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Importance Of Earthquake
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What does a seismologist do?
The work of a seismologist is to study the vibrations of earth and earthquakes. They use tools like the ritcher scale, seismograph and the mercalli scale. These instruments measure the frequency of the waveforms made by earthquakes. Using these devices, they try to predict earthquakes before they happen, but they haven’t been successful yet, unlike most other animals. Seismologists also work with other professions in geology to do things like try to find areas where you can mine and make oil reserves. The work of a seismologist is very important to find out about our earthquakes, and one day we may be able to find out exactly when earthquakes are going to happen, then be able to save a lot of lives.
What impact do earthquakes and tsunamis have on people? The impact that these natural
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This can traumatize many people because they don’t know what happened to that family member. Tsunamis are even worse, as people can be pulled out to sea, very quickly. I think the best way to help these people who have lost someone to a tsunami or earthquake, is to help them try to find family, and rebuild homes, and donate blankets, food and clothes to these people.
Australia and earthquake proof buildings-
A lot of people die from the falling rubble of collapsed buildings when earthquakes occur, not the actual earthquakes themselves. Technology does exist to stop earthquake destroying cities. If technology likes this exists why do earthquakes still effect people the way they do? The problem is that the expenses are still very high. And what about the buildings that already exist? They will have to be rebuilt from scratch, so the engineering used can be put on place. There are two main ways that you can strengthen a building against earthquakes. You can make the building stronger, so the quakes don’t rock the
Before the San Francisco earthquake, not much was understood about earthquakes like how and where they occurred, or the destruction that could occur and the theory of plate tectonics was over a half-century away. Now scientists can answer the following questions: where a strong quake will likely happen, how probable it is, how intense it will be, how will the infrastructure fare, where to avoid building critical structures, and how do we design and build earthquake resistant structures. Scientists that flourished after this earthquake were Lawson, Reid and Gilbert but the most significant discovery is credited to Henry Fielding Reid, Professor of Geology at John Hopkins University. Most of the building structures that were destroyed or damaged were made out of wood. About 24,500 buildings out of the 28,000 buildings were built with wood structures and the other 3,500 buildings structures were made out of brick. With almost 90 percent of the structures being wood, fires and gas caused most of the
TOHOKU, Japan, Friday, Mar. 11 -Yesterday, a 9.0 magnitude Earthquake struck the east of Tohoku, Japan. The epicentre of the earthquake was located approximately 72 km east of Tohoku (38.3 degrees North latitude and 142.4 degrees East longitude), or 130 km east of Sendai as shown by the X in figure 3 below. The focus of the earthquake was 24.4 km under the epicentre. The earthquake therefore caused a tsunami due to the displacing of water above the Pacific Plate. The earthquake and tsunami together have caused approximately 20,000 deaths, 6152 injuries and 2500 people missing. Approximately 90% of these deaths were by drowning. Approximately 140,000 people have been displaced and over 500,000 buildings and structures have been destroyed or damaged. The early warning system of Japan stopped many bullet trains, and many residents received texted warnings of the earthquake and tsunami on their mobile phones giving them time to evacuate. Figures 1 and 2 show exactly how destructive the tsunami caused by the Tohoku Earthquake was.
Unfortunately, as the San Francisco Chronicle in 2006 reported that “there are still thousands of hostility rebuilt, unreinforced masonry buildings” that are build very close together with no fire resistance walls in between (John Galvin, 2007). Plus, the Association of Bay Area Governments stated that if a magnitude 7 and above earthquake a long the San Andreas Fault by San Francisco will affect the homes of many thousands of people forcing them to live in the streets once again (John Galvin, 2008). In the other hand, according to John Galvin article San Francisco’s water delivery system was improved and even though insurance companies loss a lot of money they paid out millions in claims.
How would you react if an earthquake caused you to lose your home, all of your belongings, and even your family? Many people lost everything they had, their family, their house, all their food, water and even some of their clothes. In a matter of seconds people have lost their lives by an earthquake, they didn’t even know would happen. In 1990 a magnitude-6 struck Bohol injuring 300 people and costing $154 million to repair the city. Bohol and Cebu were both severely damaged, ruining schools, houses, airports, and hospitals, which collapsed killing 18 people. There were very powerful aftershocks causing the city to be even more destroyed. People react to disasters caused by mother nature by gathering supplies, finding shelter, and relief efforts.
Boom! Crash! Sound echo everywhere. People scream all around you. A deadly 7.1 magnitude earthquake has just hit your town. On October 14, 2013 this happened in the Philippines (B-Essay). There were 3,512,281 affected individuals and 36,645 houses damaged (Doc. D). 39 roads and 18 bridges were in disrepair (Doc. D). People respond in certain ways after a natural disaster. They band together and react with Red Cross and government, Evacuation centers, and Gathering supplies.
