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Puritanism in the scarlet letter
Influence of religion in scarlet letter
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What constitutes the definition of something? Is it personal meaning or rather a clever deduction? In the book The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne, the main character, commits a sin in the Puritan society in which she lives. She has committed adultery and given birth to a daughter. As punishment for her sin she is forced to wear a scarlet letter A on the front of her dress. From several alternative perspectives the letter has different representations. However, in all reality, the letter A is simply that, the letter A. To the people of the community it is a symbol of shame, to Roger Chillingworth it is a symbol of betrayal, to Reverend Dimmesdale it is a symbol of deep guilt, and most importantly to Hester, it is imprisonment. The people of the time period are strict Puritan thinkers that view the letter that Hester must wear upon her bosom as disgrace. She has shamed not only herself, but the community as well. With the obvious bright red letter glaring like a warning, people receive the signal to interact with her as little as possible. Hester becomes an outcast and lives alone with her daughter and tries to support them by becoming a seamstress. Hester even does things that would be see as redeeming or saint-like by making clothing for the …show more content…
He is the other adulterer. He is the father of Hester's child. To Reverend Dimmesdale his letter A and Hester's is a reminder of his sin. He is consumed by guilt and despair. So much that he grows physically ill. He often has his hand over his heart where the letter A was burned into his skin. The secret of adultery that he has kept eats away at him slowly and when Roger Chillingworth discovers him as the father of Pearl, Hester's daughter, he seeks to make it worse. The reverend also sees himself as a hypocrite because he preaches against sin and yet has committed a huge one in Puritan
Arthur Dimmesdale is a young Reverend who fell in love with Hester Prynne and is the father to Pearl. Hester refuses to name Pearl's father as the Reverend in order to protect his honor but this guilt eats away at the Reverend and cause him to constantly punish himself for the sin he has committed, he starves and whips himself and stays up praying for hours. This psychological and physical torture he puts himself through causes him to develop a heart condition. The Reverend's biggest obstacle he must overcome is himself; the Reverend lives a very difficult life because he is supposedly a man of god yet he has committed a deadly sin. In order to alleviate his guilt the Reverend writes wonderful sermons, which he delivers, to his followers. The
There are situations during the first part of the Scarlet Letter where Hester responds to the community’s power differently. As Hester stood on the scaffold, babe in hand, community officials demanded she “Speak out the name!” (Ch. 3; Pg. 47). Though pressed with legitimate power, Hester refuses and withdraws from answering who the father of the sin-born baby is. The reader already begins to notice the strong spirit of Hester. The characterization of Hester continues to develop throughout this section when she “ … did not flee.” The adulterer’s inner strength to not withdraw is astonishing. Why not leave the people who just judged you and imprisoned you? Hester and Pearl lived “On the outskirts of the town … but not in close vicinity to any other habitation” (Ch. 4; Pg. 55). The mother decided to stay, but still withdrew from the community. Hester begins to do service for the poor as well as make clothing for a community that harshly judged her. She begins to embrace her position in this power imbalance by doing good deeds, and the narrator suggests that “None so ready as she to give of her little substance to every demand of poverty” (Ch. 13; Pg. 110). The view of Hester by the community changes towards the end of the book. Her “A” was now viewed to mean “able.” No longer did it mean it regular interpretation. Hester at first was on the negative spectrum of responses to power, but we see her embrace her position in the community in the third part of the
Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale takes the easy way out and does not tell the community that he is the one that committed adultery with Hester Prynne, which led to more pain than he saved. Him and Hester Prynne committed adultery together and as a result of that, they have a daughter, Pearl. Hester is sentenced to the scarlet letter, which is an “A” upon her chest and public humiliation, but the identity of the husband is never discovered. Dimmesdale takes the easy way out and hides the secret. Because of this he is going through great suffering. "Mr. Dimmesdale, conscious that the poison of one morbin spot was infecting ...
