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The economic consequences of the reformation
The period of reformation and its impact
The period of reformation and its impact
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Brett Stoneman HST 102 10/22/17 The English and German peasants faced economic difficulties and oppression and referred to the Christian scriptures to justify their actions. The leaders of the revolts used sections from the Bible (scriptures) to provide evidence that the actions of the nobles are clergy were wrong and inhumane. Because their leaders argued their points referencing Scriptures, the peasants believed it was the way God intended it to be and therefore the correct way. The revolts performed by the English and German peasants led to enormous amounts of collusion to bring down the clergy and nobles and change the way of living for the lower class. The English lords depended on their peasants to finance the Hundred Years’ War against the …show more content…
He encouraged a truer faith and interpretation of the bible. He also specifically referenced parts of the Scriptures that showed nobles were doing wrong according to the word of God. An example of this is Martin Luther saying that God suffers so that crops can grow and by restricting the usage of crops it is ungodly and not loving thy neighbor (Twelve Articles of German Peasants). Another is that the sale of indulgences isn’t included anywhere in Scriptures, yet the clergy began selling them which was an obvious sign of corruption in the church (95 theses). Luther’s ideas promoted equality within the social order and were seen as valid because they had backing from Christian Scriptures. They were also more beneficial to the majority of people at the time (peasants) because they were less exclusive and less expensive. This resulted in him having an enormous following and Protestantism becoming a major religious practice (Hubler,
There was tremendous competition between European states for power and wealth. England wanted to limit France in the new world and as time went on, the conflict grew and the French and English colonies got involved as well as the Spanish ones. Both King Williams’s war and Queen Anne’s War ended in a negotiated peace and had little effect on the colonies, but both had accompanying wars in Europe. King William’s was the War of the League of Augsburg in Europe and Queen Anne’s War was the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In the eighteenth century, the European states depended on borrowing to fund their wars, but the English were the first not to pay off the debt when the war was over. The English instead just paid the interest on the debt, but as the debt
Bush, Michael. ‘Up for the Commonwealth’: the significance of tax grievances in the English rebellions of 1536, English Historical Review 106 (1991).
Martin Luther is known to be a key initiator to the Protestant Reformation, although he had no intention of doing so. He was going to become a monk, so he read deeply into scriptures, but this only led him to discover inconsistencies between traditions and the Bible. These inconsistencies lead him to demand changes in the Catholic Church; however that did not include
On April 16, 1525, Pastor Johann Herolt of Weinsburg reported that “the peasants scaled castle walls, captured the countess and her children, plundered the castle, and then appeared before the town” (Doc 5). The peasants’ acts of violence towards the lords stirred up negativity, doubt and even resulted in the death of others. Martin Luther declared in Against the Murdering, Thieving Hordes of Peasants that “the peasants forgot their place, violently took matters into their own hands, and are robbing and raging like mad dogs” (Doc 7). The peasants had misinterpreted Luther’s spiritual motivation and used it in such a way that excused their violent behavior against the lords. Another response included Caspar Nützel’s letter to Duke Albert of Prussia that addresses his negativity towards the peasants’ behavior. He maintained that the peasants’ behavior was unchristian and unreasonable and that they had “overstepped the mark” due to their ignorance (Doc 9). The revolts were finally terminated by authorities around 1526. The Decree of the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire expressed that acts of “disturbance and rebellion” such as these be prevented in the future (Doc
Leonhard Von Eck was a German chancellor, or head of government of Bavaria, therefore held a high status and role in society, revealing him as a probable reliable source (doc 1). As chancellor, Von Eck regulated order in society and was accustomed to the behavior of the peasants during this time period. He states that “the peasants are blinded, led astray, and made witless”, which displayed their lack of knowledge (doc 1). Ignorance of the peasants revealed that they, themselves are not dependable, thus, not reliable. Von Eck demonstrates this idea through the quote, “they could change their minds within an hour.” However, Von Eck showed accuracy as he emphasizes facts instead of opinions. His purpose in writing this report was to express his disagreements about Protestantism and how the “Word of God”, “the Gospel” in addition to “brotherly love”, were critical influences in their religious lives. Their “blindness” as Von Eck states, was caused by the utmost control of the Catholic Church. The Peasant Parliament of Swabia in March of 1525, implied the demands of the peasants as a unified faction. (doc 3) The Parliament stressed that as “poor serfs”, they have distressed and
He made a massive impact on the Catholic Church because he changed so many things during his time so that everyone would be treated fairly and evenly. One of Luther's main roles was that he was the leader of the Lutheran's. The Lutherans were the type of people who supported Luther and his ideas and followed him with what his teachings were about. A lot of these people were protestants because once Luther spoke up to the Catholic Church they all saw that they were being taken advantage of. Luther's beliefs were based on 'Faith + Good works = Heaven'. This was one of the many things that protestants believed would be the reason why they would be sent to Heaven. Luther felt that the Catholic Church weren't interpreting the bible correctly which is why Martin made the 95 Theses. The 95 Theses contained offence on papal abuses and the sale of indulgences by the church in 1517. When Luther refused to take back his offence, Pope Leo X outlined a statement about the Church's doctrine on indulgences and wanted Luther's ideas to be condemned of. By the time that Luther brought more and more attention to himself he had the support of many German society's. Pope Leo X gave Luther 60 days to recant or he would face excommunication. As many of Luther's books were being burned Luther published an open letter to Pope Leo X announcing that he will still be continuing about his opinion on false doctrine and corruption in the
In late 1524, German peasants believed that they were being mistreated and, therefore, created a revolt against the government. To this, the government responded in violence by killing over 100,000 rebels. These German peasant revolts were mainly caused by economic issues and the widespread belief and misuse of the Lutheran ideology. In response to this revolt, some key figures acted cooperative, while others acted in a violent and non-sympathetic manner.
Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483. He was a German monk, priest, professor, theologian and church reformer. His teaching helped to inspire the Reformation, and influenced the doctrines of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions, as well as the course of western civilization. Luther's works and writing helped bring the Middle Ages to a close, and brought about the Modern Era of western civilization. His translation of the Bible furthered the development of a standardized German language. Due to the development of the printing press, his teachings were widely read and influenced many reformers and thinkers. (Peterson 1)
Martin Luther was a former Priest/Monk and that saw some corruption in the Roman Catholic Church. Luther tried to bring his concerns to the Church in his writing of the “Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences.” When these question that Luther proposed to the Archbishop of Mainz went unsatisfactorily unanswered in 1517, Luther started defaming the Roman Church and pushed for the utter destruction of the Roman Church. What started out as an internal reform of Church’s discipline, turned into a war against the Roman Church for their total destruction. This was the intent of Luther’s sermon of 1521.
Through these essays, he showed the church for what they really had become, which was money hungry and more political than religious. Luther also pointed out the fact that high officials were able to hold more than one position. If they had that many responsibilities, they wouldn’t be doing their jobs as effectively as they should have been. If Martin Luther hadn’t been brave enough to publish and spread his ideas through these essays, many people wouldn’t have realized what was wrong with the church during that
The German peasants’ revolts of 1524-1526 were caused by many things. The increasing gap between the wealthy and poor; declining incomes of the wealthy; rise in inflation and taxation; external crises of famine, plague and war; and religious backlashes were what exactly had led peasants to rebel. Among these, there were two that were the dominant causes of these revolts. These include the peasants’ assumptions of Lutheran ideals and economic objections against their lords. Many responded differently to these revolts. Some people were sympathetic; others were harshly adjudicating over the causes. Some of the upper-class Germans thought that
People started to see the logic in his words and they started to break away from the Catholic church and in the process starting the protestant reformation. In his theses Luther believed that Faith not good deeds could save a person. People were convinced when they were told that if they pay so much money that their loved ones would be able to get out of purgatory and make it to heaven. Indulgences such as this was one of the major things that made Martin Luther so angry and adamant of writing his 95 theses because he wanted to see a change in the Catholic
Their wealth earned them great power and loyalty from the royals and citizens. Their power was used to restrict not only peasant folk but also nobles and the monarch in following the Catholic faith. This influences everyone’s daily life and morals. The Church was similar to a government institution where it sustained its own laws and rights. This provided stability to the land as people have benevolent morals with the assistance of religion.
A Short Passage To The Adversities of Serfs & Peasants Three social classes faced many adversities in the middle ages. Serfs and peasants were the ones considered the lower class during medieval times. Adversities are unfavorable circumstances; adversities can also mean misfortune, hardships, or difficulties. Being considered the lower class, the serfs and peasants had multiple adversities such as lack of nutritious food, little education, poor lifestyle, and women's hardships facing them each day.
Saying this made the serfs have something to look forward too (Melani). People regarded the church as means to eternal life. Church promised a future life and heaven of peace to the villagers who lived a tough life (King 41). Churches taught that hard labor should be apart of everyday life not just the peasant's (King 45). This is why the serfs thought that it was okay that they worked all day and all week.