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The ming Dynasty during the period of 1340 to 1850
Introduction - Ming Dynasty
An essay about the Ming dynasty
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When Spaniards traveled west in the 16th century, they were able to find extensive amounts of silver in the Americas. At around the same time, the Japanese were also able to find great deposits of silver in their homelands as well. As such, the silver trade started, or as some may say, the start of global economy. With this trade, places like Europe that had little to offer to major civilizations were able to get more involved with trade being that they now could produce silver that was highly sought after. As it was in such high demands, especially in places like China, the global economy rose. Not only was silver used in making jewelry and weapons, it was also used as currency, however, it wasn’t just normal currency, it became currency that …show more content…
The reason for their need for silver was due to the fact that during the Ming Dynasty, a financial crisis erupted, causing the government to print out more money, but as more money gets circulated, the worth of it decreases. And since the worth decreased, their problem wasn’t solved at all, but if anything, it made it worse and added another problem, the people started to lose their trust in paper currency (Pomeranz and Wong “The Silver Trade Pt 1”). As such, they needed another form of currency which wasn’t as easy to produce, and that came in the form of silver. Precious metals such as gold and silver were incredibly rare in China, with the latter almost nonexistent; and so to get silver, they had to receive it from other countries. With so many people occupying such a country, high amounts of silver were needed were needed which helped fuel global commerce. As written by He Qiaoyuan, the Spanish could buy Chinese silk and porcelain for the price of 100 silver bars, but when they sell it back to the Philippines, it’s sold for 200-300 silver bars. This could show how the want for silver fueled global commerce since the Spanish could obtain silk for just 100 silver bars but sell it for 200-300, it could mean that merchants could obtain valuable Chinese goods for less if they paid in silver. And as the Chinese produced highly wanted goods; and with silver being mass produced almost everywhere, global commerce
Politically, World Powers craved practically nothing but silver from Asia. (Document 8) When silver was in such high demand, the business structure in many places changed dramatically. In China, the previous Bill of Credit, where citizens could purchase items with means other than money (for example, rice, wheat, or chicken) was removed and it was heavy enforced that everybody must pay for everything with silver. (Document 5) Lust for silver caused many political injustices around the world as well. Antonio Vasquez de Española, a Spanish priest wrote about the brutality existing between Spain and the Potosi Indians
Around the beginning of the sixteenth centruy, many countires had started to explore farther away and finding new territories. New products like sugar and taobacco began to emerge around the world in many places. Many countries in Europe were gaining power due to the control of colonies in the Americas. Asian countries did not explore as much, but still managed to remain large and powerful for a while. The global flow of silver had economic effects on inflating prices of goods and stimulating econimic policy of mercantilism, and social effects on negative effects on the lower class around the world during the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century.
During the period 1550-1800, the colonization of the Americas by European civilizations led to massive shifts in economic power from the West to East and vice-versa. An increase in global competition among western civilizations and against their asian counterparts drove Europeans to search for wealth elsewhere, and thus colonizing the Americas. One of the easiest ways to generate a profit, increase a civilizations wealth, and ultimately their military power was through the silver trade. In monopolizing said trade, Europe was able to establish a somewhat steady economic connection to the very wealthy Asian civilizations. However, european nations were struggling to keep control of the silver trade out of Asian hands, which caused major shifts
Before the Modern Era, international communication was not prevalent. Many factions were present between distant regions in the world, and regional trade flourished between lands that were close in proximity. Lands in the Americas or South America did not experience a strong connection to lands further east due to these gaps in communication. However, due to the emergence of silver, regional economies all combined to form one global economy. In this global economy, different, distant regions interacted through a common trade. Silver production, common from the 1500s to 1750, helped global interactions flourish. Different regions, specifically China and the Philippines, Spain and its colonies, and England collectively experienced shifts in their societies and economies through a combined need to interpose themselves in this global flow of silver, that was then expanded upon through different methods of gaining silver.
After the Civil War, business and corporations have expanded significantly throughout the United States. During this time period, known as the Gilded Age, many aspects of the United States were influenced by these large corporations. The Gilded Age was given that name after Mark Twain referenced it in one of his works. In the post Civil War period, big businesses governed by corrupt acts and held power of both the political system and the economy.
The sugar trade lasted from 1492-1700s. The Sugar Trade was a huge worldwide event. It caused African people leaving their country to go work on the sugar plantations.
