Second Great Awakening Dbq

Sydney Anderson
APUSH 6th
Unit IV: 1825-1865
1. Second Great Awakening 1801
• The Second Great Awakening was a chain of religious revivals. The Awakening was based on the thought that salvation came from performing good deeds. These revivals were very popular among women, blacks, and Native Americans.
2. Tariff of Abominations 1828
• The Tariff of Abominations was a tariff passed that favored northern manufacturing more than southern agriculture. It raised taxes on wool, fur, and Liquor allowing northern manufactures to get more money for their products. This angered the south because the south then had to pay more for manufactured goods.
3. Underground Railroad 1830
• The Underground Railroad was a series of safe houses, meeting places, and passageways that were used to help

slaves run away from the slaveholding states to the north where blacks could be free. Harriet Tubman was a major contributor to helping slaves escape. Although these secret passages may have started earlier than 1830 the tern Underground Railroad began being used in the early 1830s.
4. William Lloyd Garrison/ Liberator 1831
• William Lloyd Garrison was an abolitionist. Garrison published a famous anti-slavery newspaper called the Liberator. The newspaper was in support of the emancipation of all slaves.
5. Worcester vs. Georgia 1832
• Worcester vs. Georgia was a Supreme Court case in which the court decides that Cherokee Indians were protected from state government actions that would affect the tribe. The laws of a state have no influence over Indian land.
6. Bank War 1832-1841
• The Bank war refers to the struggle between Andrew Jackson and the re-chartering of the Second Bank of the United States. Jacksonian Democrats believed the Back favored rich elites and therefore violated the constitution. Nicholas Biddle, the president of the Bank, was all for the re-charter. When the Bill to re-charter the back was presented to Jackson he vetoed it.
7. American Anti-Slavery Society 1833-1870
• The American Anti-Slavery Society was a Society created by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan in pursuit of abolitionist movements. The Group had many key leaders such as Fredrick Douglass and William Wells Brown.
8. De Tocqueville/ Democracy in America 1835
• Democracy in America is a French book written by Alexis de Tocqueville. Tocqueville observes the democratic revolution that has been occurring around him. Instead of studying the American Prison System like he was supposed to he examined the American Society.
9. Charles River Bridge Case 1837
• The State of Massachusetts had given the Charles River Bridge Company a charter to control a toll bridge. Later, the state allowed a competing bridge that would be free. The Charles River Bridge Company argued to the Supreme Court that they had a monopoly and therefore Massachusetts could not open the bridge. The Supreme Court ruled that the competing company was allowed because the charter did not specifically mention a monopoly.
10. Trail of Tears 1838
• The Trail of Tears was the trail in which Native American Cherokees took to Oklahoma after being forcibly removed from American lands. Many Cherokees died along the way.
11. Commonwealth vs. Hunt 1842
• Commonwealth vs. Hunt talks about early labor unions. Jeremiah Home was a member of the Boston Society of Journeymen Bootmakers. After violating the society’s rules he refused to pay the fine and then proceeded to bring up chargers of criminal conspiracy to the society when they attempted to fire him for not paying his fine. The Supreme Court ruled that the society was not a conspiracy because they did not use violence or illegal means to achieve their goal.
12. Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842
• The Webster-Ashburton Treaty resolved northern border issues between British colonies and upper America. The main issue was the border between Maine and New Brunswick. In addition the treaty banned all slave trade in the ocean.
13. Prigg vs. Pennsylvania 1842
• Prigg vs. Pennsylvania was a Supreme Court case that ruled that the Fugitive Slave Act overturned the Pennsylvania State law. The Pennsylvania State law protected blacks from being taken from Pennsylvania and put into slavery. As a result Prigg, who was returning a slave, was released of his conviction of breaking Pennsylvania state law.
14. Manifest Destiny 1845
• Manifest Destiny is “to spread and possess the whole of the continent…” as defined by John L. O’Sullivan. They wanted to spread across the United States and expand. The reasons for Manifest Destiny were that Americans were tempted by free land, the possibility of trade with the far east, and fear of foreign invasion into areas such as Oregon.
