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Mental health problems in prisons essay
Paper on mental health in prisons in the us
Paper on mental health in prisons in the us
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Mental Health is something that millions of people struggle with daily, but find treatment and coping methods to help them get through it. However, incarcerated people do not have this ‘luxury’ of getting help with their mental illnesses. Mental health in prison is a very broad topic that encompasses many aspects. Because of the immensity of this topic, my group broke it down into treatments, social programs, sexual abuse to prison pipeline, pre-screening, and the effects of solitary confinement. I specifically tackled the sexual abuse to prison pipeline because it feeds many girls and women into the prison system. Having adequate treatment programs in prison is critical in order to help women become mentally stable, and according to Mental …show more content…
These rights include informed consent, screening, refusal of treatment, confidentiality, transferal, proper medicine, and more (Position 56 1). As these rights seem well stated and protective, they are rarely regarded within the prison walls. Along with treatments, there should be proper social programs in order for inmates to support those struggling. Examples of such programs include substance abuse peer groups, family bonding, faith groups, and educational programs. All of these programs can help instill a more positive outlook on life confined within the walls of prison. Prescreening is one of the rights that inmates should be given, but often do not receive. Prescreening is meant to consist of assessing mental and physical health by looking for substance abuse, illnesses and mental disorders and it is to be administered to each offender prior to entering an institution (Substance Abuse Treatment 1). Having this screening should prevent mentally unstable people from …show more content…
My understanding of this topic was deepened through reading The Sexual Abuse to Prison Pipeline: The Girls’ Story, as well as conducting an interview with Colleen Schmidt (my mom), who founded the Domestic Violence Unit and was a Domestic Violence Detective. The Girls’ Story discussed how “girls are disproportionately involved in the juvenile justice system for status offenses.” These status offenses are usually symptoms of abuse because they are means of survival and ineffective coping. I never fully understood how detrimental sexual abuse was to someone mentally in regards to PTSD and other mental illnesses. When talking with Ms. Schmidt she told me that as an investigator, her findings typically aligned with the fact that status offenses correlate with abuse. The interview with Ms. Schmidt and The Girls’ Story were parallel in regards to marginalized girls being the most likely to flow through the sexual abuse to prison pipeline and lasting mental
Today, prisons are the nation’s primary providers of mental health care, and some do a better job than others. Pete Earley focuses his research on the justice system in Miami, Florida. He documents how the city’s largest prison has only one goal for their mentally ill prisoners: that they do not kill themselves. The prison has no specialized
Solitary confinement has the ability to shatter even the healthiest mind when subjected to indefinite lockdown, yet the mentally ill, who are disproportionately represented in the overall prison population, make up the majority of inmates who are held in that indefinite lockdown. Within your average supermax prison in which all inmates are subjected to an elevated form of solitary confinement, inmates face a 23-hour lockdown, little to no form of mental or physical stimulation that is topped off with no human interaction beyond the occasional guard to inmate contact. It is no wonder ‘torture’ is often used synonymously to describe solitary confinement. For years, cases arguing against solitary confinement have contested against its inhumane
Jails as Mental Hospitals. A joint report of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill and
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of
The correctional system as a whole has a significant impact on the United States. Incarceration, sexual victimization, and segregation all have a relationship of sorts. Simply stated, it is the butterfly effect. The overpopulation throughout correctional facilities across the United States leaves more opportunity for inmates to encounter sexual victimized. Additionally, the number of people placed in segregation is higher because of the large population of inmates in prison. When one decision, action, or lack thereof, is implemented, there will either be positive or negative consequences. Statistics encompassing sexual victimization,
Project, A. N. (2012, July ). Know Your Rights: Medical, Dental, and Mental Health Care . Retrieved from ACLU National Prison Project: https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/know_your_rights_--_medical_mental_health_and_dental_july_2012.pdf
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world and of that over sixty percent of jail inmates reported having a mental health issue and 316,000 of them are severely mentally ill (Raphael & Stoll, 2013). Correctional facilities in the United States have become the primary mental health institutions today (Adams & Ferrandino, 2008). This imprisonment of the mentally ill in the United States has increased the incarceration rate and has left those individuals medically untreated and emotionally unstable while in jail and after being released. Better housing facilities, medical treatment and psychiatric counseling can be helpful in alleviating their illness as well as upon their release. This paper will explore the increasing incarceration rate of the mentally ill in the jails and prisons of the United States, the lack of medical services available to the mentally ill, the roles of the police, the correctional officers and the community and the revolving door phenomenon (Soderstrom, 2007). It will also review some of the existing and present policies that have been ineffective and present new policies that can be effective with the proper resources and training. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate that the criminalization of the mentally ill has become a public health problem and that our policy should focus more on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
Girls are three times as likely to have been sexually abused as boys (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996). Many female delinquents, an estimated 70 percent, report a history of sexual and physical abuse. Most often, abuse is perpetrated by family members or close family friends who are perceived as trusted adults (Davis, et al., 1997). This in turn leads to a young girl lacking one of the most basic needs which is trust.
