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Impact of cultural change
Impact of cultural change
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A few decades ago, an unusual cough or a painful headache resulted in an immediate visit to the doctor. Scared that their symptoms were associated with a terrible disease, people were unwilling to relieve their pain on their own or wait until it passes. However, today’s Americans are more autonomous and take the alternative route: self-diagnosis. With the advancement of technology, a simple search on healthcare websites like WebMD or a quick post on social media can offer immediate answers to the ill’s symptoms and treatment options. Since WebMD’s creation in 1996, self-diagnosing has become increasingly popular during these two decades. In a 2013 research done by Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, 59% of people search …show more content…
This, as a result, has caused many of them to seek other methods to receive health care and bypass physicians they believe are trustworthy. Soon after the creation of WebMD, anti-authoritarians discovered self-diagnosis which they viewed as a safer alternative. Giving users the independence to diagnose and treat illnesses, these health care websites eliminate the need to schedule an appointment with a doctor. As the anti-authoritarian culture becomes more prevalent in the American society today, members of the culture have also increased the number of self-diagnosis users. Stern reports that WebMD attracts more than 22.5 million monthly visitors and it is reasonable to assume that the majority of them are anti-authoritarians who have learned to distrust doctors because of their lack of resiliency and negative stories dominating media …show more content…
Diagnosis and treatment were once viewed as medical processes that required assistance from a professional doctor but has now changed into actions that can be easily completed independently. Not only has this new culture seemingly removed doctors from health care, but it has also exposed the doubt that Americans have on authorities. Today, authorities are not viewed as knowledgeable and helpful human beings, but are rather described as people who commit small, unforgiving mistakes and are capable of hurting others. The aggressive attitudes of anti-authoritarians have not made them seem more superior than authorities but has only given Americans a cowardly
The concepts discussed within the article regarding medicalization and changes within the field of medicine served to be new knowledge for me as the article addressed multiple different aspects regarding the growth of medicalization from a sociological standpoint. Furthermore, the article “The Shifting Engines of Medicalization” discussed the significant changes regarding medicalization that have evolved and are evidently practiced within the contemporary society today. For instance, changes have occurred within health policies, corporatized medicine, clinical freedom, authority and sovereignty exercised by physicians has reduced as other factors began to grow that gained importance within medical care (Conrad 4). Moreover, the article emphasized
People trust doctors to save lives. Everyday millions of Americans swallow pills prescribed by doctors to alleviate painful symptoms of conditions they may have. Others entrust their lives to doctors, with full trust that the doctors have the patient’s best interests in mind. In cases such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, the Crownsville Hospital of the Negro Insane, and Joseph Mengele’s Research, doctors did not take care of the patients but instead focused on their self-interest. Rebecca Skloot, in her contemporary nonfiction novel The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, uses logos to reveal corruption in the medical field in order to protect individuals in the future.
In the realm of medical ethics, there are many topics that are debated and discussed, but there is not necessarily one clear, correct answer. One of these topics is paternalism. Many questions are bandied back and forth: is it beneficial, should it be disallowed entirely, are there instances when paternalism is good and beneficial, and the list goes on. For each of these questions there have been authors who have provided their comments. One such author is Alan Goldman. He draws a very firm line on paternalism, simply put: medical paternalism is deleterious to a patient because it intrudes on their primary rights of liberty and autonomy. This paper is going to expound upon Goldman’s viewpoint in detail, going through point by point how he presents his argument. There will then be a critique of Goldman’s viewpoint that will counter his main points. The counterpoints will show Goldman’s views on paternalism are incorrect and should not be considered valid.
“When Doctors Make Mistakes” narrates an event where the author Atul Gawande, a doctor, made a mistake that cost a women her life. He relates that it is hard to talk about the mistakes that occurred with the patient's family lest it be brought up in court. In that instance the family and doctor are either wrong or right, there is no middle ground in a “black-and-white mortality case”(658). Even the most educated doctors make simple mistakes that hold immense consequences but can only speak about them with fellow doctors during a Morbidity and Mortality Conference.
will be referred to as ‘Peter’ in this essay which is in line with the
Caveat lector is a Latin phrase meaning, “let the reader beware.” Health information on the internet is growing at an alarming rate. However, some information on the internet is not accurate or current, and unfortunately, many web sites regarding healthcare offer misleading, incomplete, and incorrect information. Many consumers do not have the knowledge to judge and evaluate the quality of online information. This paper aims to discuss how the website WebMD presents information to readers. It will evaluate WebMD according to its source, where was the source obtained; type of funding, is it commercially funded or private; the validity and quality, how valid is the information and can it be verified; and privacy, is your personal information protected and how?
