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Revenge as a theme in literature
Revenge as a theme in literature
The difficulties of revenge in Hamlet
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Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is a tragic story of a protagonist seeking revenge that is unable to quickly carry out the actual act. Hamlet's delay in avenging the murder of his father, the King of Denmark, is the primary plot that has a theme of revenge. Additionally, the theme of revenge is also apparent in other instances because Hamlet is not the only one that has a desire to seek revenge. Laertes and Fortinbras are two other characters that also try to plot revenge against the killers of their fathers.
King Fortinbras is slain in the play's prelude battle by King Hamlet, the King of Norway. Prince Fortinbras, is similar to Hamlet in many ways: like Hamlet, Fortinbras is the first example in the play of a son that seeks revenge and
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it is motivated by the death of his father, whose name he also bears (as Hamlet does his), and both serve as princes of their respective countries. However while Hamlet is deliberate, calculating and slow to act out, the Norwegian prince is impulsive and hot-headed, and determined to avenge his slain father at any cost and sets to travel abroad to do so. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the play, Hamlet is devastated over his own father's death and is the second of the three characters that promises to take revenge after he learns that his uncle, Claudius, is responsible.
What makes matters worse is that Claudius marries Gertrude - Hamlet's mother, the King/Father's wife. Hamlet receives proof of Claudius' involvement when the ghost of his father visits him and says "The serpent that did sting the father's life now wears the crown." (Hamlet. Act 1, Scene 5, Pg.2). Now that Hamlet knows the truth and ordered to seek vengence by his father's ghost, he develops tremendous feelings of hatred and rage towards the uncle and begins to plan his murder. Even though Hamlet carries this weight of anger around with him and is seen by his peers and family as mad and crazy, he still manages to keep his wit and remains calm and patient in executing his plan. Unfortunately, the delay in his vengence did not come without additional tragedy as the story unfolds and other characters in the story end up perishing to include: his only love, Ophelia; the king's chief counselor, Polonius; his mother, Gertrude; and Opehlia's brother, …show more content…
Laertes. The third example of revenge in the play occurs when Hamlet tries to avenge his father's death.
While trying to execute his plan, Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius. Hamlet thinks it is Claudius talking to Gertrude behind the curtain, so he stabs the figure behind the curtain, but discovers it was Polonius. Once Laertes, learns of his father's death at the hands of Hamlet, he then desires to seek revenge on Hamlet. Hamlet appears crazier than ever due to his guilt and anger, and his lover becomes so saddened by the tragedies, that she commits suicide. Claudius then relies on Laertes and his extreme hatred for Hamlet. Due to the deaths of his father and his sister, Claudius coaxes Laertes into plotting Hamlet's death, and they plan a fencing match between Laertes and Hamlet to settle the fued. Laertes' sword is tainted with poison on the end, and if he doesn't win, Hamlet's victory wine goblet is filled with poison. As the fencing match commences, Hamlet appears to be the victor. Before the match ends, Hamlet's mother, Gertrude, the Queen, mistakenly takes a celebratory drink from the goblet of wine. Meanwhile, Hamlet is mildly cut with the poisonous sword edge but continues to fight. During the scuffle, the swords are switched, and Laertes is also wounded by the poisonous sword. The Queen falls to the ground to die. Soon Laertes feels the effects of the posion and tells Hamlet what Claudius was plotting and about the poisoned swords. At that point, Hamlet impulsively
stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and forces him to also drink the poisoned wine and Claudius dies. Before Laertes dies, he says "He (the king) is justly served / It is a poisoned tempered by himself / Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet / Mine and my father's death come not upon thee / Nor thine on me.” (Ham. Act 5, Scene 1, Pg. 16) At the very end of the story and all this tragedy and death, now Hamlet is also dying from the poison. Finally, after long travels, Fortinbras arrives in Denmark ready to seek his revenge but Hamlet tells him right before he dies that he wants him to become the new King of Denmark. Fortinbras is eager to embrace his new fortune, but before doing so, he rescinds his vengence and declares that Hamlet "to have proved most royal." (Act 5, Scene 2, Pg. 19) It is possible that Shakespeare wanted to use the theme of revenge to show that seeking revenge can start a viscious cycle that only leads to more tragedy and anguish. Perhaps, by remaining rational, rather then acting on impulse, one truly does become the most honorable person in the end.
