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Evaluation of Freud's theory
Sigmund Freud's personality theory
Evaluation of Freud's theory
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When a person makes a decision they make it based on the environment action as a stimulus working together with their internal thought process. Sigmund Freud first developed the theory of personality and the topographical model of the mind where he described the mind as a reservoir of water with an iceberg in it. Freud used this model to describe balance of the conscious and unconscious mind; the iceberg he used to model the conscious mind and the vast reservoir of water he used to symbolize the unconscious mind. He describes the unconscious mind as primitive and containing unpleasant or socially unacceptable feelings. The unconscious is the brains’ processing of information (stimuli) in humans without actually being aware of it. There has …show more content…
Again, the participants were split into two groups; one group was told to analyze reasons and the other group was told to evaluate the features of all courses. (Wilson and Schooler, 1991)
In the first experiment conducted by Wilson and Schooler (1991) the results showed that when compared to expert ratings, students who considered why they preferred or disliked the jams concurred less with expert ratings than participants who did not. In the second experiment, when asked to analyze or evaluate which courses they would prefer to take, the participants changed their minds from their current choice to another that corresponded less with the expert ratings. (Wilson and Schooler,
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(Payne, Samper, Bettman, & Luce, 2008; Rey et al, 2008)
The results of Dijksterhuis’ and Nordgren’s study in 2006 demonstrated that although unconscious decision making does occur it does not mean that conscious decision making doesn’t and that it isn’t the best method for decision making in all situations.
The Lassiter et al (in press) the participants exposed to the memorization condition and the conscious thought conditions were able to improve their memory based judgments, as they were consciously memorizing the information. However, the participants in the unconscious-thought condition and the memorization condition were not asked to form an impression and there during acquisition did not form any judgments. As these participants had no judgments to recall from memory and as they were distracted by anagrams they were unable to process the information like the conscious- thought condition did. This shows that while consciously thinking about the information, the participants were able to memorize and form the most suitable views on the cars when compared to participants in the unconscious-thought condition. (Lassiter et al, in
Sigmund Freud first theorized the psychosexual theory after studying a patients mental health. The theory states that a human develops from underlying unconscious motives in order to achieve sensual satisfaction.
Personality, is defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character. But when it comes down to it many different theorists define personality in many different ways. First we see that Sigmund Freud's states that he uses what he calls his own, psychoanalytic theory of personality, and Freud even argues “that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.” ("Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality - Boundless Open Textbook")
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
Dual-process models provide an attempt to describe how a phenomenon of two different mental processes, conscious and unconscious play a role in everyday decision making. The field of psychology has seen the development of numerous amounts of dual-process models over the
The unconscious mind can be explained in various ways and can take on various attributes. Carl Jung the author of “The Archetype and the Collective Unconscious,” defines unconsciousness as the first reactions and interactions a person endeavors. Several Physicists believe that the unconscious mind acts separately from our voluntary thinking. Scientist believes that understanding the unconscious mind is key to determining what type of archetype a person may have or develop. Experiments such as, reaction to stimuli, have lead cognitive psychiatrist to determine the strength of the unaware and involuntary mind. In addition, many social physicists have also believed that the unconscious mind is unaware of it actions and that the unconscious part of our brain can sometimes be focused on several signs that our conscious self can’t see.
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Austria (?). His family moved to Vienna in 1860, and that is where Freud spent, mostly, the remainder of his life (?). Freud is considered the father of Psychoanalysis, the first acknowledged personality theory (?). His theory suggest that a person’s personality is controlled by their unconscious which is established in their early childhood. The psychoanalytic theory is made up of three different elements interacting to make up the human personality: the id, the ego, and the superego (?).
Consciousness was first described and introduced by Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche (Crick & Koch, 2001). It has been described as a realm of the mind that controls human behaviour. However consciousness is not accessible to conscious introspection, self-examination or a source of knowledge. On the contrary, Christof Koch, a neuroscientist collaborator of Francis Crick, describes unconsciousness as any neuronal activity that does not give rise to conscious sensation, thought or memory (Crick & Koch, 2001). Though unconsciousness differs in many different ways to consciousness, it works in a waking state that deals with cause and effect and the logical spontaneous processes in order to process information. On the contrary unconscious mind is associated with involuntary activities that form connections with thoughts, ideas and reflections, which unconsciousness also has the capability for multi-tasking. Therefore, as Koch explains, unconscious puts humans is an “online” mode, allowing us to override our instinctual ‘offline’ programming.
