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Analysis of outliers
Summary about outliers introduction
Essay on outliers
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less than the original numbers because the outliers are removed. Therefore, there is less spread in the data. The interquartile range of the total cost per year decreased to 20045 while the interquartile range of the salary yardstick became 11900 after the removal of outliers. This means that the Q1 and Q3 value are closer to one another than before. This is attributed to the removal of the outliers which reduces the spread. Then, a scatterplot was formed with the data (Figure 3). It was a crucial graph as it helped determine the outliers in the information (see Appendix D for the outlier chart). Some of these outliers were located in towns with really low population numbers (the average population for an American city or town is around 20000) …show more content…
For instance, one of the main external variables that increases both tuition cost and salary yardstick is the career chosen (see Appendix H for a list of references). The reason this relationship is not a cause-and-effect is because a higher tuition cost does not necessarily cause a higher salary yardstick. If a new university was to open up and charge tuition costs higher than Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, that does not guarantee that their graduates will earn more money in their careers. The other factor, mentioned above, is more likely to affect the salary yardstick than the total cost per year. The specialized field of a graduate can increase both tuition cost and the salary yardstick because some fields earn more money than others. In addition, the extraneous variables are the location of the school, the experience opportunities, the family or social connections they have, and the support provided for any related certifications. The location of the school can affect the tuition costs because of the local economy which also influences the salary yardstick. If the local economy is suffering, there are fewer jobs offered so the tuition cost of the school will decrease in order to adjust and the salary yardstick will also decrease because businesses are not as willing to pay high salaries. The experience opportunities, such as schools with co-op, tend to be higher in tuition but the extra experience allows for graduates to find higher paying jobs as they have job experience (see Appendix H for
One Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper Do Major League Baseball teams with higher salaries win more frequently than other teams? Although many people believe that the larger payroll budgets win games, which point does vary, depending on the situation. "performances by individual players vary quite a bit from year to year, preventing owners from guaranteeing success on the field. Team spending is certainly a component in winning, but no team can buy a championship."
Thousands of people end up enrolling in college after they graduate from high school. Most of them want to further their education so they can make something out of themselves. It is a common idea among many, that college will end up increasing one’s average income. In the article, The College Payoff Illusion, by Edwin S. Rubenstein, he wrote that “In 1997, college graduates earned an average of $40,508 versus just $23,970 for non-college graduates”. The statistic shows that graduates are making more but does it have more to do with their college degree or their personality?
In his article “ Is College a Sucker Bet? ” Dave Maney (2013) is concerned that colleges value is lowering due to our era being “ A world of internet-enabled ”. The cost of college is still rising, but is it truly worth paying for due to internet savvy users decreasing the value and advantages that a college educated graduate would usually have. It then start to say that those with college degrees usually make higher incomes, but whenever the topic is brought up it is always met with an argument, but today it still is proven that those with college degrees earn more money. “ Just because statistics show that those with a degree earn more than those without doesn’t mean the acquisition of a college degree causes the difference”. That just means there is a connection.
Vedder explains that universities in general believe that they can raise the price of tuition because due to the increasing amount of government aid to education, most notably student loans, the families haven’t been too concerned with the rising cost of education. He claims that there is a vicious circle in regards to university financing. In the first year, the tuition would be increased and to deal with the political pressure that comes with it, Congress makes student loans more accessible and affordable. As a result of this, the demand for education becomes greater and as such, the colleges are then able to raise prices again which would result in more political pressure and thus, more affordable loans. In order to deal with this growing problem, Vedder believes that the best way to do that would be to simply stop allowing these third parties to give more money when the tuition increases. By doing this, it would make the student more aware of the price of tuition, thus not as likely to enroll at a university with a relatively high cost of tuition.
Scatter plots are similar to line graphs in that they both use horizontal and vertical axes to plot data points. The closer the data aims to making a straight line, the higher the correlation between the two variables, or the stronger the relationship(MSTE,n.d) The scatter plot above does not have a straight line formation, so that showing that there is not a strong relationship between the two variables of GPA and final.
Next this information was then turned into a box and wicker plot for more in-depth interrogation of the data.
