of inmates has made it practically impossible for prison officials to keep up with their facilities and supervise their inmates. One of the main reasons why many prisons have become overcrowded is because of states’ harsh criminal laws and parole practices (Cohen). “One in every 100 American adults is behind bars, the highest incarceration rate in the world” (Cohen). The amount of inmates in corrections systems, throughout the nation, sky-rocketed to 708 percent between 1972 and 2008. Today, there are about 145,000 inmates occupying areas only designed for 80,000 (Posner). Peter Mosko, “an assistant professor of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice at New York’s John Jay College of Criminal Justice” (Frazier) stated, “America, with 2.3 million people behind bars, has more prisoners than soldiers” (Frazier). There have been studies that have shown “there are more men and women in prison than ever before. The number of inmates grew by an average of 1,600 a week. The U. S. has the highest rate of crime in the world” (Clark). Because of this influx in inmates, many prisoners’ rights groups have filed lawsuits charging that “overcrowded prisons violate the Constitution’s 8th Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment” (Clark). It is clear that the United States corrections system needs to be reformed in order to eliminate this problem. Prison overcrowding is a serious issue in society due to the fact it affects prison ...
The corrections system has varied in many way throughout the years, and most people have mixed feelings about how it is being ran in today’s world. The system has changed over time all over the world, but it has also changed in different regions in the world. For example, some laws and regulations have been changed over the years that apply to the whole nation, while some laws and regulations only change in certain states. Not only do laws around the nation change, but the way prisons are ran in certain areas of the United States have changed over the years. Although laws and regulations of the correction systems change over time, the United States finds a way to enforce the law in the most efficient way possible all over the nation.
Verkaik, R. (2006) The Big Question: What are the alternatives to prison, and do they work? The Independent [online] 10 October. Available from: