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Ancient civilizations and their contributions
Ancient civilizations and their contributions
Rise and fall of ancient inca
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As both the Roman Empire and the Inca Empire thrived during their different eras of time, they shared both similarities and differences in their forms of trade and technology. Both empires had a large network of roads, the difference between them was who was allowed to use them. In Rome anyone from nobles and famers could use them. But in the Inca Empire, only conquered people were given right to specific areas and barred from the network of roads. Rome hardly had any inventions theirs were mostly based on Greek inventions, while the Inca invented the Quipu to keep track of taxes and population. All in all they are very much different than alike. both Romans and Incas had roads to travel to far parts of their empires. Rome used the roads to
trade goods and items and also to travel through the Empire. Incas however used the roads to check on the far parts of the kingdom, Also communication in both empires were different, how the Romans communicate was through speaking and writing. Incas couldn’t read or write so they communicated with beads.
This primary source tells the reader a great deal about the Incas. The Incas were extremely wealthy. Most of the document tells the reader about the wealth and riches of the Incas, describing their wealth in depth. Jobs in the Incas’ society included many lavish occupations. “[M]any silversmiths who did nothing but work rich pieces of gold or fair vessels of silver; large garrisons were stationed there, and a steward who was in charge of them all” (Pedro). The Incas were organized and intelligent. Large armies were set up to protect their villages, and they had plenty of silver and gold to experiment with and create new beautiful objects. They used their systems to create a fair,
The Aztec’s and the Inca’s have many similarities such as religious beliefs, and views about gods. Inca’s views about training for war are different, and the Aztec’s artifacts are somewhat different to. The farm land compared to the Inca’s is differs also, because where the Aztec’s lived the land was elevated about ten thousand feet.
The following Essay must be a minimum of 5 paragraphs of 10-12 sentences each (a sentence is 10 words or more) .
To summarize, the Aztecs and Incas have economic similarities and differences in trade, agriculture, and tribute techniques. The Aztecs economy was more mixed and had a prevalent merchant class whereas the Incans had more government control. Intellectually, both civilizations recorded data somehow, had amazing architecture, and improved their agriculture. Women in both civilizations were treated harshly but those under Incan rule was slightly better.
The Aztecs and Incas were the two dominant new world societies which greeted and eventually succumbed to the Spanish conquistadors in the early 16th century. Since then, they have occupied some of the most curious comers of the western imagination. Purveyors of scholarly and popular culture render them in various disparate ways: as victims of European colonialism, incompetent militarists, heroic forbears, barbarians, or authentic practitioners of native utopias and cults. The Aztecs and Incas were two Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations that roamed the land of Latin America throughout 14th and 15th century. Aztec empire ruled much of what is now Mexico from 1428 till 1521, when the empire was conquered by Spaniards. Aztecs controlled a region stretching from the Valley of Mexico in central Mexico east to the Gulf of Mexico and south to Guatemala. Aztecs were great engineers and developed a multifarious social political and religious system with Tenochtitlan as their capital city. Inca Empire stretched it boundaries from Colombia to Chile and reached west to east from the Atacama to Amazonian rain forest. Incas lack the concepts of written language however they had an incredible system of roads. Casco as their capital Inca Empire only lasted a century before it was conquered by Spaniards in early 16th century. The two Mesoamerican civilizations burgeoned independently of each other with no cultural or religious swap. Aztecs and Incan societies were predominantly agricultural. Religions of both societies were shamanistic which were heavily influenced by preceding cultures. These complex polytheistic religions regardless of their chronological exclusivity have significant features in common.
Due to their scarce natural resources in their region the Incan people created provincial centers. Besides the lack of resources there was also no assigned task that lead to an increase in the Empire’s efficiency. The rise of both urbanism and trade inhabited because of the scarcity of resources in the Inca Empire. The Inca provincial centers became “sites of craft production and the concentration and distribution of goods.”(Gyarmati) The Inca Empire expanded with their impressive economic institution and forever changed the way people did business with not only each other but with other Empires around their area. Money dominates the everyday life of the average person, it makes the world go round. Discovering that the use of trade was used by the Incas warmed my cold business linked
The Incas are much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation, terracing and other advanced agricultural methods. These civilizations had retainers and all had slaves, usually slaves from other villages that they had fought in wars.
