Anarchism and liberalism are two ideologies which have developed into different strands over time. The diverse views within anarchism and liberalism allow similarities between the two to be found, however, anarchism as a whole is distinct from liberalism when comparing beliefs of human nature and political authority. Anarchists and liberals find some common ground when identifying individuality as an integral part of human nature, although social anarchism diverges by arguing that humans have a greater instinct for social cooperation. Moreover, anarchists and liberals also share similarities in their dislike of a great state role and its institutional apparatus because it limits freedom, however, anarchism argues for the complete removal of …show more content…
However, social anarchists exemplify that humans are first and foremost sociable beings and so these anarchists are against the individual presiding over society. Individualist anarchists take a stronger stance on the “sovereignty of the individual” with Stirner heavily emphasising that humans are naturally egoistic, should be completely unsuppressed to pursue their own will and would co-operate only on self-interest1. Likewise, classical liberals also outline the worth of the individual with Mill opposing “the tyranny of the majority”, what he believed was the marginalisation of those who did not agree with the popular opinion of society whilst the majority views were endorsed by “public authorities”2. Stirner and Mill represent the views of many individualist anarchists and classical liberals by suggesting contempt for the notion of community and society which they believe suppressed the individual 's egotistical nature, instead desiring that each individual be separately recognised rather than being merged into a group. Both anarchism and liberalism suggest that individuals are rational and are capable of forming personal opinions but collective activity, particularly societal and governmental ensures that individual voices are ignored as they focus on collective interests rather than individual
Ayn Rand's classic story of one man's desire to become an individual in a nameless society presents a compelling refutation of collectivism in all forms. The hero, labeled "Equality 7-2521" by the State, chooses to challenge conventional authority as he learns the joys of experimentation and discovery, the ecstasy of human love, the challenge and fairness of liberty, and the happiness of self-interest. Equality 7-2521 writes three unique phrases in his journal: 1. "My happiness needs no higher aim to vindicate it. My happiness is not the means to an end. It is the end.", 2. "We know that we are evil, but there is no will in us and no power to resist it.", 3. "The word 'We' . . . must never be placed first within man's soul.". These phrases will be discussed individually in the remainder of this essay.
In the book anthem the societies are a collective. Meaning they work as one. “One for all and all for one”. In this essay I will be comparing a collective society to an individual society. We live in a society supporting individualism.
... an individual, he has his own ideas, plans, thoughts, and is his own being and is looked down upon because of it. This book shows us that Collectivist societies do not work and they lead to brainless, incompetent people who have no meaning in life. The book's theme of individuality and identity show the downfalls of Collectivism vividly and very well. Throughout the book Anthem, the theme of individuality and one's identity, shown through Equality's own ideas, own love, and own ego, are vital to show Collectivism's faults.
The world is divided up into numerous things: Countries, states, cities, communities, etc. However, when looking at the big scope of things, one can group the vast amount of people into a society. This society is where the majority lie in the scheme of things - in other words, the common people. Individuals do exist in this society, but they are scarce in a world of conformism. Society’s standards demands an individual to conform, and if the individual refuses they are pushed down by society.
For Mill, the freedom that enables each individual to explore his or her own particular way of life is essential for a generous and diverse development of humanity. The only source of potential within society to further continue human development is the spontaneity or creativity that lies within each individual. Mill has a utilitarian view on freedom. He was especially keen on individual liberty because it allowed the greatest measure of happiness. His concern is not to declare liberty as a natural right but to rather set out the appropriate constraints within ‘Civil or Social liberty’. Civil liberty is defined as the limit society can exert its legitimate power over each individual and social liberty has much to do with a political principle
Taking the spontaneous route, many political thinkers believe that if given a chance to develop peacefully, a society will build up an complex structure of traditional practices and beliefs. This will create the most wisdom throughout a system since it is based on ideas that have been passed down through generations to be practiced and perfected. Tinder then gives three major sources of spontaneous order as contrasted with humanly manufactured, and power-centered order. The first is anarchism, or the belief that humans can get along without power. Anarchists thrive on the belief that humans are naturally good, and that if following natural forces, and laws created though habit and custom, can live harmoniously without gov...
...society must be voluntary only” (Social Darwinism in American Thought, Hofstadter, 50). America is the place to go to make your dreams come true. As an American, you develop the get-more-want-more phenomenon. This means that no matter how much you have, you will never be satisfied. Are you the type to make others dreams come true, or are you the type to go for your dreams at any cost? Do you know who you are, or did you not realize it until you read this essay? There’s nothing wrong with being either one, individual or collective. We tend to go with the more socially acceptable option because we are so obsessed with what the majority thinks that there is not even a split second when we get to decide for ourselves. The next time you wake up in the morning, look in the mirror and decide. Decide who you want to be. Individualist or collectivist, which one are you?
