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Japanese modernization
Meiji restoration and modernization of japan
Introduction of meiji restoration
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Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, there was an abundance of essential reformations taking place all over the world. Two of the most significant reformations took place in the countries of Japan and Russia. Peter the Great was the leader of the Russian Reformation while the Meiji Emperor was the initiator of the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Both of these reformations had a number of similarities as well as several distinct differences. The most significant similarities between Japan and the Russia were that they both concentrated on improving their education systems as well as developing their economies by increasing their manufacturing industries( ). On the other hand, the most notable differences between the Russian and Japan Reformations were that Peter the Great’s goal was to gain control over as much territory as possible, while the Meiji Emperor mainly focused on ____________ . Not to mention, the Japanese ________, Contrary to the Reformation in Russia, the Japanese focused on
Both the Japanese and the Russians agreed on the fact that if they wanted to make significant advances in their countries it was vital for them to better educate their citizens. Because of this, both countries placed a substantial emphasis on the importance of improving their education systems. They were willing to take the necessary precautions in order to make significant advancements and become dominating world powers. Of course, both countries knew that the intelligence of their citizens and the success of their country were two aspects that were directly correlated. Peter the Great mainly focused on educating the noble, while the Meiji Emperor was concerned about the education of all of his citizens(62)(197). The Meiji administ...
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...their own career path and destiny for their life.(197) This was a (new concept)** during that time period because the lower class was not always granted the same opportunities as the upper class. (197) The Meiji restoration also introduced the idea of a democratic form of government, rather than a dictatorship.(197) They actually began to give citizens a voice in government, which was an entirely new concept to the Japanese.(197) Not only were the Japanese beginning to gain more rights, but they were also beginning to accept ideas that were once looked down upon(would have never been considered), such as sports(201). The rise of baseball became really popular during the Meiji Restoration as well.(201) Overall the Meiji Restoration was a major advancement in the Japan society and it symbolized the renewal of the Japanese people and a new Japanese government.
Tokugawa Japan and the Ming Dynasty are both very similar. For centuries Japan and China have shared their differences through their customs and traditions, but also share commonly a few similarities.They both share a unique history whether it’s technology, uniform or how they constructed their country to what it is today. There will be comparing and contrasting between Tokugawa Japan and the Ming dynasty, which through this essay marking the key topics of government, economy and religion.
Works Cited Pearson Education. "Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West." Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West? Pearson Education, 2010. http://www.pairsoneducation.com/p Web.
The goals of the Meiji Restoration included dismantling of the old feudal regime and the creation of a nation-state capable of standing equal among Western powers, including the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the Unites States. The leaders of the Meiji Restoration were mostly young samurai motivated by increasing domestic problems and threats of foreign intrusion. Saigō Takamori was also an influential leader in the Meiji Restoration. He was responsible for leading several rebellions against the government in companionship with samurai warriors and peasants who distrusted the new regime. The citizens of Japan were also, arguably, influential leaders of the Meiji restoration. Under their pressure to insist on the creation of a constitutional government, the government formed a Cabinet system in 1885 and in 1886 began developing the Constitution, which would be presented as a gift from the emperor to the people in 1889 and established a bicameral parliament. Revolutionary tactics from the Meiji Restoration included the development of transportation and communication. Railroads were built, telegraphs connecting major cities, and the institution of a European-style banking system developed. We can clearly recognize differences between the revolutionary tactics of the Meiji Restoration to those in the Mexican Revolution and those in the
Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985. Print. The. Hall, John. The Whitney.
The political, economic, and religious roles of women in Japan and Western Europe provide evidence of similar and different characteristics. Politically, there were numerous female empresses in Japan while in Western Europe, women could rule as solitarily rulers and regents. Economically, women in both locations could be involved in the merchant class and work with necessities but women in Western Europe were better all around and could inherit land while Japanese women could not. Religiously, there have been religious role models in Japan and Europe but given the opportunity to become a nun; women in Europe had a better religious life. Collectively, women in Western Europe could be considered better than those in Japan regarding religious rights, political roles, and economic engagement.
