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Puritan Literature Comparison
“Among all my experiences of God’s gracious dealings with me I have constantly observed this, that He hath never suffered me long to sit loose from him...” (Bradstreet 68). Anne Bradstreet is showing her devotion to God and is focusing on his love and mercy. Bradstreet found inspiration in William Shakespeare but more importantly what drove her poetry was religious beliefs. Being born into a Puritan family, Bradstreet became accustomed to Puritan behavior and had a strong belief in God. Jonathan Edwards, another strong believer in God, had the same Puritan beliefs but thought if a person shall sin they would be destined to end up in hell. Edwards is an extreme pastor and this is shown in the sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.” The two being the ideal Puritan religion have strong opinions on viewing God
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and how they express their tone and style of writing. The passages, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” and “Here Follow Some verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666” there are differences in how the two believe in God due to the tone of the writings. To begin, in the passage by Jonathan Edwards, there is the overall strict tone that if a person sins then the punishment is to automatically end up in hell. This is shown by, “...you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf…” (Edwards 80). To continue, in Edwards sermon, there is the basic fear of going to hell. This is proven by, “Consider the fearful danger you are in… as against many of the damned in hell” (Edwards 81). Finally, in Anne Bradstreet’s poem, the main tone is focusing on love and mercy. Bradstreet believes that God has a plan for her and her house burning down is happening for a reason. As well, Bradstreet believes that there shouldn’t be any more fear and sadness in losing all of her belongings. This is evident by, “Yes, so it was, and so “twas just/ It was his own, was not mine” (Bradstreet 69). These differences in tone are what make each passage unique and show how both Bradstreet and Edwards portray their faith and beliefs in God. The poem by Anne Bradstreet and the sermon by Jonathan Edwards both are using an emotional appeal to convince the reader about Puritanism.
To begin, both writings are based on being a good Puritan. This is justified by, “You find you are kept out of hell… as the good state of your bodily constitution” (Edwards 80). Furthermore, both the sermon and the poem’s language is stating that God is above all, thus he is the most powerful. Anne Bradstreet’s poem shows this when saying, “Yet by his gift is made thine own; there’s wealth enough, I need no more… My hope and treasure lies above” (Bradstreet 70). Lastly, the two authors, Bradstreet and Edwards, both were raised into a religious Puritan family. This can be observed in the sermon when, “However you may have reformed your life in many things, and may have had religious affections, and may keep up a form of religion in your families…” (Edwards 81). Growing up in a Puritan family shows ethos because the two authors are credible to explain Puritan behaviors and traditions. The similarities of the two passages tie the two together and convince the reader to become a
Puritan. Anne Bradstreet and Jonathan Edwards both are using pathos, an emotional persuasion technique. The sermon has a stronger appeal to it because of the fearful emotion which is shown by, “The devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them…” (Edwards 79).The reader is scared in thinking that if one sins, then hell is the result. The fear of going to hell drives the sermon and makes it more intriguing to read. Both the sermon and poem have strong appeals that will persuade the reader about God and Puritanism.
Anne Bradstreet’s inability to perfect her work before it was released frustrated her to the point where she internalizes the book’s imperfections as a reflection of herself. Bradstreet uses an extended metaphor of a mother and a child to compare the relationship between herself as the author and her book. Rather than investing her spirit in God, she repeatedly focuses on trying to improve the quality of her writing with no success, “I washed thy face, but more defects I saw” (Bradstreet 13). Like a mother protecting her child, Bradstreet’s attempts to prevent critics from negatively analyzing her work of art (20). Her continuous obsession about people’s opinions consumed in the Earthly world and essentially distracted her from developing a spiritual relationship with God. Bradstreet was enveloped by her dissatisfaction with her to the point of ridiculing herself, “Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble mind” (1). It was obvious that her mind and spiritual
In the sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards, he preached about a stricter Calvinist theology of Puritanism. Edwards delivered it at the Massachusetts congregation on July 8, 1741. He blatantly uses rhetorical strategies to instill fear into his audience if they are to continue to not be active Puritans in religion. Edwards uses polysyndeton, harsh diction and tone, and the appeal to emotion along with the use of semicolons to develop his message.
Edwards applied masses of descriptive imagery in his sermon to persuade the Puritans back to their congregation. For example, he gave fear to the Puritans through this quote, “We find it easy to tread on and crush a worm that we see crawling on the earth, so it is easy for us to cut a singe a slender thread that any thing hangs by, thus easy is it for God when he pleases to cast his enemies down to hell…” (pg. 153) In this quotation, he utilized vivid imagery because he wanted the Puritans to visibly imagine what he was saying through his sermon, on how angry God is with them, which made them convert back to Puritanism. Through the use of vivid imagery such as “crush a w...
