Schedules Of Reinforcement: The Four Theory Of Personality

This experiment was based on rats and pigeons and wanted B.F Skinner wanted to make them learn fast. Schedules of Reinforcement is how often a response happens from either a reinforcement or punishment. He used different schedules to figure out the best way. The two schedules used are: The first schedule is continuous reinforcement. This is when Reinforcement and punishment are giving all the time, instead of some of the time. The second schedule is partial reinforcement. This is when Reinforcement and punishment are given some of the time, instead of all the time. There are four types of partial reinforcement and this is focused on either ratio or interval. There are also fixed or variable, that are subtypes of ratio and schedules.

The four

Ego is keeping both the id and the superego satisfied, so balancing them out. Id is to satisfy psychological needs, known to be ‘the animal in you’. Superego is about being an ideal person, leading the person to strive to who they want to be. A metaphor commonly used is id is known to be the devil and the superego a angel. Carl Jung had the idea extroverts and introverts. A extrovert is the person who is confident and like talking or being in a group of people. Introverts are the opposite, they like being by themselves and think before talking, so it is worth listening to them.

Defence mechanisms for anxiety

This is the idea that when an ego is under threat, anxiety occurs. There are many defence mechanisms people use to help their anxieties, some common Defence mechanisms are denial, regression and suppression. Some real life examples of this are refusing to think you are fat, when you obsessively are. This Defence mechanism is denial(saying something that you know is not true. Another example is getting really angry and throwing things around. This is regression(going back to things you did in your childhood). All of these examples relate back to what you do when your ego is under attack.

Main Defence Mechanisms