Shakespeare incorporates precise details which overlay one another to form the magnificent tragedy, Macbeth. Shakespeare’s details hardly escape the keen eyes of Harold Bloom, who dedicated The Invention of The Human to analyze all of Shakespeare’s work. Bloom understandably claims, “Macbeth is a uncanny unity of setting, plot, and characters…” (518). Through Bloom’s initial claim and analyzing his speculations on Macbeth’s setting, King Duncan’s death, and Macbeth’s murderous personality, readers delve into meta-analysis and expand their understanding of the tragedy, Macbeth. Thesis is needed
Often students disregard the setting of the play or novel while reading, only to focus on the plot and lose the meaning of location and circumstances within which the play is set. Many people believe setting is of little importance and the plot can happen at any place or time. With regard to setting, Bloom states, “...Macbeth, overtly medieval Catholic, seems less set in Scotland than in the kenoma, the cosmological emptiness of our world…”(518). Thus, Bloom implies Macbeth could be set in any time period or belief system. Despite Bloom’s support to the claim, I believe that the setting of medieval Catholic Scotland provides a unique insight to Macbeth. Personally, Macbeth symbolizes the antithesis of Catholic Scotland, a warrior ignoring morals and
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code of honor. Without Catholic morals to compare to Macbeth’s morals, readers would be lost to the injustices Macbeth commits. The most notable injustices arr Macbeth betraying King Duncan as a guest and as a warrior and Macbeth’s commissioning to kill Macduff’s clan. Bloom comments little on the slaughter of Macduff’s clan, but the speculation Bloom explains how Duncan’s killing fascinates readers. The fascination Bloom instills with his theory derives from his audacity. He implicates that Macbeth strayed from societal conventions. Bloom states, “Critics almost always find an element of sexual violence in Macbeth’s murder of the sleeping and benign Duncan,” (531). Bloom suggests that MacBeth might be impotent, homosexual or otherwise sociopathic, finding pleasure, possibly sexual, or catharsis, in stabbing. Bloom supports the claim weakly with Shakespeare’s self-referencing Tarquin from The Rape of Lucrece, and the audience’s inability to spectate the murder. I believe Macbeth’s later murders disprove Bloom’s assertion. Macbeth did not take pleasure in murdering, rather his guilt rapidly manifested into sleep deprivation and calloused emotions. Where Bloom equates Tarquin, a character in a separate Shakespearean poem, to lust, I believe the reference to Tarquin symbolizes Macbeth’s need for stealth, hiding his intentions to murder King Duncan. King Duncan’s death is paramount to the play’s plot, initiating Macbeth’s fall from grace. Not displaying Duncan’s death allows for the audience to insert their horrifying details. Presenting Duncan’s death would not terrorize because the audience would know the details of the death. Leaving the death ambiguous does not imply a sexual aspect as Bloom suggests, rather the ambiguity implies a killing too gory and horrifying to observe. With the heinous image of Duncan’s death, the conversation between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth contributes to characterizing their relationship. Accordingly, the conversation provides significant insights into Macbeth’s personality. A key component to Macbeth’s personality is his murderous persona. Bloom explains, “... every person in the play is a potential target for the Macbeth’s,”(524) makes us question who is safe from their blades. As well, Macbeth hesitates, and contemplates the pros and cons of each decision. Dissimilar to Bloom’s aforementioned claim, Macbeth wanting to kill all those who stand in his way is substantially supported. The plot mainly provides the support for this claim. Protecting his stolen throne, Macbeth willingly chooses to kill any threat, perceived or prophesied. Macbeth had made attempts on all characters, though his success was slim. More profoundly though, Bloom suggestions every attendee has their own Macbeth in their minds, devising, and pondering a murder. However, we should not be strictly bound to Macbeth and his murders. Rather, we should be able to personalize with Macbeth’s pathology, deliberation and disregard for morals. Viewing him in this manner, enlightens us to the consequences of ignoring our conscience, similar to how Dante enlightens the consequences of ignoring our morals. Through both, we learn the necessity of balancing reason and moral, a theme Bloom does not directly state, but an important connection made independently. Bloom’s claims on the circumstances of Duncan’s death and Macbeth’s murderous personality undoubtedly provide astonishing perspectives.
Though we question his claims, our eyes, nonetheless, open to see his perspective. His speculations on Macbeth’s impotent and homosexual and his wanting for us to look inside ourselves, impact us profoundly. He guides us to extend, question, and modify his perspective to make our own connections. By making connections, we learn the weight guilt has on a person, and the importance of balancing faith and desire with reasoning. Themes that should never be overlooked, or considered
insignificant.
Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press New Folger Edition, 1992
While in Hamlet and others of Shakespeare's plays we feel that Shakespeare refined upon and brooded over his thoughts, Macbeth seems as if struck out at a heat and imagined from first to last with rapidity and power, and a subtlety of workmanship which has become instructive. The theme of the drama is the gradual ruin through yielding to evil within and evil without, of a man, who, though from the first tainted by base and ambitious thoughts, yet possessed elements in his nature of possible honor and loyalty. (792)
Typical of Shakespeare’s works, the play Macbeth has a protagonist who ultimately experiences a downfall that lead to his demise. The protagonist or tragic hero of this play is Macbeth, once brave and honorable, who eventually becomes tyrannical and feared by many due to what Abrams describes as his “hamartia” or “error of judgment or, as it is often…translated, his tragic flaw.” In this case, Macbeth’s tragic flaw proves to be ambition; however, he cannot be held solely responsible for his downfall. As a result of many outside influential factors, including the witches’ prophecies and a rather coaxing and persuasive wife, one should not hold Macbeth entirely culpable for his actions and tragic end.
