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First wave feminism
Second wave of feminism paper
First wave feminism
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When women gained their right to vote after the passage of 19th amendment, which is well known as the first Wave of Feminism, the feminists’ political activities became less visible. The Second Wave of Feminism arises to question the gender inequality and domination of patriarchy in 1960s and 1970s along with rise of the Civil Right Movement and other social movements in seek of equality (Thomas West). The Second Wave of Feminism was a powerful political and social movement, which many see it as this era in America as ending in the early 1980s with the intra-feminism disputes of the “Feminist Sex Wars” over issues such as sexuality and pornography. Second Wave of Feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues, and established more equality and freedom for women in all walks of life and bettered their lives. …show more content…
Betty Freidan was one of the forerunners of the movement. Her book “The Feminine Mystique” was published in 1963; publishing her book was a pivotal moment in this movement because it gave women a new vision. Women were forced to look at their own lives more closely and they felt what Freidan observed. Women were unhappy and tired because of their limited options in their lives. Women were the “second sex”; they had no control over their lives, their bodies, and their decisions. Education and employment opportunities were confined to men, and all the decision making for them would be done by male
The “Feminine Mystique” is a highly influential book in the early second wave feminism movement. It is said that it helped shaped the demands of the second wave by insisting for the right to work outside the home, and to be paid equally; the right for reproductive freedom; the demand that women should not be expected to have children and be mothers if they do not want to. Betty Friedan addresses “the problem that has no name” which is the women who are highly educated, suburban housewives that are bored and want something “more” in their life. This is the point where women knew we needed a second wave. Women’s role had gone backwards and they were beginning to realize that they were all experiencing the same “problem that has no name”. “The
In the United States there have been three waves of women’s rights movements. The first movement was called the women’s right movement. This movement was mainly focused on white women and their right to vote as well as hold office. (Wood, p.62) The second movement was the women’s liberation movement, also known as radical feminism. This movement mainly impacted college students because college campuses were a great place for radical feminism to emerge. The radical feminists protested the Vietnam War and fought for civil rights. The women in this movement risked their lives and physical abuse just like the males did. (Wood, p.64) The third wave of feminism in the United States was known as third- wave feminism. In this movement woman with different ethnicities, abilities, disabilities, classes, appearances, sexual orientation and gender identities came together to fight for their rights as women. (Wood, p.74)
Whereas the women’s suffrage movements focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to equality, the feminist movements successfully addressed a broad range of other feminist issues. The first dealt primarily with voting rights and the latter dealt with inequalities such as equal pay and reproductive rights. Both movements made vast gains to the social and legal status of women. One reached its goals while the other continues to fight for women’s rights.
“Imagine living in a world where there is no domination, where females and males are not alike or even always equal, but where a vision of mutuality is the ethos shaping our interaction. Imagine living in a world where we can all be who we are, a world of peace and possibility.” (Feminism is for everybody, page 8). This particular quote from the assigned reading really spoke to me. How amazing would it be to live in a world where no one group dominates another, or more importantly no one group discriminates one another. Obviously, just as bell hooks’ said following this quote, the feminist movement cannot do all of this alone. There are so many other things going on in the world that need attention as well, such as racism, class exclusivity, and imperialism. Over the past few years I have become more informed on the feminist movement and the assigned reading only heightened my
In order to have a better understanding of this question, this week’s class focused on a couple of different readings that analyzed movements and the reason of their downfall. In their own way, these readings show why movements have failed and the reasoning behind it. The first reading that analyzes this question is “The Decline of the Women’s Movement” by Barbara Epstein. She focuses her analysis on the first and second wave feminism and the reasons they didn’t succeed. The First Wave movement mostly consisted of white middle class and upper class women and began during the abolitionist movement where women affiliated themselves with anti-slavery and anti-racism movements. When the Civil War ended and women weren’t extended suffrage, they abandoned their alliances with the blacks. This movement was then based on women’s suffrage and the right to vote. The problem this movement faced was, “First wave feminism also moved, over the course of its history, toward a narrowness of vision that isolated it from other progressive movements” (pg.377). Even though this movement changed many views in society, the reason they failed was because they pulled back their alliances. Not long after the second wave of feminism began and sexuality became their main goal along with a broader view concerning the workplace, family, and reproductive rights. Women focused their energy on passing the Equal Rights Amendment which would guarantee them social equality and the right to have freedom in the choices they make. “Radical feminists wanted gender equality in the workplace, and most liberal feminists wanted a more egalitarian society” ( pg.379). The second wave used a more of a rebellious approach; the radical feminists viewed patriarchy ...