Alan Goldman argues that medical paternalism is unjustified except in very rare cases. He states that disregarding patient autonomy, forcing patients to undergo procedures, and withholding important information regarding diagnoses and medical procedures is morally wrong. Goldman argues that it is more important to allow patients to have the ability to make autonomous decisions with their health and what treatment options if any they want to pursue. He argues that medical professionals must respect patient autonomy regardless of the results that may or may not be beneficial to a patient’s health. I will both offer an objection and support Goldman’s argument. I will
Robertson, L. (2008). Who’s looking at your medical records? [Electronic version] Saturday Evening Post, 280.3, 54-92, Consumer Health Complete.
Peter Conrad’s book, The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders, examined several cases of human conditions, once viewed as normal, now considered as medical issues. Conrad defined this transition of human problems to disorders that are medically defined, studied, diagnosed and treated as “medicalization”. Specifically, Conrad discussed certain conditions, such as adult ADHD, as age related phenomena that have been medicalized. Throughout, Conrad demonstrated how these issues became medically defined because of the current research and financing structure of medicine in the United States. Those newly defined illnesses changed people’s perceptions and expectations of health and old age, thus dramatically altering society’s expectations of medicine and subsequent life quality. Conrad’s ethnography is a good example of the ethnomedical approach to medical anthropology that addressed several health conditions that are prominent in the United States. He culminated his book by arguing medicalization primarily serves as a form of social control, solving problems with individuals and not society. While the book clearly explained a wide range of negative causes and effects of medicalization, Conrad only acknowledged a few examples of successful resistance briefly in his last chapter. In order to empower its readers beyond education, the book should have examined these instances of anti-medicalization to find similarities and derive productive countermeasures for individuals to follow. Conrad thoroughly outlined the history, examples and influencing factors that promote medicalization, but failed to offer any combative solution to the resulting problems of medicalization.
Regina Geis is a ten-year old female who is diagnosed with celiac disease. No one in her immediate family has been diagnosed, including her parents and her younger sister. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease of the digestive system that is usually indicated by long-lasting inflammation in the small intestine that occurs when a protein from the plant called gluten, which is usually found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, is consumed, resulting in an interference of absorption of nutrients from food (Calvo, Soriano del Castillo, & Vinuesa, 2012.) Regina was diagnosed with celiac disease when she was five. After she was diagnosed, she was put on a gluten-free diet.
Medicine as a Form of Social Control This critique will examine the view that medicine is a form of social control. There are many theorists that have different opinions on this view. This critique will discuss each one and their different views. We live in a society where there is a complex division of labour and where enormous varieties of specialist healing roles are recognised.
With the explosive growth in the 1990s of managed care that were sold by health insurance companies, physicians were suddenly renamed “providers.” That began the deprofessionalization of medicine, and within a short time patient became “consumers” (The New York Times). The shifts in American medicine are clearly leading to physicians' losing power, which results in deprofessionalization. The subsequent deprofessionalization of physicians should not surprise Americans. Although many people spend time and effort evaluating the present state of medicine, they fail to integrate an important piece of information: physicians and sociologists predicted all of today's events more than ten years ago (Hensel, 1988).
Ivan’s main question, which is most likely all patient’s main question when feeling ill or diagnosed with something unsettling, involved understanding the severity of his situation. He continuously thought and asked, “was his condition serious or not?”15. Yet his doctors ignored his questions and only focused on medical aspects of his case. They seemed apathetic and indifferent, showing no sympathy towards the issue that their patient considered to be of vital importance. They spoke to Ivan with snobby attitudes, insinuating that they had all the answers. Ivan was forced to “translate all those vague, confusing scientific terms into simple language” in order to understand his condition, answer his questions, and explain his situation to his family16. The doctors’ use of elaborate medical jargon only indicated how intelligent they were. The fact that they were unable to adequately get their point across to their patient further cements that they were mediocre physicians. It seemed as if these doctors were unable to engage with their patient on a personal
Holding the victims responsible as the executor of their repression to plead the issue of the internalization of repression about which Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault, and many feminist theorists have written extensively, but however Haiken does not let any physicians off easily. Moreover, she demonstrates the extent to which medical history is embedded in broader cultural developments, as well as how deeply medical models of behavior, even in a specialty as advertised as plastic surgery, which has overpowered the thoughts of many Americans
"Society demands that the men who minister to its health be in the highest sense of the word professional men − professionally trained, professional in their ethics, professionally responsible. Society demands professional training and professional conduct of the men who minister to its needs in legal matters. The fact that society demands less of the men who minister through news to its knowledge and attitudes is one of the great and dangerous inconsistencies that give shape to the twentieth century (Schramm, 1947, p. 90)."