The central theme in The Scarlet Letter is that manifested sin will ostracize one from society and un-confessed sin will lead to the destruction of the inner spirit. Hawthorne uses the symbol of the scarlet letter to bring out this idea. In the novel, Hester is forced to wear the scarlet letter A (the symbol of her sin) because she committed adultery with the clergyman, Dimmesdale. Because the public's knowledge of her sin, Hester is excluded physically, mentally, and socially from the normal society of the Puritan settlement. She lives on the outskirts of town in a small cottage where she makes her living as a seamstress. Though she is known to be a great sewer amongst the people, Hester is still not able to sew certain items, such as a new bride's veil. Hester also has no interaction with others; instead she is taunted, if not completely ignored, by all that pass her by. Despite the ill treatment of the society, Hester's soul is not corrupted. Instead, she flourishes and improves herself in spite of the burden of wearing the scarlet letter and she repeatedly defies the conventional Puritan thoughts and values by showing what appears to us as strength of character. Her good works, such as helping the less fortunate, strengthen her inner spirit, and eventually partially welcome her back to the society that once shunned her.
First, there many instances, both literal and symbolic, which support the notion that the scarlet letter has a strong affect on Hester. As seen early in the novel, the public opinion of a seventeenth century puritan society can be quite narrow-minded. As Hester is first marched out of the prison, the women of the town scowl at her. "At the very least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne's forehead." (p.36) The initial opinion of the society is extremely cruel and Hester, who tries desperately to remain strong and undisturbed in the face of this mob anger, is by no means deaf. The cruel actions of the townspeople throughout the novel contribute to the ways in which the scarlet letter affects Hester. Yet, these affects of the scarlet letter on Hester can be defined more specifically when examined on the symbolic level. In many ways, Hes...
As Hester wears the scarlet letter, the reader can feel how much of an outcast Hester becomes. When walking through town, “…she never raised her head to receive their greeting. If they were resolute to accost her, she laid her finger on the scarlet letter and passed on” (Hawthorne, 127).She believes that she is not worthy of the towns acknowledgments and chooses to ignore them. The guilt that now rests in Hester is overwhelming to her and is a reason of her change in personality.
Throughout the novel, the harsh Puritan townspeople begin to realize the abilities of Hester despite her past. Hester works selflessly and devotes herself to the wellbeing of others. “Hester sought not to acquire anything beyond a subsistence of the plainest and most ascetic description, for herself, and a simple abundance for her child.
Guilt is a feeling of responsibility or remorse for some offense, crime, wrong, whether real or imagined. There are different types of guilt. Guilt can be caused by a physical thing a person did that he isn’t proud of, or wanted to hide, can be something a person imagined he did to someone or something else, or can be caused when a person did something to his God or religion. Everyone at some time in his or her life has a run in with guilt, and it has a different impact on each person. People, who are feeling guilty because of something they did or said, can influence how other people act and feel. Some people are affected worse by guilt than others, for example, Dimmesdale from The Scarlet Letter. Talked about in The Scarlet Letter, Dimmesdale, a man with the deepest guilt, was responsible for the moral well-being of his people. He went against his teachings, committed adultery, and left the woman to suffer publicly alone while he stayed like a hero in the town. On the other hand, sometimes the masses are affected by one person’s guilt. He was affected much more by guilt, because he didn’t tell anyone of what he had done. By keeping guilt internalized, a person ultimately ends up hurting himself. More than seventy percent of all things that make people feel guilty are found out later on in their life by other people. Guilt has three categories that it affects the most in people: physical, mental, and spiritual.
Guilt and shame haunt all three of the main characters in The Scarlet Letter, but how they each handle their sin will change their lives forever. Hester Prynne’s guilt is publicly exploited. She has to live with her shame for the rest of her life by wearing a scarlet letter on the breast of her gown. Arthur Dimmesdale, on the other hand, is just as guilty of adultery as Hester, but he allows his guilt to remain a secret. Instead of telling the people of his vile sin, the Reverend allows it to eat away at his rotting soul. The shame of what he has done slowly kills him. The last sinner in this guilty trio is Rodger Chillingworth. This evil man not only hides his true identity as Hester’s husband, but also mentally torments Arthur Dimmesdale. The vile physician offers his ‘help’ to the sickly Reverend, but he gives the exact opposite. Chillingworth inflicts daily, mental tortures upon Arthur Dimmesdale for seven long years, and he enjoys it. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth are all connected by their sins and shame, but what they do in regards to those sins is what sets them apart from each other.
