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Management of sepsis condition essay
Management of sepsis condition essay
Management of sepsis condition essay
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Clinical Practice Guide for Administration of Antibiotics in Sepsis: Part 2
References:
Angus, D., & van der Poll, T. (2013). Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. New England Journal Of Medicine, 369(9), 840-851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1208623
Avni, T., Lador, A., Lev, S., Leibovici, L., Paul, M., & Grossman, A. (2015). Vasopressors for the Treatment of Septic Shock: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0129305.
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Bibi, S., Chisti, M., Akram, F., & Pietroni, M. (2013). Ampicillin and Gentamicin Are a Useful First-line Combination for the Management of Sepsis in Under-five Children at an Urban Hospital in Bangladesh. Journal Of Health, Population And Nutrition,
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30(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v30i4.13418 Flores-Mireles, A., Walker, J., Caparon, M., & Hultgren, S. (2015). Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5), 269-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3432 Green, O., Murray, P., & Gea-Banacloche, J. (2008). Sepsis caused by Elizabethkingia miricola successfully treated with tigecycline and levofloxacin. Diagnostic Microbiology And Infectious Disease, 62(4), 430-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.07.015 Joynt, G.
(2001). The pharmacokinetics of once-daily dosing of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients. Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 47(4), 421-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.4.421
Juneja, D. (2012). Severe sepsis and septic shock in the elderly: An overview. World Journal Of Critical Care Medicine, 1(1), 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v1.i1.23
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Long, B., & Koyfman, A. (2017). Clinical Mimics: An Emergency Medicine–Focused Review of Sepsis Mimics. The Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 52(1), 34-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.07.102
Martin-Loeches, I., Levy, M., & Artigas, A. (2017). Management of severe sepsis: advances, challenges, and current status. Drug Design, Development And Therapy, 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s78757
Montull, B., Menéndez, R., Torres, A., Reyes, S., Méndez, R., & Zalacaín, R. et al. (2016). Predictors of Severe Sepsis among Patients Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. PLOS ONE, 11(1), e0145929.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145929 Najar, M., Saldanha, C., & Banday, K. (2009). Approach to urinary tract infections. Indian Journal Of Nephrology, 19(4), 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-4065.59333 Ordoñez, C., & Puyana, J. (2006). Management of Peritonitis in the Critically Ill Patient. Surgical Clinics Of North America, 86(6), 1323-1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2006.09.006 Sepsis Epidemiology - Australian Sepsis Network. (2018). Australian Sepsis Network. Retrieved 26 January 2018, from https://www.australiansepsisnetwork.net.au/healthcare-providers/sepsis-epidemiology Smyth, M., Brace-McDonnell, S., & Perkins, G. (2016). Impact of Prehospital Care on Outcomes in Sepsis: A Systematic Review. Western Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 17(4), 427-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2016.5.30172 Sterling, S., Miller, W., Pryor, J., Puskarich, M., & Jones, A. (2015). The Impact of Timing of Antibiotics on Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Critical Care Medicine, 43(9), 1907-1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001142 Weledji, E., & Ngowe, M. (2013). The challenge of intra-abdominal sepsis. International Journal Of Surgery, 11(4), 290-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.02.021 Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS), Clinical Practice guidelines (CPG): Medical/Sepsis, April 2016.
E. Coli 0157, written by Mary Heersink, is a nerve-racking, adrenaline-filled story of a mother's experience with a then unknown deadly bacteria. The book brings up many reactions in its readers, especially the questioning of the practice of doctors in hospitals. The reader's knowledge base of scientific procedures in emergency centers was widened as well as the knowledge of how to the human body reacts to different agents in its system.
Sepsis is defined as an exaggerated, overwhelming and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to an initially localised infection or tissue injury, which may lead to severe sepsis and septic shock if left untreated (Daniels, 2009; Robson & Daniels, 2013; Dellinger et al, 2013; Perman, Goyal & Gaieski, 2012; Vanzant & Schmelzer, 2011). Septic shock can be classified by acute circulatory failure as a result of massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability and decreased vascular resistance in the body, causing refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation. This leads to irreversible tissue ischaemia, end organ failure and ultimately, death (McClelland & Moxon, 2014; Sagy, Al-Qaqaa & Kim, 2013, Dellinger et al, 2013).
Antimicrobial therapy is the cornerstone sepsis treatment, and the therapeutic goal should be centered around administration of effective IV antibiotics within 60 minutes of septic shock or severe sepsis (without shock) recognition. The initial antimicrobial therapy should be empiric and focused on having activity against all expected pathogens (bacterial, fungal, viral), based on each individual patient situation. Daily reassessment of antimicrobial therapy should be performed, with de escalation in mind; procalcitonin levels can be of use to direct discontinuation in patients with no evidence of infection following initial septic
In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains to be a common and potentially serious complication of ventilator care often confronted within an intensive care unit (ICU). Ventilated and intubated patients present ICU physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists with the unique challenge to integrate evidence-informed practices surrounding the delivery of high quality care that will decrease its occurrence and frequency. Mechanical intubation negates effective cough reflexes and hampers mucociliary clearance of secretions, which cause leakage and microaspiration of virulent bacteria into the lungs. VAP is the most frequent cause of nosocomial infections and occurs within 48 hours of intubation. VAP is a major health care burden with its increased morbidity, mortality, longer ventilator days and hospital stay, and escalating health care cost.