Fortinbras marches his army to Poland, in order to fight for a worthless piece of land. By doing this, Fortinbras believes he is reclaiming his father’s name and restoring his family’s honor. Hamlet, on the other side, does the complete opposite. He does not take immediate action for any cause and he is portrayed as a great procrastinator in the play itself. Hamlet does think of plans and actions, but he does not put them into the works. Hamlet does get side tracked by his own thoughts, which eventually force him to talk himself out to taking action for revenge.
In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras' father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives the actions of Fortinbras as better than his own and the actions of Fortinbras, then, encourage Hamlet to act without hesitating.
In The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare, Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, is infuriated with his mother, Gertrude, for marrying his uncle, Claudius, less than two months after his father’s death. Hamlet, the main protagonist, has two characters who act as foils to him, and they are Fortinbras and Laertes. Not only do they want revenge on their father’s murderers, but they are willing to do so at all costs, even if it means destroying their reputation and independence. They also find different ways to cope with their troubles. These foils enhance the importance of Hamlet’s character throughout the play.
The situation in both countries of Norway and Denmark are similar. In both countries the old kings have just died and the uncles have taken over the throne to become king, while the nephews Hamlet and Fortinbras are the rightful to the throne. For example, Fortinbras’s uncle is now king preceding his father, and Claudius is now king preceding Hamlet’s father. However, young Fortinbras decides to go with his own army of the homeless that he created by offering them lands and wealth. He wants to take back the lands that were once owned by his country, because he might have a chance due to the shift in power.
As is hinted throughout the play, the state of Denmark has become corrupt. Marcellus' famous quote "There is something rotten in the state of Denmark"(Act 1, 5:90) is complemented by various other observations. "...tis an unweeded garden,"(Act 1, 2:134) and "our state to be disjoint and out of frame,"(Act 1, 2:20). In Elizabethan times it was generally thought that a monarch had to have rightful claim to the throne, lest the state descend into chaos. Fortinbras is essential to this overlying story line, as he is fundamental to the resolution of the corruption. The overlying story line is to make what was bad become good, and thus a complete resolution is needed. Fortinbras is instrumental in this resolution: as the only nobleman left to claim the throne rightfully, Hamlet bequeaths not only the land that Old Fortinbras lost, but also the state of Denmark. Hence Fortinbras attains what he had vowed to avenge, and the play comes full circle. All that made the state of Denmark rotten, all those involved with the corruption, are now dead hence the overlying story plot is fully resolved.
...oward in thine eternal cell, /That thou so many princes at a shot/So bloodily hast struck?”(5.2.357-359). Multiple characters including Claudius, Hamlet and Laertes are trying to avenge someone or seek vengeance. In the end they all end up meeting their fate and die as well as other characters. Fortinbras knows he arrives to late and is unable to help the kingdom, however he is now the present king.
However, throughout the Shakespearian tragedy, he is actively doing everything to avenge his father and ultimately succeeds. Fortinbras ' swift and forceful actions caught Hamlet’s attention; which shows amazing leadership, due to the fact it inspired someone to achieve something on their own. These characteristics of Fortinbras ultimate made him King of Denmark on Hamlet’s death bed: ‘On Fortinbras; he has my dying voice: So tell him, with occurrents, more or less, which have solicited.” (5,2, 349-351). Fortinbras wanted to get back the land that his father had lost to the old King Hamlet.Unlike Hamlet who was also seeking revenge, Fortinbras gain the most power than he had in the beginning of the play. He is only in character Hamlet who benefits from seeking vengeance as he has done it in a noble manner of a Prince and leader.