Nostbakken, Faith. Understanding Macbeth: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1997.
The essence of Macbeth lies not only in the fact that it is written by the universal talent William Shakespeare; the royal-conspiracy, the political unethical activity, the killin...
I decided to analyze Act II, Scene II in MacBeth using Psychoanalysis. I have previously examined the passage using Marxism and Queer Theory, so I thought it might be beneficial to scrutinize the scene from yet another angle. However, I will also discuss another scenes, as well, in order to fully, yet briefly, demonstrate MacBeth’s two opposing psychological constructions.
Among the greatest gifts that the renaissance produced was the eloquent and incredible Shakespearean plays. Written mostly in the 1590s these plays have been performed and admired countless times; entertaining mass audiences by providing interesting tales that explore the depth of human insights and the different universal themes. Among the many Shakespearean plays Macbeth, written in 1606, stands out with its short composition but multiple themes. This tragedy narrates the tale of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s quest to grasp ultimate power by ignoring their morals and succumbing to their dark desires, which ultimately leads to their downfall. This tragic play portrays the desires, needs, and temptations that accompany ambition in men and women. However the ambition in Macbeth is blind, it does not abide to the morals, but it allows space for dark actions as means necessary for accomplishment. Blind ambition serves as the main driving force that drives Macbeth to subdue to his dark desires, defy his noble behavior, and ultimately his downfall.
William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, first published in 1606, is an endearing tale outlining the dangers of unchecked ambition and moral betrayal. In the subsequent centuries after first being performed, Macbeths critics have been divided upon whether Macbeth himself was irrevocably evil, or if he was guided by the manipulation and actions of the women in the play to his ultimate demise. Although Lady Macbeth and the witches were influential with their provocations in the opening acts, it is ultimately Macbeth’s inherent immorality and his vaulting ambition, that result in the tragic downfall. It was Macbeth’s desire for power that abolished his loyalty and trustworthiness and led him down a path of murder. It is evident through his actions and words
As with all great works of literature, William Shakespeare’s Macbeth has spawned countless essays concerning its interpretation. Two such essays, “Shakespearean Tragedy” and “General Macbeth,” produced by two eminent literary critics, A.C. Bradley and Mary McCarthy, find themselves in conflict. The essays’ respective authors diverge on subjective points such as interpretation of character, original intent, and meaning. Bradley’s Macbeth is courageous and encumbered by the dregs of guilt, while McCarthy’s version takes a less orthodox path.
Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” explores a fundamental struggle of the human conscience. The reader is transported into the journey of a man who recognizes and acknowledges evil but still succumbs to its destructive powers. The character of Macbeth is shrouded in ambiguity that scholars have claimed as both being a tyrant and tragic hero. Macbeth’s inner turmoil and anxieties that burden him throughout the entire play evoke sympathy and pity in the reader. Though he has the characteristics of an irredeemable tyrant, Macbeth realizes his mistakes and knows there is no redemption for his sins. And that is indeed tragic.
Macbeth is a play revolving around many key ideas observed in Shakespeare’s time with various messages communicated to the audience successfully, despite the lack of the cinematic effects present in today’s literature entertainment. The interweaved themes of immoral ambition and corruption are displayed throughout the text, unveiling the corruptive nature of one’s excessive greed for supremacy, affecting both themselves and others. This idea in Macbeth is successfully conveyed to the audience in Shakespeare’s time through the literary devices of characterisation, soliloquy and plot.
Works Cited:.. Shakespeare, William. The. Macbeth. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama.
In the early 1600’s, William Shakespeare penned an Aristotelian tragedy ‘Macbeth’ which provides his audiences both then and now with many valuable insights and perceptions into human nature. Shakespeare achieves this by cleverly employing many dramatic devices and themes within the character of ‘Macbeth’. Macbeth is depicted as an anti-hero; a noble protagonist with a tragic flaw that leads to his downfall. This tragic flaw of Macbeth’s, heavily laden with the themes of ‘fate or free will’, and ‘ambition’, is brought out by Shakespeare in his writing to present us with a character whose actions and final demise are, if not laudable, very recognisable as human failings.
This specific action consequently resulted in Macbeth’s level of morality to continually decline as he is acutely aware of his own tyranny. Therefore Macbeth attempts to forget the horrific deed he has committed and be the figure that orders and disorders. Our perception of Macbeth being a wise and loyal soldier is now eroded, as we start to view Macbeth constantly questioning his own actions, and is also impelled to perpetrate further atrocities with the intention of covering up his previous wrong-doings.
While the witches present in Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth assume the role of supernatural beings, it was not Shakespeare’s intent to portray a classic case of fatalism. On the contrary, Shakespeare used Macbeth as a way to display the idea of Renaissance humanism. Although the witches did in fact possess uncanny powers, they were in reality not controlling Macbeth, but rather they were tempting Macbeth to act in particular ways. The witches, as well as other significant characters, may have encouraged Macbeth to act in a certain way, yet they did not by any means determine Macbeth’s actions. By comparing the humanist movement and its values to the tragedy Macbeth, it becomes blatantly obvious that Macbeth was intended to demonstrate the basic humanistic qualities.