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Gender roles in literaturetoday
Gender roles in Literature
Essay on Sexuality in Literature
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Sex and Dominance in The Ghost Road
Pat Barker's The Ghost Road is a masterful literary integration of sex and war. The novel's protagonist, the lascivious, bisexual Billy Prior once remarks: "Whole bloody western front's a wanker's paradise," a statement with far-reaching implications concerning aggression and eroticism (Barker 177). The novel concludes a successful trilogy, beginning with Regeneration (1991) and The Eye in the Door (1993). Winner of the prestigious Booker Prize Award in 1995, The Ghost Road delves into many standard Booker motifs, such as war, the British class system, memory, and childhood, but Barker revitalizes these worn subjects. With prostitutes, lecherous priests, and the naked body, she intersects the motifs of sex and dominance. Homoeroticism, pedophilia, and prostitution deepen the dark hues of her narrative, fleshing out what might otherwise have been a tired war novel. It is at the intersection of sex, dominance and gender that The Ghost Road earns its place among the Booker greats.
In the first scenes of the novel, Barker mixes militarism and homoeroticism. Just before entering the office of the medical examiner, Prior is passed by "a squad of men in singlets and shorts...bare thighs streaked with mud, steam rising from sweaty chests, glazed eyes, slack mouths, as they pounded and panted" (Barker 8). The sexualized body of the male soldier will return throughout the novel, especially as seen through the lustful eyes of our sexually ambiguous protagonist.
In the medical examining room, Doctor Mather immediately commands Prior: "drop your drawers. Bend over." Prior's internal monologue sarcastically remarks, "They always went for the arse, Prior thought,...
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Barker, Pat. The Eye In the Door. New York: Dutton, 1994
Norton, Rictor. My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries. San Francisco: Leyland, 1997.
Ribeiro, Alvaro. "The Booker Book: The Culture Of Prize Novels." http://www.georgetown.edu/users/belsera/booker/scholarship/ribeiro1.htm, December 16, 2001.
i[i] Italics added for emphasis.
ii[ii] "Cherry" 5c. Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition 1989. OED online 12 December 2001.
iii[iii] Booker prize blows her cover. Sunday Telegraph, 12 November 1995: 3.
iv[iv] As quoted by in a lecture on Sigmund Freud, available at http://www.bham.ac.uk/english/bibliography/CurrentCourses/Freud/FreudLecture.html, 12 December 2001.
v[v] Italics in original.
vi[vi] Norton, Rictor. My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries. San Francisco: Leyland, 1997.
The word "homosexual" seems to have come into the English language around 1869, introduced by a Hungarian named Benkert but not generally used by the British until the 1880s. Yet, according to Theo Aronson, there were other words used at that time to identify the love between the same gender. "Homogenic love," "similisexualism," and "Uranism" were apparently among the more common references to homosexuality.
Sanderson, Heather. "Robert And Taffler: Homosexuality And The Discourse Of Gender In Timothy Findley's The Wars." Textual Studies In Canada 8 (1996): 82-95. Literary Reference Center. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.
“Propaganda is ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated to help a cause, political leader, or a government” (Merriam-Webster). Squealer from Animal Farm is “a clever pig who could turn “black into white”. Throughout the novel, he serves as Napoleon’s mouthpiece and Minister of Propaganda” (Character Analysis Squealer 4). “Joseph Stalin is the dictator of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union is transformed from a pleasant society into an industrial and military superpower [society]” (Introduction 1). The role of propaganda is seen in both Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution through the similarities and differences. Manipulation of propaganda is the same between the two characters known as Squealer and Joseph Stalin. The purpose of propaganda is used by each character and their characteristic traits which influence how they display propaganda are viewed as differences.
Levant’s reconstruction of masculinity (1992) proposes to “attempt to inspire men to find the courage to undertake the ‘modern hero’s journey’ which is an inner pilgrimage, involving confrontation with one’s own emotional demons” (Levant, 1992, p. 232). Living in an time and location where homosexuality may not be fully accepted, Edward must find the means to first face his own emotions and come to terms with his masculinity in his homosexuality. Furthermore, he must be able to navigate discoveries of himself among his community. Edward’s inner conflict stems from a number of factors. Society’s view of gender roles and masculinity differs from what Edward’s view of his life is.