15. The Mexican American War 1846
• The Mexican American War caused by Mexico’s anger over the United States’ annexation of Texas, the instability of the Mexican government, and President Polk’s dive to expand the United States. Mexico and America were fighting over the Texas/Mexican border. They had different views on whether it should be the Nueces River of the Rio Grande. America provoked the Mexican Army into fighting. The war was ultimately settled with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
16. Wilmot Proviso 1846
• The Wilmot Proviso tried to ban slavery in all territory won in the Mexican-American War or in the future. It ultimately failed in the congress and fail in being but into the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
17. Irish Immigration 1846-1851
• The Irish began immigrating to America in1846. The Irish left Ireland to escape from the potato famine and find job opportunities. Many of the Irish ended up in the ghettos or settling out west.
18. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo settled the Mexican-American War. Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River, as well as California and New Mexico to the United States. In return the U.S. gave Mexico 15 million and agreed to pay the claims of American Citizens against Mexico. Mexico lost half its territory under this treaty.
19. Seneca Falls Convention 1848
• The Seneca Falls Convention was a convention concerning woman’s rights. It was the first convention of its kind. This convention is where Elizabeth Cady Station listed the discriminatory actions against women in the Declaration of Sentiment.
20. Mexican Cession 1848
• The Mexican Cession was the land that Mexico gave to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This land included California and New Mexico. Mexico ceded half of its territory to the United States.
21. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 1850
• The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was created in response to attempt to build Canals in Central America. A canal would mean being able to connect the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. America and Britain settled on that any canal built would be equally controlled by both nations and open to all other nations. Many thought this went against the Monroe Doctrine.
22. The Nashville Convention 1850
• The Nashville Convention was a meeting in which nine southern states to review the aspects of the Compromise of 1850. The states wanted a better Fugitive Slave Law and an extension of the Missouri compromise line to the Pacific Ocean. They eventually agreed to the compromise but the convention was gathering ideas for a southern confederacy as well.
23. Compromise of 1850
• The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a Free State, and Utah and Mexico territories were to decide about their slavery statuses. The Texas-new Mexico boundary was resolved, and the sale of Slaves was banned in Washington D.C., but slavery still continued.
24. Fugitive Slave Law 1850
• The Fugitive Slave Law was a law passed in 1850 that required people in Free States to help capture and return escaped slaves. This made it harder for runaway slaves to escape successfully because it was no longer just enough to make it to a free state you also had to make sure you weren’t caught by anyone in the state.
25. Maine Laws 1851
• The Maine Laws began the temperance movement. The temperance movement banned the sale, creation, and consumption of alcohol. These legislations were of the first ones to do so.
26. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The book instantly became a best seller. The book aimed to convey that slavery was not just a political contest, but a moral struggle.
27. Gadsden Purchase 1853
• The Gadsden Purchase was a strip of land bought from Mexico for 10 million dollars. The land was purchased for a railroad route. The land straightened the United States- Mexico boundary.
28. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
• The Kansas- Nebraska act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and allowed both territories to decide on whether they were to be slave states or Free states. The act established popular sovereignty (the idea settlers could vote to decide if they wanted slavery in their state or not). The act divided the nation and pointed it towards civil war. This counteracted the Missouri compromise and the compromise of 1850.
29. Ostend Manifesto 1854
• The Ostend Manifesto supported the U.S. capture of Cuba from Spain. Great Britain urged the U.S. to take Cuba if they had the power and Spain refused to sell it to them. They were afraid of a slave revolt occurring. The nation’s proposals ultimately failed and when word got out the nation claimed it was a “manifesto”.
30.

Bleeding Kansas 1854-1861
• Bleeding Kansas was the term used to represent the Border Wars in which violent outbreaks took place inside of Kansas. The fighting started due to the Kansas-Nebraska Act that allowed the state of Kansas to decide for itself to be a slave state or a free state. Clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters cause the violent outbreaks.