The skyrocketing price of college tuition is causing a tremendous concern over whether higher education will be a viable financial concept to the average citizen over the next decades. Some families have opted to explore different means of obtaining a higher education for their children as these costs escalate. There is overwhelming evidence that colleges need to restructure the way they are run because tuition prices are increasing at a rapid rate causing changes in the way students fund their education and in the way the government provides educational subsidies.
Tuition is the cost to take classes at a college or university and is the most expensive part of a college education as it makes up 60 % of the overall price tag (Bashkar and Gopalan). Tuition has become increasingly more expensive over the years and has increased by nearly 500% since 1986, which is far more than inflation or tuition (Willie). The question is, why has there been such a mas...
Ms. Jennifer Fontaine does not support the idea that athletes are overpaid. Ms. Fontaine suggests that athletes who are superior in their skills and talents associated with their respective sport should be duly compensated. Ms. Fontaine also states that the money earned by these athletes is justified because professional athletes work harder than people in almost any other profession. Last, it is her premise that the money earned by these highly talented athletes help to cover the high costs of medical treatment for serious, if not life-long, injuries such as knee, back/spinal, and head injuries.
Over the past decade, politicians have sought to reform the national poverty levels by lobbying for what is frequently referred to as a living wage. Living wages, on the most elementary level, are the absolute minimum a person must make per year or per hour to stay above the federal poverty level. While the number of people that receive living wages is still small, Wood (2002) suggests that this is a trend that is gaining momentum across the United States because it may help reduce employee turnover and increase worker productivity.
How does the rising cost of college tuition affect us? Every year thousands of students attend a college or university, usually of their choice, with the goal of achieving a higher education and to better their future. The cost of attending college is too high and it needs to go down; there needs to be more scholarship and grant opportunities. The high cost of attending college is a major reason that students aren’t able to achieve higher education; others take this as a challenge and it is motivation for them to work harder to achieve their goal. One might ask why would someone want to spend money to receive more education and miss out on more years of work that they could’ve performed? For many, it is so they can receive more salary for the jobs that they will have later in life, also so that they can get training for their wanted career. The cost of attending college is high and continues to rise without indications of decreasing. The rising cost has many benefits such as earning more pay, but it also has its disadvantages such as the debt that is accumulated from student loans. Not everyone can afford to drop down thousands of dollars and attend school for a few more years. Students who wish to receive a post-secondary education must decide whether it is the right choice for them depending on their financial standpoint, meaning that they must decide if they have the resources to further their education.
The cost of college varies on where someone goes, but if you want to get the best possible job after graduating college, then people may have to go to the more expensive colleges; sometimes the better colleges are also out of state which will increase the cost even more for the student. (Research about cost of college through the country here) That’s not even thinking about graduate school that may be required for certain jobs.
[5] Colin Drury, Management and Costing Accounting, (7th edition), Chapter 17, Standard costing and variance analysis, p. 425-436
In today’s society many will argue whether or not professional athletes are overpaid. In the present time athletes are being paid phenomenally large amounts of money for their entertainment. It is my claim that all professional athletes are overpaid because they do not offer society an essential function that improves or enhances our world in comparison to other professionals such as medical doctors, lawyers, and teachers. Society does not value entertainment enough to warrant such high salaries such as those of many professional athletes. There is no reason that these athletes should demand these tremendous amounts of money. This is why you have to put into question their reasoning for demanding such high salaries.
The basic economic relationship behind demand and price, is as price increases the demand on a product reduces (Frank 4). This relationship depicts rational human beings interacting in the marketplace (Frank 4). The product that colleges produce are degrees and educated alumni. The price of colleges have skyrocketed in the last decade by a whopping seventy percent (Frizell). The reaction to the increase in price of college, hasn't reduced the demand, in fact it has increased (Frizell). So, does this mean that somewhere along the line have americans become irrational in their economic decisions or has the value of a college education match the rising prices. Sadly, enough the value of a college degree in the current american economy is worth the cost. The foremost reason is the return in income and standard of living enjoyed by college graduates in general (Webber). Another reason is the greater benefit the country, America, gains from having more of it citizens educated at a the college level. The impact economically, and socially can only uplift the American society to new heights.