This is just how like puritan society shuns and shames their people for not upholding the laws and customs that must be followed. She must adorn it and without fear flaunt it as she walks around Boston bearing the letter. The town seeks to use Hester as an example to frighten any other would-be nonconformists from breaking the strict moral rules of Puritanism.
Hester had committed the sin of adultery. Hester is hidden behind her scarlet letter where she cannot show her identity. Because the way a sin can define a person is by defining their identity. The scarlet letter defines Hester as someone who sinned in her society. Her society reacted to her with the scarlet letter, which made her question her identity of who she is with the scarlet letter. Hester is forced to change her identity and the society around her looks at her in a different eye than what she was before she received the scarlet
Throughout many years of her life, Hester was considered an outcast by the people of her town. These repercussions are felt by her daughter, Pearl, as well, because she has no friends. They don't associate with others and some instances occurred when Puritan children would throw rocks at the two. During this time, Hester refuses to make publicly known the name of her child's father. To bear the weight of her punishment all alone made her even stronger. As her life progressed, Hester became less of an outcast in the public eye. She was gifted at embroidery and was charitable to those less fortunate than she. (Although Hester was a talented seamstress, she did not make as much money as she could have because she was not allowed to sew wedding dresses. This is obviously because she had committed sins that were supposed to be confined to the sanctity of marriage.)
When one analyzes the punishment inflicted upon her, it may seem harsh and cruel, especially for a Puritan society. It seems that Hawthorne agrees with this as well. Throughout the novel, it seems apparent that Hawthorne feels that the punishment Hester received was harsh and self-degrading. When one commits a sin, they should understand their mistake, receive their blame, and receive a "slap on the wrist." However, the punishment Hester received was far worse emotionally. Wearing the letter made Hester the talk-about of the town. When she walked through the marketplace, she received scornful looks, as if society was rejecting her for her wrongdoing. Hester was now living on the outskirts of town, isolated from neighbors and trying to communicate with her daughter Pearl.
She is viewed as a promiscuous scoundrel by her fellow townspeople. The readers, however, sympathize with her as we know her internal struggles and the motive behind her actions. She is an independent woman and her strength peaks when she prospers, even through public humiliation and a life of isolation. In the beginning of the book, she is described as a beautiful woman with a "figure of perfect elegance on a large scale’ (35). Before the novel ends, however, her features are hidden and her warmth vanquished due to the ‘A” embarked upon her. Once she removes this letter--symbolizing her riddance of strict conservative Puritan social expectations--her beauty begins to radiate once again. In this way, Hester’s character revealed how unbending Puritan morals may easily do more harm than good and how the influence of society can therefore corrupt a person. Hawthorne purposely brings light to this era of relentless Puritan ways of life not as to make fun of it, but to capitalize on its flaws. The way Hester was tortured and stripped of her beauty blurs the line between God’s will and individuals’ wills to enforce excessive punishment and pain upon other human beings. Individuals often use the excuse that they’re carrying out God’s will to carry out tyrannical actions, such as shaming and secluding Hester for the rest of her
As an adulterer, many Puritans were not up to the idea of associating themselves with Hester, which also meant it would be very hard for Hester to find a stable job. Because she had to figure out a way to sustain her and Pearl's life, so she turned to her wonderful skill of embroidery that was on display with the scarlet letter, and she soon started to amass popularity. Hester, with her skill of embroidery, was able to interact with the whole community because of her well respected work. The work allowed her to touch all parts of the community, and people began to notice her resiliency and strength through this situation. Her propriety became that of a generous and sympathizing figure. That is why her A starts to represent her being "Able", rather than an "Adulterer". She also displayed her strength through her acts of charity to those of lesser privilege. She used her crafting skill to make clothing for the poor and she would donate them, but the usual response of one in need was not present, because the poor started to denounce