31. Sumner-Brooks Affair 1856
• The Sumner-Brooks Affair occurred while Charles Sumner was giving a speech to the Senate. Charles Sumner pin pointed Andrew Brooks for performing extreme abuse against the state of Kansas. Brooks, getting angry, then proceeded to hit Sumner with is cane. This severely injured Sumner.
32. Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857
• Dred Scott v. Sandford was a supreme court case in which Dred Scott, a slave, tried to sue for his freedom. Scott believed that because he had lived in a state where slavery was illegal he should be allowed freedom. The Supreme Court ruled against Scott saying that because he was from African ancestry he did not have U.S. citizenship and therefore could not bring the issue to court. The Supreme Court basically said that slaves were property.
33. Lecompton Constitution

1857
• The Lecompton Constitution was created by Kansas residents that supported slavery and the statehood of Kansas. The document protected slaveholding and contained a bill of rights that excluded blacks. This constitution added to the events leading up to the Civil War. The constitution was later rejected.
34. The Lincoln-Douglass Debates 1858
• The Lincoln-Douglass Debates aka “The Great Debates” were seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglass. Lincoln was the republican candidate and Stephen was the democratic candidate for the Illinois senate position. These debates foreshadowed the problems Lincoln would face after he is elected president in 1860. Some of the biggest issues were slavery and popular sovereignty. Lincoln made it look like Douglass supported slavery while Douglass accused Lincoln of being an abolitionist.
35. Freeport Doctrine 1858
• The Freeport Doctrine was brought up by Stephen Douglass during his debates with Lincoln. Douglass said that slavery could be absent in a territory if that territory did not pass any laws in favor of slavery, but if the territory supported slavery then slavery could exist. Many people contribute this to Douglass’s loss in the presidential election.
36. Hinton Helper/ Impending Crisis 1859
• Hinton Helper was against slavery and wrote the book The Impending Crisis of the South. The book was written to the non-slaveholding whites of the south. Helper argued that slavery financial hurt non-slaveholders, and was hindering the growth of the south. The book was popular among northerners against slavery.
37. Crittenden Compromise 1860
• The Crittenden Compromise was suggested by a Kentucky Senator. Its main goal was to resolve the U.S. secession crisis by reviewing issues that caused the slave states to consider secession. It guaranteed the permanent presence of slavery. The proposal was ultimately unsuccessful.
38. Trent Affair 1861
• The Trent Affair occurred during the Civil War. Two confederate diplomats (James Mason and John Slidell) were captured on a ship on their way to Great Britain. Britain then threatened war on America. In order to prevent the war President Lincoln released the two men and stated that the captain of the ship did not act with orders.
39. Homestead Act 1862
• The Homestead Act of 1862 opened up settlement in the west to Americans. Any American including freed slaves could ask for 160 free acres of land. 1.6 million people were approved for free western land in the upcoming years. The act remained in effect for the next 100 years.
40. Battle of Antietam 1862
• The Battle of Antietam was a battle that took place during the Civil War. Antietam was the bloodiest battle in a single day. The Battle was led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union general McClellan.
41. Morrill Land Grant 1862
• The Morrill Land Grant gave public land to states. In return the states would sell the land and use the money to set up public education systems and colleges. It ultimately led to an increase in education and higher education in America.
42. The National Banking Acts 1863 and 1864
• The National Banking Acts were two acts one passed in 1863 and one in 1864 that established National Banks as well as the United States National Banking System. The acts also supported a national currency. The acts had a lot of influence on today’s banking system and its cohesive banking policies.
43. The Emancipation Proclamation 1863
• The Emancipation Proclamation was a document delivered by Lincoln that freed slaves in Confederate States (any state that had seceded from the nation). The Proclamation did not apply to slaves in Border States. The Emancipation Proclamation caused many Confederate slaves to join the Union army. It also made it harder for the Confederate States to recapture runaway slaves.
44. Force Act 1870- 1875
• The Force Acts were four acts that were created to protect the constitutional rights given to blacks in the 14th and 15th amendments. These acts enforced consequences to anyone who tried to impede on black rights. Later Supreme Court cases ruled these acts were unconstitutional.