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Sensory integration therapy strategies
Sensory integration therapy strategies
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As shown, the overall efficacy of sensory integration therapies is a contentious issue. However, there are a number of studies documenting the positive changes that can accompany SI treatments. One study by Smith, Press, Koenig, and Kinnealey (2005) examines these changes in comparison with a control treatment. Smith et al. look into the role of SI therapies in reducing self-stimulating and self-injurious behaviors in children and adolescents with developmental delays and intellectual disability. For the purposes of the study, self-injurious and self-stimulating behaviors were grouped together, and defined as a repetitive behavior that serves no particular purpose, with the potential to cause harm to the individual. Examples of such behaviors include biting or hitting oneself, chewing objects, and making repetitive vocal sounds. …show more content…
Each participant was evaluated based on the self-stimulating behaviors they exhibited, and a corresponding, individualized treatment plan was developed. These SI treatments focused primarily on the tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular senses. As the study progressed, these treatments were continually modified based on the perceived desires of the participant and the preferred outcome. These modifications were made to optimize the sensory input of the participants, and to prevent any participant from being over- or under-stimulated. In comparison, the control therapies, referred to as tabletop activities, were less stimulating to the senses, yet still individualized based on specific educational goals. These activities included sorting objects based on shape and color, completing puzzles, and writing
The sudsy that wanted to examine the effectiveness of completion spelling assignment correctly using the IPAD as a reinforcement. The setting would be conducted at home, with a ten ear of client diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The dependent variable would be the completion of one homework assignment would be completing the given number of questions, and the independent variable would be the IPAD. The intervention would use the IPAD as a reinforcement to low the client to use when the client correctly solved the spelling questions. The behavior analysts determine that during the baseline was and average of three problems, then the intervention was set to five, seven, and ten in four consecutive sessions where criterion levels were met. The limitations could be that the reinforced us not used by other professionals and that generalization with other clients could may not be determined. However, it is appropriate ti use because spelling is already in the client repertoire, and provide a stepwise fashion
One branch of CAM is biofield therapies. Most biofield therapies share the same philosophy, but differ in respect of the hand positions adopted during the delivery process (Anderson & Taylor, 2012). In TT, the practitioner’s hands do not make actual physical contact with the patient.
... cited in Dorey et al., 2009). This large percentage indicates that extinction of these reinforcers could lead to a decrease in these behaviors. An earlier study supported this claim by conducting research with children with Autism engaging in SIBs. Hanley, Pizaaz, Fisher, and Maglieri (2005) developed a study with a young boy with Autism who engaged in SIBs. After a functional assessment, the researchers found that his behaviors had been maintained by tangibles and attention. Whenever the subject began producing maladaptive behaviors, his mother would present a toy and verbal attention in order to elicit calmness. Similar to the research completed by Dorey et al. (2009), the researchers extinguished this reinforcement and rewarded alternative positive behaviors. When this was carried out, the SIBs decreased and more acceptable forms of communication were utilized.
The criticism that sensory integration therapy faces is that there is not enough information resulting in a success rate. If there are no tangible results, why would parent’s waste time and money on this type of therapy is a question that the occupational therapy community faces. Sensory processing disorder has no real diagnosis as well, since there is such a broad spectrum. The symptoms of sensory processing disorder are also vague. This perplexing clinical concern is apparent to Zimmer, “It remains unclear whether children who present with findings described as sensory processing difficulties have an actual “disorder” of the sensory pathways of the brain or whether these deficits represent differences associated with other developmental and
The importance of SI invention is to help the child overcome sensory inversions to be able to successfully engage in his/her activities.
Common behaviors exhibited by individuals on the Autism Spectrum are labeled as disruptive and self injurious. Fortunately, these behaviors, that can be dangerous to the Autistic individual and others around them, can be managed with psychopharmacological treatment. Behaviors that often times fall under the category of common disruptive and self injurious behaviors, according to Ji, Capone and Kaufmann (2011), are irritability, impulsivity, having temper tantrums and yelling at inappropriate times. Physically aggressive behaviors, such as biting, scratching, kicking and hitting, are often times, more dangerous than some of the other behaviors exhibited. Physically aggressive behaviors are seen as more dangerous than other type of aggressive behaviors because they can harm someone, and in some instances cause fractures, sprains and in severe instances, can cause death. Bronsard, Botbol and Tordjman (2010) found after researching 74 Autistic children and Adolescence that the most prevalent aggressive behaviors are slapping, pinching, throwing objects, head butting, scratching, tearing, hair/scab/skin pulling, biting, kicking, poking and spitting. Along with physical aggression, individuals on the Autism Spectrum often times display self injurious behaviors. In the study, “Self-Injurious Behaviour in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability”, Richards, Oliver, Nelson and Moss (2012) studied 149 individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and found that the most common self injurious behaviors displayed are hitting ones-self with their own body, hitting themselves against objects/with objects, biting themselves, pulling/rubbing and scratching self and sodomizing themselves. Researches found that these behavi...