Feminism is a group of movements and ideologies that have a common goal: the political, economic and social equality of the sexes ("Feminism," 2015). Historians have debated the origin of feminism (Rampton, 2015). Did it begin with the greek poetess Sappho? Or with the french author, Christine de Pizan, who is regarded as the the first woman to take up her pen in defense of her sex (Beauvoir, 1953, p. 105)? Women throughout history have challenged society's attitudes when it comes to the female gender and their contributions overtime have made a great impact for women all around the world today. It was around the eighteenth century when Mary Wollstonecraft, often distinguished as the first feminist philosopher, advocated for the same respect and rights for the female sex. However, it was not until the late nineteenth century, that the feminist movement, or rather a series of movements, emerged.
Throughout the waves of liberal feminism, there is a new characteristic to be associated with the feminist group. In the first waves, it’s white, married, wealthy women who fit the criteria to be a feminist. The first wave begins in 1900 and ends around 1920, during the times of the Suffragettes. This wave began to introduce the inequalities between men and women, especially relating to voting and education. The second wave began to rise in 1950 which introduced reproductive rights, entitlement to sex, marriage, jobs, social lives, and politics. This wave continued to the 1970’s. It’s not until the third wave, which hits in the 1990’s, when inequalities among women are introduced to the feminist movement (FYS Class Notes).
... setting up the basis for the second movement. After women began talking about the family economy during the first wave, the women were able to shift their focus to their personal careers and salaries during the second wave. Additionally, the first wave gave women the right to vote, but the second wave gave women more political power. Women distinguished themselves through their sexuality in the first wave, while the second wave helped women distinguish themselves through their strength. The achievements of the second feminist movement clearly had their roots in the first movement. Feminism is now entering its third wave. Regardless of whether the new feminists use an indirect approach, like the 1920s movement, or a direct approach, like the 1970s movement, American women will continue fighting for gender equality until the words “man” and “woman” both mean “human.”
The second feminist movement, which took place during the 1960s and 1970s, changed women’s rights and roles within society in the United States. There were multiple influences that motivated women to participate in gaining equal rights. Even though there were great things to come from the movement structures within were not as effective and more efforts could have been made. Women within the movement and the movement as a whole accomplished many goals in attaining equality but more might have been done. World War II and its affects heavily influenced the women’s movement decades later.
In the United States, the first wave of feminism began with the women's suffrage movement in 1848. With prominent figures like Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Margaret Sanger, it saw progress in women's reproductive rights and suffrage for all. However, its most notable contribution to gender equality came in 1920 with the ratification of the 19th amendment which gave women the right to vote.
The first wave was in the year of 1789 which was organised to promote women’s rights by the first group of which included a wide range of women directly after the French revolution. The revolution had been fought in the 1970s on the basis of equality and freedom for women; as a result of this many women had then formed clubs mainly in Paris and also in major cities. The main principal for these clubs was to form a meeting place for women; as a result of these meetings it caused the development of political programmes regarding many issues such as rights in education. (Quidlen, 2001) First Wave Feminist activism grew out of abolitionism, thus leading to the rise of a suffragist movement in which was to ensure that slavery was put to an end if they received the right to vote. (Giddens,
Beginning in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century women began to vocalize their opinions and desires for the right to vote. The Women’s Suffrage movement paved the way to the nineteenth Amendment in the United States Constitution that allowed women that right. The Women’s Suffrage movement started a movement for equal rights for women that has continued to propel equal opportunities for women throughout the country. The Women’s Liberation Movement has sparked better opportunities, demanded respect and pioneered the path for women entering in the workforce that was started by the right to vote and given momentum in the late 1950s.
The final decade of the 20th century yielded many changes as a result of the third-wave feminist movement. In 1993, the United Nations enacted the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women which called religious and cultural customs an excuse for gender-based violence (Goldscheid, 2008). In the early ‘90s, the Surgeon General referred to domestic violence as a threat to the health of Americans and in a similar move, the American Medical Association created a campaign targeted at ending domestic violence (Eisler, 1992). Taking its first formal stance on the issue, the outcry of the people lead the United States to pass the Violence Against Women Act in 1994.
The feminist movement helped earn women the right to vote, but even then, it wasn’t enough to get accepted into the workforce. They were given the strength to fight the journey for equality and social justice. There has been known to be three waves of feminism, each wave fighting for a different issue concerning women’s rights. Laws protecting sexual assault and alimony would be enacted, and women were now allowed custody of their children in divorce cases.
In the 19th century, there was an up rise in feminism for their social role in life. Women were expected to be an average house wife, to take orders from their husbands without questioning them. The woman did not have privileges such as right to vote, to be educated, be free spirited and hold jobs. They lived in patriarchal society where man made all the decision in the household and his wife followed them. The inequality between the genders created frustration amongst females, of which after a prolonged mental impact they revolted. It can be said that the ambition for women to fight for their rights sparked the feminist movement. This movement was based on set of viewpoints, political ideologies, cultural and moral beliefs where women felt compelled to obtain their given rights. The feminist movement was a multi-facet of waves, each of which left an impression to the issues in relation to social status, legal inequalities, and liberation.