Beginning with Chile, it affected the cities of Valdivia, Puerto Montt, Rio Negro, Temuco, to name a few. It also affected the coast of California, New Zealand, Australia and Kamchatka. This affected the people of Chile plenty. It is believed that most of the loss of life were caused by the tsunami. The earthquake affected by speeding up Earth’s rotation. It shorted earth days by 1.26 millionths of a second. It also shifted Earth’s figure axis by about three inches. While all this happen in 1960, it was a cause of the 2010 earthquake that occur in Chile. This time it was a magnitude of 8.8 and like I mentioned, all this occur from the earthquake in 1960. However, the diving tectonic plate at the epicenter of the 8.8 magnitude, helped to temporarily redistribute mass on Earth. Unfortunately, as every Earthquake, there is damages. $550 million damage in southern Chile. Different sources have estimated the monetary cost ranged from US$400 million to 800 million (or 2.9 to 5.8 billion in 2011 dollars, adjusted for inflation). Furthermore, besides the dollar amount in damages that was mentioned in this paper, the tsunamis played a factor on the
Tsunamis can go the same speed as a jetliner and that massive wave can out run the fastest runner. When there is a lot of waves at once, or the water goes back that is a sign that a tsunami is coming. If that tsunami is far then people need to get to the tallest and strongest building there is in the city that way they are safe and helicopter can pick them up. Tsunamis can wipe out an entire city or 1/4 of the country. Tsunamis can last up to an hour, or more.
Natural disasters are scary and cause some serious problems. Those problems may be short-term, such as small flood meaning new crops need to be planted. However, the same disaster can also bring some long-term problems too. A long-term problem cause by a flood could be needing to get out of debt because paying for somewhere to stay until repairs are done costs money, then paying for the repairs such as water damage and damaged furniture also costs money. There are also so many different natural disasters that can cause life-changing problems. Some natural disasters that cause horrifying damage are volcanoes, hurricane, tornadoes, tsunamis, floods and so many more. After reading the articles “Memories of the Flood” and “Hurricane Mitch” I
Earthquake’s can be very destructive in many ways. “Collapsing buildings claim by far the majority of lives, but the destruction is often compounded by mud slides, fires, floods, or tsunamis”(National Geographic par.3). They can kill one person up to one hundred thousand people. Loss of life can be avoided through emergency planning, education, and the construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake.
...ns also helped support the construction of four temporary hospitals and one permanent hospital and health care clinic. The [Japanese] Red Cross also helped people deal with their mental issues after the disaster by letting people talk to counselors who were trained in disaster-related trauma (Reliefweb). Which helped people who had PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder), depression, and anxiety cope with what was happening. At the end of the day the efforts of the Japanese Red Cross help alleviate the human suffering that happened as a result of the devastating tsunami that took over fifteen thousand lives.
The death toll climbs to over 10,000 and is still rising (Branigan 2). The disaster in Japan began without warning on Friday March 11, 2011 at 2:46pm with a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, the strongest ever recorded in the country (Fackler 3). A massive thirty-three foot high tsunami, generated by the earthquake, swept over lands in northern Japan, taking objects and debris with it. To make matters worse, the tsunami caused the cooling systems at several nuclear power plants to fail. The disaster in Japan was a tragic event, and it had a plethora of causes and effects.
Earthquakes are vibrations felt at the surface of the earth which are caused by disturbances of the energy in the earth's interior. These vibrations are known as seismic waves. (Skinner Robinson McVerry 1) There are different type sof seisimc waves such as Primary (P) waves, whcih travel the fastest, Secondary (S) waves which cause the earth to vibrate vertically, Surface (L) waves. P and S waves are "affected by changes in the density and the rigidity of the materials through which they pass." (Columbia Encyclopedia) Earthquakes vary in their intensity and duration. Often times they are strong enough to cause massive destriction. Tall buildings often suffer as a result of these natural disasters. In recent years this has become a larger and larger threat with both the number of large buildings, and their number of occupants increasing. In an effort to try to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes many some engineers focus primarily on designing and constructing earthquake resistant buildings. Earthquake engineers have gathered much of their information from analyzing past earthquakes, and learning which buildings can and can't withstand the tremors. The goals of these engineers is to design buildings that can withstand moderate earthquakes and obtain minimal damage, and that the buildings will not collapse lowering the probability of human deaths.
Earthquakes belong to the class of most disastrous natural hazards. They result in unexpected and tremendous earth movements. These movements results from dissemination of an enormous amount of intense energy in form of seismic waves which are detected by use of seismograms. The impact of earthquakes leaves behind several landmarks including: destruction of property, extensive disruption of services like sewer and water lines, loss of life, and causes instability in both economic and social components of the affected nation (Webcache 2).
If you live in an area that is at risk of having earthquakes it is important to take precautionary measures to protect your home and the people who live within it. One of the main reasons buildings collapse during earthquakes is because they aren't build structurally sound. If you have the ability to build or renovate your house then talk with architects about building
Taher, R. (2011). General recommendations for improved building practices in earthquake and hurricane prone areas. San Francisco, CA: Architecture for Humanity Retrieved from