The Incas used a wide range of building materials including three types of stones: Yucay limestone, green Sacsayhuaman diorite porphyry, and black andesite. Each block of stone could have weighed many tons. They had to be cut in order to be transported using nothing more than harder stones and bronze tools. Most of the structures were just one room with the outer walls sloping in about 5 degrees to make the walls look higher and thicker then they actually are, this is called ‘the trapezoid form’. In every large Inca settlement there was a structure called a ushnu, this was a sort of platform, that symbolized the Inca state rule across the whole empire and they were used for state-ceremonies, judicial purposes, and processions. Since the Incas never invented the wheel they had no use for roads so instead of traveling along roads they used bridges made of rope and pathways to get from place to place conveniently in the mountains. The Incas had a number of other architectural advancements, but these are just the general ones that the common people would
Many civilizations have similar qualities as other civilizations, but they also have their differences. Some of these differences include: Religion, Geography, and Government. These three things were a big part of any civilization. Two civilizations had many different things and many similar things. These civilizations are The Maya and The Romans. The Romans had a very unique and interesting culture, The Maya were also very interesting and different. Even though they were unique in their own way, they also had many similar qualities.
The Aztecs and the Incas are compared and contrasted in multiple ways. With their views on religion they believe in some of the same gods but the Incas religious views are less violent and more peaceful. Both economies are strongly based on agricultural production, goods and services, trades, and ways of transportation. Politically both groups had their own forms of ruling whether it was local governing or province governing. Social structure both the Incas and the Aztecs had social classes that went from lowest to highest. Geographically both the Incas and the Aztecs have good locations due to the amount and the usage of agricultural goods. Intellectually both groups have advanced in technology and inventions. And to end both empires were taken down due to the Spanish colonization in the Americas.
Some would say that the Roman Empire was at it’s height during the rule of Augustus because it was a time of Pax Romana. During this time, the empire saw many advances particularly in architecture and engineering. It’s cities were connected through roads that were built for, “first and foremost moving armies and secondarily, for moving goods and people” (Cole and Symes 133). These roads gave them a military advantage that helped evade enemies by allowing their troops to move around quickly. Trade was also easier
The Incan empire was the largest empire to ever exist in pre-Columbian America. It lasted for about a century during the times of 1438 to 1572 and its advanced architectural monuments in Machu Picchu are a great fascination and mystery to many people. Today, there are many arguments among historians, debating whether the Incan empire truly was like a modern welfare state or in what ways it could be compared to the Aztec empire’s government. Indeed, there are certain laws and policies within Incan history that would prove the argument of those who say that it was in fact like an early welfare state and that its government really could not be compared to that of the Aztec’s to be held true.
Next, we will touch upon the history of the state and the history of government. It is thought that the earliest form of state started to exist around 5000 years ago; and this occurred in Ancient Egypt, Inca Civilization and interestingly in China and India. Prior to that, people were considered to be stateless which means they were not governed by any states and had no governments. It was only when people started settling down in a particular place and the centralization of power became possible that states could emerge. Moreover, historians have claimed that the two most common activities related to early states are agriculture and writing. This is because agriculture was imperative in attracting people who did not have to spend their time for subsistence whilst writing was vital
The Greeks and the Romans, two completely different civilizations and yet so similar. They both had their different customs and traditions and may have been years apart, but they are the same, or as the same two different people can be. Both had the ability for greatness, and both were able to create a far reaching empire full of many different types of people.
Many key economic and social characteristics either positively or negatively impacted Roman and Indian civilizations. The Roman civilization and Indian civilization were primarily different with some important similarities. They differed in that slavery in Rome was vital to the economy while India’s caste system did not address economic welfare. Additionally, slaves in Rome had a chance to gain freedom while members of the caste system in India could not move up the caste system. However, one similarity is that both civilizations treated slaves and people in lower castes unequally.