Murstein, Bernard I.. Love, sex, and marriage through the ages. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1974. Print.
Howell, James W. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, & Sexuality through History. Ed. William E. Burns. The Medieval Era ed. Vol. 2. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008. Print.
Though Germany demanded a general council following the excommunication of the German Reformation leader Martin Luther Pope Clement VII held back for fear of renewed attacks on his supremacy. France, too, preferred inaction, afraid of increasing German power. Clement's successor, Paul III, however, was convinced that Christian unity and effective church reform could come only through a council. After his first attempts were frustrated, he convoked a council at Trent (northern Italy), which opened on Dec. 13, 1545.which established the foundations of the Counter Reformation.
The epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem based on Mesopotamia. These documents were used to express the lifestyle of the people in Mesopotamia. Through this document, important information has been gained from them. It has provided an insight analysis of the past life of people in Mesopotamia. The poems have also outlined the way in which different people lived in the society. The poem highlights the difference between the city dwellers and those outside the city walls.
Astell, Mary. "A Reflections Upon Marriage." The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration And The Eighteen Century. Joseph Black [et all]. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2006. Print. Pages 297-301.
In our world today, we are lucky to know thousands and thousands of languages and their cultures. The first language ever recorded is Sumerian. This time period consists of 3300 to 3000 BC. During this time, records are purely logographic with not much dialectal content. Different cultures have many very different archetypes that clearly show what their their literature follows, and in Sumerian culture, the major archetype is the hero’s journey and its different stages. The Sumerians believed in their fair share of gods and supernatural forces and that reflects in their pieces of literature.In The Epic of Gilgamesh, which was translated by N.K. Sandars and based on Sumerian culture, the Sumerian hero Gilgamesh overcomes many stages of a hero’s journey when he begins his long quest to find immortality. Gilgamesh
Miller, Neil. Out of the Past/ Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. New
... decades ago. This book is one that will allow the reader to view many aspects of sexuality from a social standpoint, and apply it to certain social attitudes in our society today, these attitudes can range from the acceptance of lesbian and gays, and the common sight of sex before marriage and women equality. The new era of sexuality has taken a definite "transformation" as Giddens puts it, and as a society we are living in the world of change in which we must adapt, by accepting our society as a changing society, and not be naive and think all the rules of sexuality from our parents time our still in existence now.
...volution. The ruling Communist Party would then put the Marxism-Leninism ideology in motion through its ever-narrowing cultural policy as it attempted to put the Marxist ideas into practice with intent to create a new Soviet nation. One such method of achieving this nation was through the use of propaganda. However in the case of the Soviet Union, due to the fact that the ideology and policy's was inconsistent nature and was prone to changes, the propaganda apparatus within the Soviet Union took a much different role than historically traditional practices of propaganda. This role would see the ideology and cultural policy being used as the tool of the propaganda rather than vice-versa. Therefore the new relationship between soviet ideology and propaganda supports the claim that the practice of propaganda was in fact bigger than the ideology itself in Soviet Russia.
Most of the ancient civilizations that have peen present throughout history, produce artifacts, stories, poems or other forms of literature that we can learn from and are passed down from generation to generation. The Epic of Gilgamesh is one piece of literature that really takes us back in time and helps us dissect the events of its time. A poem which was written over four thousand years ago The Epic of Gilgamesh can be used as a true historical narration of the Mesopotamian culture. The discussion of religion and cultural aspects, which include their attitudes towards gods, death, heroes and also the social and political organizations, also allows us to not only see, but also feel the experiences of such events. The Epic of Gilgamesh portrays to its readers how rich the ancient Mesopotamian civilization actually was and helps us in figuring out what the true meaning of life is.
The Art of War is one of the most influential pieces of literature in history. It dates back to 5th century, BC. It was written by a chinese general Sun Tzu or »Master Sun«. It hasn 't been translated into another language until 1772, when France wanted to know what was the fuss about.