Sayar S.,Turgut, S., Dogan, H., Ekici, A., Yurtsever, S., Dermirkan, F., Doruk, N., Tsdelen, B. (2009) Incidence of pressure ulcers in intensive care unit patients at risk according to the Waterlow scale and factors influencing the development of pressure ulcers. Journal of Clinical Nursing 18, 765-774.
Featherstone, P., Prytherch, D., Schmidt, P., Smith, G. (2010). ViEWS: towards a national early warning score for detecting adult inpatient deterioration. Resuscitation, 81(8), 932-937.
CLABSIs are not confined to one unit of nursing care and there are many precipitating factors that may contribute to the development of a CLABSI. Often times these lines are placed in emergent situations in the emergency department (ED) and there may be a break in sterile technique. However a study conducted by Smith, Egger, Franklin, Harbrecht, and Richardson (2011) found a higher incidence of CLABSIs among intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared to those patients whose CLs were placed either in the ED or operating room (OR). This indicates further education for ICU s...
Research by Hotchkiss, Monneret, & Payen’s (2013) has revealed that sepsis is an immunosuppressive disorder, therefore patients can benefit from immunostimulatory therapies used to treat those who have lowered immune systems. Accordingly, focusing on boosting the immune system has been shown to decrease mortality in patients (Hotchkiss et al. 2013). Hotchkiss et al. (2013) announces that while these statistics are encouraging, the mortality rate is still considered high and further research and techniques are needed in order to continue the downward trend. Hotchkiss et al. (2013) states that it is unclear why some patients survive sepsis and others do not recover. Until the true cause of death in sepsis is understood, the best course of action is prevention, early detection, and immune system support.
Imagine a rare, life-threating complication of a simple bacteria, causing many awful symptoms. One may have bleeding, bruising, diarrhea, and much more – all of which could resemble another aliment. However, with a simple culture that reveals one certain type of bacteria, one may be look at something much more serious. Toxic shock syndrome fittingly earns the name “syndrome” in its title as syndrome refers to “a disease that cause a variety of ailments” (1). As mentioned previously, toxic shock syndrome does just that. It may present itself with common symptoms, but a culture will reveal much more. Specifically, a culture will reveal the unnerving bacteria of none other than either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogens. Both of these bacterium cause what is known as toxic shock syndrome with the only difference in being their initial symptoms. Toxic shock syndrome has been documented to have been first recorded by the Greek physician Hippocrates who lived about 460-377 B.C. (1). However, toxic shock syndrome was questioned and remained a mystery for hundreds of years later. Toxic shock syndrome was thought to be “an obscure disease limited to a particular population of people in which the disease predictably appeared” (1). In the 1900s, toxic shock syndrome became a disease associated with trauma. This trauma may have been from car accidents, industrial mishaps, or even war injuries, but no one person could figure it out entirely. Annually, toxic shock syndrome affects _____.
Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are preventable and pose a threat to hospitals and patients; increasing the cost, nominally and physically, for both. Pneumonia makes up approximately 15% of all HAI and is the leading cause of nosocomial deaths. Pneumonia is most frequently caused by bacterial microorganisms reaching the lungs by way of aspiration, inhalation or the hematogenous spread of a primary infection. There are two categories of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP); Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Stress ulcers were first identified in 1970 by Skillman and Silen and reported as a clinical syndrome of lethal “stress ulceration” in a 7 out of 150 patients in intensive care (ICU). These reports showed superficial ulcers in the gastric fundus area of the stomach.1 Forty years later, Stress ulcers are still defined by distinct bleeding and interrupted circulation of blood to the fundus region. Skillman and
... patients with heart failure: Impact on patients. American Journal of Critical Care, 20(6), 431-442.
Secondary:Curtis, L. (2008). Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. Journal of Hospital Infection, 69(3), 204-219. Revised 01/20
“ Sepsis” according to the International Surviving Sepsis Campaign, is defined as the presence of infection together with systemic manifestations of infection (Dellinger et al., 2013) In todays modern society sepsis still accounts for 15% of maternal deaths a year worldwide (Dolea & Stein, 2003). Despite medical advances, aseptic technique, and antibiotic use, sepsis is the most common cause of direct maternal death in the UK. According to the CMACE report the maternal mortality rate increased from 0.85 deaths per 100,000 maternities in 2003–05 to 1.13 deaths in 2006–08 (Harper, 2011). Puerperal sepsis has a long history within obstetrics and midwifery, and yet despite this knowledge it has become, yet again, the leading cause of direct maternal death. Therefore due to the increased maternal mortality, I have chosen to focus on the care of a woman within ...