Conformity is defined as behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards. This is not a good or bad thing, this just is. It exists as a compliment to earlier humans congregating into larger groups, using agriculture and domestication to create sustenance. Also, conformity is essential for life. We need people to share the same ideas, ideologies and a way of thinking in order to work efficiently and effectively. There many examples that exist like, at work or in your house and even within yourself. Sigmund Freud has explained the phenomena of group psychology in a piece titled, Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego. Using Freud’s theory of conformity I will explain the self, what we call “me”,and its different constituents using The Principles of Psychology by
The psychodynamic approach lends itself to being a controversial yet highly influential theory in the history of psychology. The theory has become one of the most significant psychological approaches and its originator, Sigmund Freud, has become a major influence in modern psychology. The psychodynamic approach largely focuses on motivation and past experiences which develop and individual’s personality. Freud used the iceberg metaphor to outline the three states of consciousness and argued that only twenty percent of the mind represents the conscious. In addition he theorised that there was a pre-conscious mind which represents general memory. Finally, the unconscious mind which is essentially the reservoir of repressed or hidden experiences and desire.
Sigmund Freud’s theories on the construction of the mind are simple, but fundamentally changed the field of psychology. He proposed, among other things, that the human mind is composed of three parts: the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The preconscious consists of information, such as a telephone number, that is “accessible to consciousness without emotional resistance” (Schellenberg 21). In Freud’s estimation, the unconscious is the most important area of the mind. The information stored within it has “very strong resistances” to becoming conscious (Freud 32). Residing in the unconscious is the id, which “contains everything…that is present at birth… – above all, therefore, the instincts which originate from somatic organization” (14). From birth, all action is instinctual, from the id. The id recognizes and entertains no desires but its own and is impatient to have its needs met. This phase lasts until a part of the id changes “under the influence of the real external world” (14). This changed portion b...
Personality, by definition, is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual 's distinctive character. It is believed that the majority of a person’s personality is formed by the age of six and stays constant throughout their entire lives no matter the time or setting. Famous psychologist Sigmund Freud believed that personality is developed in the five psychosexual stages and that everyone goes through the same stages in the same order. The five psychosexual stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Each of the psychosexual stages focus on a specific part of the body called the erogenous zones, which are area of the body that produce pleasure, and Freud believed that if an individual had either an overindulgence
The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud’s credence is that different mental forces operate in the mind. The unconscious mind can be described as being like an iceberg. The tip of the iceberg represents the part of the mind that is conscious, everyday thoughts. The iceberg just below the water’s surface represents the pre conscious, thoughts and information that can be retrieved easily. And finally the base of the iceberg is the unconscious part of the mind where fears, traumas and bad experiences are contained, almost impossible to retrieve.
My personality plays a big part in my life, the qualities I possess, how I am perceived by others, and how well I interact with them. I believe I have an outgoing personality, I am easy to approach and get along with and much more. As I reflect on Freud and his theory, I can agree with him in some areas, but I don’t believe that the person personality was shaped almost entirely by childhood events. He was well known for his psychoanalytic theory of personality development, believing that the personality is shaped by conflicts fundamental structures of the mind: the id, ego, and superego (Funder, 2016). He was a psychologist who paved the way for others to come behind him. There are many who did agree with his theories
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, a small town in Austro-Hungarian. His parents were Amalia and Jacob Freud. His father was an industrious wool merchant with a happy and witty personality. His mother was a cheerful and vivacious woman. He was one of nine siblings. He was the first-born child of Amali and Jacob; however, two male siblings where from his father’s first marriage. When he was a young boy, his family moved to Vienna where he lived most of his life. At the age of twenty-six, he fell madly in love with Martha Bernays when she was visiting one of his sisters. Shortly thereafter, they married and had six children of their own three boys and three girls. His children describe him as a loving and compassionate man.
In terms of the unconscious and conscious, Freud situates these conceptions in a topographic model of the mind. He divided it into two systems called the unconscious and the preconscious. Their knowledge in the unconscious system is repressed and unavailable to consciousness without overcoming resistances (e.g., defense mechanisms). Thereby, the repression does not allow unconscious knowledge to be completely aware; rather, it is construed by means of concealing and compromise, but only interpretable through its derivatives dream and parapraxes that overcome resistance by means of disguise and compromise. Within the preconscious system, the contents could be accessible, although only a small portion at any given moment. Unconscious thought is characterized by primary process thinking that lacks negation or logical connections and favors the over-inclusions and 'just-as' relationships evident in condensed dream images and displacements. Freud asserted that primary process of thinking was phylogenetically, and continues to be ontogenetically, prior to secondary process or logical thought, acquired later in childhood and familiar to us in our waking life (1900, 1915a).