Although John Smith, Mary Rowlandson and Jonathan Edwards are very different writers we can find a few similarities in their quotes we are learning. Quoting Seneca and other Latin authors, he presents his narrative with clear political intentions using third person and the first person in other occasions to make himself look as a hero who has managed to escape from captivity and death in three different occasions and has conquered exotic lands. On the contrary, Mary Rowlandson quotes Biblical passages, as she is a Puritan jeremiad with a strong religious background. The same happens with Jonathan whose religious thoughts are his main subject. Both Rowlandson and Edwards believe that everything is God’s will. Mary focuses her narrative on the violence of the attack, how she survives from captivity and she feels the need to write a book to teach a moral lesson to the congregation. However,
During the time both the poem and sermon were written people believed different things and lived differently. Jonathan Edwards and Phyllis Wheatley wrote with reference to the way people thought in their society, they wrote about what people believed, for example, Phyllis Wheatley rarely mentioned god but Jonathan Edwards only talked about God and the reason for that was because during Rationalism people believed god did not interfere with people through miracles, he created everything and everything in nature has the ability to be explained by natural laws; with Edwards people did everything for god, to basically please him due to the fact that during that time period God was involved in their daily lives. To them if you were a sinner you
First, both of the main speakers within each of the following Puritan literary works were ministers during the 1700s, which was around the time of the Puritans. These works were also written within third person point of view. Now, both of these ministers then express their concerns for their congregation
Anne Bradstreet and Jonathan Edwards were both Christians who had great faith in God and put Him first in their lives. They were both aware of God’s almighty power and that God had greater plans for mankind than what was visible on Earth. Their core way of thinking was similar but their personal understanding of God’s nature was strikingly different. Bradstreet saw a kind and compassionate God and Edwards saw a harsh and jealous God. However, both knew that eternal life awaited those who accepted God into their hearts.
Women have faced oppression in the literary community throughout history. Whether they are seen as hysterical or unreliable, women writers seem to be faulted no matter the topics of their literature. However, Anne Bradstreet and Margaret Fuller faced their critics head-on. Whether it was Bradstreet questioning her religion or Fuller discussing gender fluidity, these two women did not water down their opinions to please others. Through their writings, Bradstreet and Fuller made great strides for not just women writers, but all women.
In paragraph 3 of his sermon to the Puritan community Edwards’s use of anaphora becomes apparent. In order to wipe out any disbelief that any of the Puritans have he repeats the phrase “there is” and “it is” giving affirmation that hell is indeed real and is a place that awaits those who disobey god. By giving this
Anne Bradstreet, Jonathan Edwards and Arthur Miller were authors of Puritan writing that all contained one major object, the Bible. Jonathan Edwards, the writer of “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” spoke of the audience being damned for not turning in the path of the Lord. The Crucible by Arthur Miller was over adultery, Witchcraft and discussed God. Anne Bradstreet’s poems, “To My Dear and Loving Husband” and “Upon the Burning of our House” discussed how worldly things do not matter, and that the love she has with her husband and her Lord are whats important. The three authors are very similar, they all speak of God and use biblical illusions in their writings and teachings, giving them all similar characteristics.
Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor are two of the most recognizable poets from early American History; they were also both American Puritans, who changed the world with their poetry. We can see many similarities in their poetry when it comes to the importance of religion and also on having children and losing children. There are however differences in the audience of their poetry and their personal views on marriage. Bradstreet and Taylor both came over to America in the 17th century and settled in New England. Though Taylor came years later we can see the similarities through their poetry.
Though Bradstreet accepted the tenets of Puritanism, anti-Puritan texts are found in her poetry in terms of religious doubts as in “Meditations” to her children where she speculates if the Scriptures are true or contrived. Anne Bradstreet also deviates from traditional Puritan writings of the time by composing poetry for pleasure and self expression as opposed to writings of preaching and teaching as was the standard. Bradstreet is not truly unorthodox in that she did not dissent from accepted beliefs and doctrine, but lived in an intensely religious, male dominated society which put many limitations on women and their roles.
Jonathan Edwards was a man who could petrify any eighteenth century Puritan. He was born in East Windsor, Connecticut and was raised in a household with strict religious beliefs. In 1727 he began his preaching career as an assistant to his grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, the pastor at the church at Northampton, Massachusetts. When his grandfather died two years later, Edwards became the pastor of the Church at Northampton and began preaching all over New England. He then emerged as one of the leaders of the Great Awakening with his determination to return to the orthodoxy of the Puritan faith. That is when he adopted his “fire and brimstone” emotional style of sermon. Although people often ran out of the church in hysterics, most stayed in the church captivated by his speeches. He had always purposely chose to address his congregation with a sermon, using all of the elements of an oratory. In Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Jonathan Edwards displays all elements of an oratory by appealing to emotions, including expressive and rhythmic language, addressing the needs and concerns of his audience, and inspiring others to take action.
After reading Anne Bradstreet’s poems I liked “Before the Birth of One of Her Children” the most. In this poem Bradstreet is writing about the possibility of death after she gives birth to her children. During this time period 1 out of every 3 women die during childbirth. This poem was addressed to her husband as she goes on to say that if she does die that he remember everything positive about her. She even says that he must protect their children from a “step mother injury” and constantly remind them of their mother. Anne goes on to describe the possibility of this tragedy could happen to her. If this does happen to her she wants her husband to kiss the poem to symbolize kissing her after she is gone.
Bradstreet’s poetry is fully religious. Being a pious woman, as everyone was at that time period, she wrote poems claiming high morals and religious motifs. Her writings were very popular among puritans who started colonizing America. His Puritan belief was the reason of her special attitude to her life, soul and sufferings. “She thought that God was so hard on her because her soul was too in love with the world. She also wrote some poems where she asked God to watch over her children and husband” (Gonzalez, 2000).