"Negative Reinforcement." Teaching Aids for Children with Special Needs. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.
Temple Grandin, a doctor in the field of animal sciences who suffers from Autism, once said, “People are always looking for that single magic bullet that will totally change everything. There is no single magic bullet.” Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. The Autism Spectrum can be split into many subtypes, including Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Development Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Starting from an age as young as infancy, symptoms of Autism may be conveyed. Repetitive behavior, any loss of speech or social skills, and attachment to parents are three of the many symptoms expressed by children with Autism (“What is Autism?”). In order to improve theses symptoms, many types of treatments have been established. First are the Behavior and Communication Approaches, which include Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), and different sorts of therapy. Other treatments include dietary approaches, medication, and Complimentary and Alternative treatments. Based on the developed treatments, the early intervention Behavior and Communication Approaches exhibit the most benefits to children diagnosed with autism.
Rojahn, J., Rowe, E. W., Kasdan, S., Moore, L., & van Ingen, D. L. (2011). Psychometric properties of the aberrant behavior checklist, the anxiety, depression and mood scale, the assessment of dual diagnosis and the social performance survey schedule in adults with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2309-2320. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.035.
In the research study, “Relax and Try This Instead: Abbreviated Habit Reversal for Maladaptive Self-Biting” done by Jones, Swearer and Friman, they found that the most effective treatment for self-biting is habit reversal. To show the success of habit reversal treatment they conducted a study on a fifteen year old boy, named Sam, who had been diagnosed with overanxious disorder and was severely biting his lips when...
Estimates of NSSI behaviors show that as many as 15-30% of adolescents in random community samples regularly engage, or have engaged, in these types of behaviors. These numbers show that this behavior, while disturbing, is by no means a rarity. Onset of NSSI behaviors has been shown to occur during adolescents, most commonly between 13 and 15 years of age. It has been shown that NSSI behaviors are slightly more common among females than in males during adolescence and females may also begin these behaviors at a younger age. This gender difference has not been noted in adults who engage in like behaviors. Girls are also more likely to partake in self cutting behaviors while boys are more likely to engage in self hitting and burning type behavior. Repetition of NSSI behavior is common, about 10–15% wit...
...n between the ages 1-5 showed some initial gains in cognitive and language functioning, which includes but not limited to communication, self-care, imitation, and play skills, and were placed in regular classroom settings. Although many strives have been made, some results suggest significant racial and ethnic disparities in the identification of children with ASD. There have been studies comparing behavioral approaches to general electric approached have found them to be lacking, but some of the programs were community based. When it comes to making treatment plans, some think that specific behavioral profiles may be useful in identifying which children are likely to respond to a particular treatment. While positive results have been made towards treatment, there are no ASD treatments that currently meet criteria for well-established empirical supported treatment.
Taste Smell Touch Kinesthesis Vestibular System Stimulus Neurons which break down the food chemicals in the air sensory body position in space Hair cells which delivers information to the brain. Receptors The taste buds in the located in the tongue. Cilia found in eukaryotic cell. Somesthetic Proprioception with movements in person body. Otolith organs found in the inner ear.
Creating a strategy to help strengthen fine motor skills of a young child who is developmentally delayed can be done by doing activities such as having the child mimic one’s own actions such as using the pincer grasp to pick up small pieces of food or otherwise which will help the child learn to hold a pencil when it comes time for that. Playing simple video games is another activity that strengthens these skills because the act of playing the video game promotes hand-eye coordination which improves the ability to use the small muscles of the hand to be able to work the remote control needed to play the game. In doing so the child is rewarded with accomplishing levels, which make the child want to keep practicing until the goals of the game are accomplished (Vanderbilt University,
This article looks at a new type of video game that is actually beneficial, in that it aides’ students with learning disabilities such as ADHD.