In the On liberty, Mill also highlights the aspect of individuality as one of the elements of well-being. John Stuart Mill points out the inherent value of individuality, since individuality is by definition the thriving of the human person through the higher pleasures. He argues that a safe society ought to attempt to promote individuality as it is the pre- requisite for creativity and diversity. Therefore Mill concludes that actions themselves don’t matter, rather the person behind the action and the action together are valuable. However on the limits to the authority of society over the individual, generally he holds that a person should be left as free to pursue his own interests as long as this does not harm the interests of others. In
The focus of this paper will be on criticizing the argument. He effectively explains what justifies the authority of the state by giving reasons that anarchy is better for autonomous nature of man. One might agree that the state can command an individual to obey the rule even if it is against the person’s moral beliefs. His argument, however, seems to undermine the
John Mill’s On Liberty seeks to expound on how individuals and the society can exist as liberal entities without infringing on each other’s rights. Liberty is the condition of being free within the society, that is free from any form of restriction inflicted by authority. He argues that individual freedom is the basis of democracy where people exercise their own free will (Mill 2005). He also rejects the idea of social contract where individuals comply with society for them to gain social benefit (Mill 2005). It is generally thought that social development can only occur if certain constraints are placed on individual liberty. But the contrary is also true, if restriction are placed on people’s freedom, it becomes difficult for them to thrive
In the past, Marx acquired an intriguing stand on individualism he found that it was far more important than equality. He argues individualism allows workers to achieve a consensus and breakdown the dictatorial leader. De Tocqueville on the other hand mentions that capitalism thrives on individualism. De Tocqueville’s argument was between equality versus individualism. He describes individualism as “a calm and considered feeling which disposes each citizen to isolate himself from the mass of his fellows and withdraw into the circle of family and friends” (De Tocqueville, 506). His perspective was that individualism empowers people to become competent but also strengthen and reassure society to work with the others in the community to magnify the possibilities for
He argues that liberty and individuality are not only related, but are inseparable. He grounds his reasoning in the utilitarian view that because man is not perfect, no opinion or life should be taken as correct or incorrect unless given a chance to be tested, and that society and individuals can only progress if these tests are allowed. Mill remarks that society is currently being dominated by an emerging conformity and mediocrity. He sees individuality as the only hope to curb this dangerous progression, and liberty as individuality’s creator and protector.
With anarchism there is a belief that once all government is abolished by the people that everyone will come together in a community of mutual aid and understanding without laws or authority to direct. Their philosophy can be considered opposite of most other ideologies, especially that of contemporary liberalism. Contemporary liberalism strives to hold on to the classic liberal's ideals pertaining to political, economic, and social liberties but it tends to look at democratic government as a tool rather than a hindrance. John Stuart Mill, John Dewey, and Franklin D. Roosevelt are established ideologues of contemporary liberalism. Just opposite of anarchism, modern liberalism puts its' faith in government to change and adapt to the failures of capitalism.
“Altruism — the sacrifice of self to others. This tied man irrevocably to other men and left him nothing but a choice of pain: his own pain borne for the sake of others or pain inflicted upon others for the sake of self.” This dramatic definition of altruism, from The Soul of an Individualist by Ayn Rand, provides a backdrop for similar ideologies. Along the same philosophical vein, one can examine the principles of collectivism, a way of life that puts priority on a group instead of a single member. Individualism, on the other hand, is the complete rejection of these two ideas and a way of thinking that stresses living on one’s own terms instead of being dictated to by a group. As shown
Modern day society is engrossed in a battle for protection of individual rights and freedoms from infringement by any person, be it the government or fellow citizens. Liberalism offers a solution to this by advocating for the protection of personal freedom. As a concept and ideology in political science, liberalism is a doctrine that defines the motivation and efforts made towards the protection of the aforementioned individual freedom. In the current society, the greatest feature of liberalism is the protection of individual liberty from intrusion or violation by a government. The activities of the government have, therefore, become the core point of focus. In liberalism, advocacy for personal freedom may translate to three ideal situations, based on the role that a government plays in a person’s life. These are no role, a limited role or a relatively large role. The three make up liberalism’s rule of thumb. (Van de Haar 1). Political theorists have