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The Economics Of The Olympics
The Economics Of The Olympics
The Economics Of The Olympics
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Over the past few decades, the necessity and requirement of money is often underestimated, especially for the funding of the Olympic Games. This event, which is known to be the largest and longest lasting sporting event, has been able to unite over 200 nations. Originating as a religious and athletic festival in Olympia, Greece, from 776 BC to 393 AD, . The rebirth of the Games, which was initially presented by Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin, took 1503 years to be brought back in the light. Since 1894, when the International Olympic Committee was created, it was also the beginning era of the modern Olympic Games. Cities would have to put forth a bid, also known as a request, to become the host city and nation of the upcoming Games. This …show more content…
More specifically, the unnecessary costs of bidding and the low ticket sales in previous Games results in a greater risk in the potential loss in profits. To be granted the chance to host the mega-sporting event, the host city and nation must prepare a bid to the International Olympic Committee. According to Sant and Mason (2015), in theory every city must prepare justification that the potential of social, environmental, and economical benefits is greater than others (pg. 42). This process, not only takes several years of preparation but is quite costly. Noted by McBride (2018), the bidding process prepared by the International Olympic Committee is known to encourage “wasteful spending, by favouring potential hosts who present the most ambitious plans” (para. 27). However not all bids are successful and take several tries before becoming successful. Also mentioned by McBride (2018), Tokyo had several attempts at bidding, most notably in 2016 where they almost spent $150 million in this pre-phase (para. 10). Although the price to gain the chance of the Olympics is often too heavy, many believe that the revenues from the Games would help balance out the cost. However, it was mentioned by Preuss (2004) that the importance and significance of ticket sale revenue has declined ever since the 1970s (pg. 167). This is largely due to spectators unwilling to pay for the high prices and wanting to watch comfortably at home rather than travelling to the venues to watch. As a result,
Since 776 BCE, the Olympics have been a way for people of different cultures to come together and compete in friendly competition. In 1892 the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, although it had been over a thousand years since the last game it still had brought together an assortment of different religions and ethnic groups together. Many factors shaping the Olympic Games reflect the changes that have taken place in our world since the last game in 393 CE in Greece such changes include woman’s suffrage, global economy, world wars, and proving competency.
Wembley has a monopoly on these matches due to Football Association (FA) policy2. Theory states that Wembley should charge as close to the willingness to pay of its customers as possible to maximise its profits1. The ability to do this depends on demand and the ability to price discriminate between market segments.
The mixture of these four factors creates great rivalry among teams chasing sponsors, licensees and fans for a fixed pool of revenue with covering high and often increasing costs.
The Reasons Behind the Increasing Commercialism of the Olympic Games The Olympic Games is a world wide event, held once every 4 years. It is the most important event amongst the elite athletes of today. It is viewed on television by billions of people across the world, by satellite transmission (started in Tokyo in 1964). This worldwide viewing attracted sponsors as they realised that by supporting the Olympics their product would be advertised on every product sold, as they would be the 'official sponsor'. The advances in technology has played a fundamental role in the increase in commercialism, as large sums of money are put forwards for television rights over the Games from companies such as Sky, the BBC and ABC.
In the article, it states, “At the London Games, the cost of the opening ceremonies alone was a whopping 42.3 billion” (Retrosi 2). This information is interesting but completely irrelevant to discovering cruelty in the Olympics. In this article, the complications of funding are also discussed, “America’s best athletes are almost entirely dependent on corporate sponsorships. For the athletes, the consequences of this addiction can be disastrous” (Retrosi 3). This statement shows off problems for athletes in the US, but still doesn’t detail any cruelty from the Olympics, because the Olympics has no control over how countries handle their athletes. Samantha Retrosi also mentions the US Army World Class Athletes Program, “ Today’s luge athletes have had to look elsewhere for support, with many having little choice but to join the US Army World Class Athletes Program … Apparently, one must be willing to enlist- and possibly fight and die for one’s country- in order to cover the expenses of international competition” (Retrosi 3). Once again, Samantha Retrosi’s statement has little to do with the Olympic Games and more to do with the way America handles its athletes. Therefore, Samantha Retrosi’s argument is significantly lacking because of the abundance of irrelevant information.
The focal article I chose is Dynamic Pricing: The Future of Ticket Pricing in Sports by Patrick Rishe published on January 6th, 2012 through Forbes. Pricing is an important component of the marketing mix because it is the element where managers have expectations of customers paying their money to the organization (Kopalle, 2009). Compared with other elements of the marketing mix, pricing has the advantage because there is a high level of flexibility. The flexibility is because prices change continually (Smith, 2008). The opportunity of quick price changes also has disadvantages. For much of the 20th century, the vast majority of sport managers employed one of two pricing strategies: the one-size-fits-all approach, where every ticket price
The government’s lack of regulation in sports leagues: allowing mergers, entrance fees, and expansion control, has created monopolies that stop the free market (Grow). Decisions made by the owners who run the league are made in their interest not the public and there is no rival leagues of the same sport to combat
then the games will not be as appealing to the crowds. When the crowds do not show up to watch
"Money makes the world go 'round." Sports could not exist without the presence of money. You have high paid athletes asking for multi-million dollar contacts, while at the same time you have doctors not even making close to that amount. There are corporations buying out sports teams, buying stadiums, and buying everything that has to do with sports. Someone may ask why they do this. Sports are one of the most profitable industries in the world. Everyone wants to get their hand on a piece of the action. Those individuals and industries that spend hundreds of millions of dollars on these sports teams are hoping to make a profit, but it may be an indirect profit. It could be a profit for the sports club, or it could be a promotion for another organization (i.e. Rupert Murdoch, FOX). The economics involved with sports has drastically changed over the last ten years. In the United States, we spend about 13% of all money on sports and entertainment. Sports has obviously done its job; entertained and drained money out of our pockets.
The ability for consumers to attend the event of their choice almost entirely depends on the greed of the ticket scalper- a factor which cannot be trusted. Forbes compares this unethicality to that of the housing crisis, shedding light on the similarities between profiteers and “landlords [who] overcharge for substandard housing”. Ticket scalpers often take advantage of the subjectivity of value between supply and demand, preying upon desperate fans to fill their own pockets with
It is a delicate and confusing situation. If the fans will pay for everything from the hats to the T-shirts, to the tickets to the hot dogs, the teams will generate more money. However, if that happens, come contract time athletes will demand for more money. If the athlete demands more money, the cost of tickets and memorabilia will go up.
Comparison between old film special effects and modern day special effects For my comparison I picked out the 1982 science fiction film Tron and its sequel Tron: Legacy released in 2010. Tron is about a computer hacker who is seized into the digital world. He is forced to participate in gladiatorial games with no chance of escaping except for the help of a heroic security programme (Lisberger et al., 1982). The reason I picked Tron is for its uniqueness in visual effects, as well as in other areas, such art direction, set decoration and more.
This could occur for a number of reasons, lack of public interest in the team, poor team performance or simply poor planning on the city government’s part. So, while there are some situations where civically funded stadiums can be successful, city leaders need to carefully plan and prepare to avoid results that ultimately become detrimental to the
One may disagree that hosting Olympics is not worthwhile as it requires a city or a country to bring out an enormous sum of money for the preparation and planning of hosting the Olympics. Zimbalist (2012, pp. 116) says that the summer Games roughly generates a total of $5-$6 billion and almost half of it belongs to the International Olympic Committee. On the other hand, the cost of the games has increased roughly