They both wish death upon the other. When Hamlet finds out about the murder through his father’s ghost, he vows to avenge his father’s and kill Claudius for his immoral act. “But know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown.” (1.5.38-40) In this quote, Hamlet is confronted by the ghost of his father stating that he was murdered by his
Troubled by royal treason, ruthless scheming, and a ghost, Denmark is on the verge of destruction. Directly following King Hamlet's death, the widowed Queen Gertrude remarried Claudius, the King's brother. Prince Hamlet sees the union of his mother and uncle as a "hasty and incestuous" act (Charles Boyce, 232). He then finds out that Claudius is responsible for his father's treacherous murder. His father's ghost asks Hamlet to avenge his death and Hamlet agrees. He plans very carefully, making sure that he doesn't kill Claudius when in he has already been forgiven for his sins. Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius, the King's advisor, thinking that it was Claudius hiding behind a curtain spying on Hamlet and his mother. This drives Ophelia, Polonius' daughter and Hamlet's love interest, insane. She then drowns in a suspected suicide when she falls from a tree into a river. Laertes, Ophelia's brother, teams up with Claudius and plot revenge on the strained prince.
Hamlet is Shakespeare’s most famous work of tragedy. Throughout the play the title character, Hamlet, tends to seek revenge for his father’s death. Shakespeare achieved his work in Hamlet through his brilliant depiction of the hero’s struggle with two opposing forces that hunt Hamlet throughout the play: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father’s murder. When Hamlet sets his mind to revenge his fathers’ death, he is faced with many challenges that delay him from committing murder to his uncle Claudius, who killed Hamlets’ father, the former king. During this delay, he harms others with his actions by acting irrationally, threatening Gertrude, his mother, and by killing Polonius which led into the madness and death of Ophelia. Hamlet ends up deceiving everyone around him, and also himself, by putting on a mask of insanity. In spite of the fact that Hamlet attempts to act morally in order to kill his uncle, he delays his revenge of his fathers’ death, harming others by his irritating actions. Despite Hamlets’ decisive character, he comes to a point where he realizes his tragic limits.
Fortinbras' uncomplicated, simple-minded determination towards final revenge of this father's death contrasts with Hamlet's intermittent efforts towards the same goal. The Norwegian's first appearance in the play, which does not occur until act IV, scene 4, is conveniently placed as Hamlet is on another of his "lows." Fortinbras' triumphant and majestic entry into Denmark evidences his ability to plan and act, circumventing obstacles in his plan as they arise, which contrasts with Hamlet's inability to do the same. Hamlet condemns himself and exposes one of his weaknesses -- his inability to act when required or possible -- by questioning "Wh...
Fortinbras functions as a foil to Hamlet throughout the play. His situation parallels Hamlet’s disposition as they enter the plot of the play. Both are princes of their own countries, their fathers have been murdered, and both are on the verge of succeeding as the next heir to the throne. The only obstacles that prevent them from the throne are their uncles, the favored successors after their fathers. While Hamlet seeks revenge against his own uncle for murdering his father in cold blood, Fortinbras’ father is murdered at the hands of Hamlet’s father, the former king of Denmark....
In Hamlet, Fortinbras is a character that is there but is never actually at the action
In William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras and Hamlet find themselves in similar situations. While Hamlet waits for the right time to avenge his father's death, Laertes learns of his father's death and immediately wants vengeance, and Fortinbras awaits his chance to recapture land that used to belong to his father. Laertes and Fortinbras go about accomplishing their desires quite differently than Hamlet. While Hamlet acts slowly and carefully, Laertes and Fortinbras seek their revenge with haste. Although Laertes and Fortinbras are minor characters, Shakespeare molds them in order to contrast with Hamlet. Fortinbras and, to a greater extent, Laertes act as foils to Hamlet with respect to their motives for revenge, execution of their plans and behavior while carrying out their plans.
Hamlet by William Shakespeare is a play filled with revenge. A revenge play was a common genre of play in Shakespeare 's day, and Shakespeare showed superb mastery in his style of writing one. The play centers on the fact that revenge leads to tragedy. When Hamlet tries to kill his uncle, he ends up killing Polonius and getting himself killed. Laertes wants to kill Hamlet because of his father 's death and ends up dead himself. A stark contrast to the two, Fortinbras listens to the good advice not to turn to revenge due to the death of his father but is patient and eventually ends up earning the crown of Denmark.