...e, Europeans were finding themselves short of land and room for expansion due to numerous empires in a relatively small area. This led to the search for land. The political powers sought wealth and hoped to achieve this by conquering Asians markets as had been done in the west. Much like the political powers, the Christian church greedily sought mass expansion and conversion, pushing for missions in the foreign lands. In contrast to the Europeans motives, the reasons for Chinese commercial expansion were desires and curiosity of a single emperor in the Ming dynasty that was not pushed for by the aristocrats, church, or scholar-gentry. Whereas the general consensus of Europe pushed for expansion for economic, political, and religious reasons, the expansion was the doing of one emperor who looked for wealth for defense against the threat of the Mongols from the north.
In the late nineteenth century known as the Gilded Age (or the Reconstruction period) and the early twentieth century known as the Progressive era, the nation went through great economic growth and social change. Beginning from the 1870s, there was rapid growth in innovations and big businesses. This could be because there was population growth and when there is population growth, there is a high demand of products and other necessities in order to strive in society. Many immigrants from Europe, mostly from the eastern and southern Europe, and Asia moved to American cities. Additionally, farmers from rural America desired to increase economically in society and since corporations ruled and political problems occurred, they decided to move into the cities. Afterwards, the 1900s started with the dominance of progressivism which many Americans tried to improve and solve the problems that were caused or had arisen because of the industrialization of the Gilded Age. It was basically the time when progressives fought for legislations like regulation of big businesses, end of the political corruption, and protection of the rights of the people: the poor, immigrants, workers, and consumers. Thus, between the periods 1870 to 1920, big businesses had arisen and taken control of the political and economic systems through corruption and innovations. In response, American citizens reacted negatively and formed labor unions and political systems to diminish the power that large corporations had in America.
In this process, they succeeded in influencing Japan greatly. However, they were not as successful with China. At the end of the eighteenth century, China’s goods were much sought after by Britain. However, the Chinese saw Europeans as savages and did not want to trade with them. During trade, there was an imbalance in China’s favor, because the Europeans were forced to buy Chinese goods using silver.
During the early Ming Dynasty, China was one of the most economically and technologically advanced countries in the world. As Ebrey pointed out, “Europe was not yet a force in Asia and China continued to look on the outer world in traditional terms.” China was regarded as the center of Asia at the beginning of 15th century and the idea of “Middle Kingdom” (Zhong guo) began to take off at that time. The early Ming Emperors were not interested in promoting commercial trade at all. Emperor Hongwu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, implemented the Hai jin policy which forbade maritime shipping and private foreign trade outside of the tributary system (Ebrey, p. 209). Emperor Yongle, the son of Emperor Hongwu, lifted this policy to a certain extent when he ordered his eunuch Zheng He’s voyages. However, he was only intereste...
Unlike any other Kingdom, Aksum was one of the best placed trading post. With many different cultures and people from different kingdoms and empires it was hard to make trades, because of different currencies. However Aksumite rulers made it much easier to trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. This minting created one of the world's first currencies, and later influenced other countries to do the same. On top of creating one of the first currencies, Aksum minted different values of currency this included gold, silver and bronze coins. Bronze being a $5, a silver being a $20 bill; and lastly the gold being a $100 bill. It was like a credit card. This was a stepping stone that helped turn the olden world into the modern world today.
With deserts and the Himalayas running along most of the border, it was extremely difficult to cross over one of the most dangerous mountain ranges in the world and a few other scorching deserts with the little transport they had during that time. The only way merchants could come into the country was the southeastern coast of China, where most of the prosperous cities resided. What led China to become conceited was because they had an abundance of goods that most of the world wanted. In the 1760-1830s, China was famous for its porcelain (rich Europeans loved it), silk, and of course, tea. Since this Eastern Powerhouse’s goods were so popular, therefore, there were only a few things that interested them to trade with.
Although it might seem that Christina Rossetti’s poem Goblin Market, supports the theme of sisterly love and relationships, in fact, a careful study of Laura’s unhealthy appetite and forceful temptations uncovers the bitter controversy over the roles of women that took place during the Victorian times, when women were often symbolized as pure and treated like domestic commodities.
Gold, nothing can compare to this precious metal. A symbol of wealth and prosperity, it has been a value for explorers and adventurers and a lure for conquerors. Today it is vital to commerce and finance; popular in ornamentation, and increasing importance in technology.
The origin of the gold standard came from the use of gold coins as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. While gold has played these roles since ancient times, the gold standard as a legal institution dates from 1819, when the British Parliament repealed longstanding restrictions on the export of gold coins and bullion from Britain. Later in the 19th century, the United States, Germany, Japan, and other countries also adopted the gold standard. At the time, Britain was the world’s leading economic power, and other nations hoped to achieve similar economic success by following British precedent. Given Britain’s preeminence in international trade and the advanced development of its financial institutions, London naturally