Aside from children, women stand as a special population of interest for organizations engaged in social work because of their being identified as a vulnerable group. One particular subpopulation of this group, which are women who are in prison, can quite understandably raise concerns because they can be left overlooked accidentally or even purposefully because of the stigma associated with criminal liability. In relation to this, the following sections will provide a discussion on the history and context of sexual abuse of women in prison, as well as the background and outcomes of a chosen project. The concluding portion of the paper will provide a summary of the significant points made in the initial sections of the paper along with best practices and recommendations for improving the chosen project.
Thousands of people statewide are in prisons, all for different reasons. However, the amount of mental illness within prisons seems to go unaddressed and ignored throughout the country. This is a serious problem, and the therapy/rehabilitation that prison systems have do not always help those who are mentally ill. Prison involvement itself can contribute to increased suicide (Hills, Holly). One ‘therapy’ that has increased throughout the years has been the use of solitary confinement, which has many negative effects on the inmates.
According to Goomany & Dickinson (2015), there are many concerns that prison may not be an applicable setting for prisoners to be rehabilitated. Many prisoners have pre-existing mental health complications, and prison life can lead to deteriorating mental health issues, increased severity of the disease, and increased risk of prisoners harming themselves. In fact, mental health problems within the prison system are the leading cause of illness for prisoners. Scheyett, Parker, White, Davis, & Wohl (2010) states “A recent report by the United States Department of Health and Human Services indicates that an estimated fifty-six percent of state prison inmates had symptoms or recent history of a mental health problem; forty-seven percent of these reported three or more symptoms of major depression, compared with 7.9% of the general population of the United States” (p. 301). Research has shown that inmates that experience mental health issues are far higher than other prisoners in the general population to commit suicide during their first week of incarceration. Moschetti, Stadelmann, Wangmo, Holly, Bodenmann, Wasserfallen, & Gravier, (2015) comments that 35.1% of prisoners examined during a recent survey suffered from some form of mental disorder and among all inmates forty percent had at least one physical chronic health
Cauffman, E., Grisso, T., & Sickmund, M. Future of Children. (2009) Understanding the Female Offender, 18, 5. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from www.futureofchildren.org
Correctional psychologists are virtually clinical psychologists in a correctional setting. These professionals do their own, more intensive screening of an inmate’s mental health history and current mental health status. Based on their findings, they provide program recommendations, offer group and individual counseling, administer psychotropic medications, assess how each individual would be best managed. Additionally, correctional psychologists are on-call to handle emergency situations involving mentally ill inmates, such as hostage negotiations and crisis intervention. The treatment of mentally ill individuals in jails and prisons is a prominent concern that is becoming more so as more ill individuals are sentences to jail and prison stays. Currently, the United States correctional facilities are the largest provider of mental health services. (Reingle Gonzalez,et al
Putting prisoners in a bathroom-sized solitary-confinement cell for up to 23 hours a day without any meaningful human contact violates the rule of law and basic human dignity. It is unconstitutional, increases inmates' suffering and discriminates against offenders who are Indigenous or have mental-health issues (Sunny Dhillon,Solitary confinement violates charter right to life, liberty, security: lawyer, The Globe and Mail). Prisoners in solitary confinement have been seen to have demonstrated symptoms of anxiety, paranoia and claustrophobia. In some worse case they have demonstrated suicidal behaviours. Most prisoners who were put under such a punishment have tried to gain control over their surroundings by resorting to a self-destructive behavior (13 Most Valid Pros and Cons of Solitary Confinement, Connect Us). In fact, 1,594 of the 4,178 prisoners placed in segregation during a two-month period in Ontario reported mental health concerns. With overcrowding occuring frequently, most of these health concerns go unheard (Catherine Latimer, How We Created a Canadian Prison Crisis, The Star). Currently there are 100 dedicated professionals providing mental health support services to inmates at 23 provincial facilities and there are more officers being trained on how to deal with mental health issues in custody. However Monte Vieselmeyer, of the union representing correctional officer said “the training is badly inadequate, offering little guidance in how to deal with a mentally ill inmate in crisis.” (Evan Solomon, The Mental Health Crisis in Canadian Prisons, Macleans). The statement made by Vieselmeyer shows more need to be done because there are lives on stake, lives that could be saved if the officers surrounding the prisoners know what they are doing. There is already a small amount of mental health
It is most important to understand that children and teens of all racial, religious, ethnic, gender and age groups, at all socio-economic levels are sexually abused. Although there are risk factors that may increase the possibility of sexual abuse, sex abuse can be found in all types of families, communities, and cultures (The Scope of, 2016). Childhood sexual abuse is an important issue to address because the impact of sexual does not end when the abuse ends. Childhood trauma follows into adulthood and can have long-range effects. “Survivors of sexual abuse are at significantly greater risks for severe and chronic mental health issues, including alcoholism, depression, anxiety, PTSD and high risk behaviors” (The Scope Of, 2016). Victims may experience traumatic sexualization, or the shaping of their sexuality in “developmentally inappropriate” and “interpersonally dysfunctional” ways (Effects of Child, 2012). “A child who is the victim of prolonged sexual abuse usually develops low self-esteem, a feeling of worthlessness and an abnormal or distorted view of sex. The child may become withdrawn and mistrustful of adults, and can become suicidal” (Effects of Child, 2012). Overall, the effects and impact of childhood sexual abuse are long lasting and do not diminish when the abuse ends, their childhood trauma follows them into