In the middle of the 19th century, despite a few similarities between the initial responses of China and Japan to the West, they later diverged; which ultimately affected and influenced the modernizing development of both countries. At first, both of the Asian nations rejected the ideas which the West had brought upon them, and therefore went through a time period of self-imposed isolation. However, the demands that were soon set by Western imperialism forced them, though in different ways, to reconsider. And, by the end of the 19th century both China and Japan had introduced ‘westernizing’ reforms. China’s aim was to use modern means to retain and preserve their traditional Confucian culture. Whereas Japan, on the other hand, began to successfully mimic Western technology as it pursued modernization, and thus underwent an astounding social upheaval. Hence, by the year 1920, Japan was recognized as one of the world’s superpowers, whereas China was on the edge of anarchy.
The protestant reformation of 16th century had both: immediate and long term effects. Thus, we can see that it was a revolution of understanding the essence of religion, and of what God is. The protestant reformation is said to a religious movement. However, it also influenced the economical, political and social life of people. The most global, short term effect of the reformation was the reevaluation of beliefs, and, as a result, the loss of authority of the Holy Roman Empire. The long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papacy, thus the reevaluation of people’s view on the church and life values.
as well.8 The Meiji period was an important part of Japan's changing western ways. After World War II, Japan changed forever. With the Atomic bomb physically destroying their cities, and their defeat destroying their. imperialistic mentality, Japan was deeply wounded. Japan lost the respect of the world during the war and few people felt sorry for them....
The United States and Russia have been battling off pernicious factions menacing the stability of their democracies over the years. Russia has come a long way over the past century, enduring a number of different phases that have completely desecrated any power Russia may have had paralleled to the rest of the world. The United States, however, has been evolving into a prosperous world power that has led to new respect from many other nations. Both Russia and the United States have struggled in the past at maintaining a significant amount of cultural commitment to preservation of specific aspects of their respective democracies. Having a relatively new democracy, Russian citizens have different perceptions and expectations of government from those of United States citizens. With new liberties and freedoms, Russians are struggling to grasp the concept of capitalism and participation in government. In order to preserve strong features of democracy, such as the right to vote or freedom of speech, a country's constituents must respect and positively view their government. They must have faith in that the government is working for their best interests. Physically, the United States and Russia have been impacted greatly by their geography. Historically, the backgrounds of Russia and the United States are of stark contrast. Traditionally, Russians have a difficult time believing in the stability of their government as it has changed a number of times. Geography has had a profound influence on the Russian psyche. Russia is a land that lies open to invasion and the elements, for it possesses no major natural barriers. In the southeast, there are great plains that allow easy entrance to any would-be conquero...
INTRODUCTION : a brief overview of the current situation regarding the security issue in the Pacific region
The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and social geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would have been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the development of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of Renaissance ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe.
This period lasted through the reign of the Meiji Emperor (Pictured right). At the start of his reign, Japan had a weak military, the main industry being agriculture, and almost no technological advancement. By the time of the death of the emperor in 1912, Japan had a centralised, bureaucratic government, a constitution with an elected parliament, well-developed transport and communication systems, a highly educated population, a rapidly growing industrial sector based on the latest technology and a powerful army and navy. This rise in power scared several European powers and established the Japanese as an unwanted equal of the European powers. With this change in government and social thinking, the Japanese themselves gained personal public freedom from the feudal ways of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The first event that started the Meiji restoration was one that was oppressive but set for...
In the Meiji period, the government treated the West as “modernization” and “civilization” because of the idea of “systems of representation”, which normally comes out a set of urban equals to developed, developed equals to “western”; in contrast, non-industrial equals to rural, rural equals to under-developed, under-developed equals to “non-western”. Therefore, the Meiji government treated “modernization” as “westernization”, and followed the idea of “Goodbye Asia (Datsu-a)” from Fukuzawa Yukichi of an anonymous “Pan-Asianism” editorial in 1885, that encouraged Japan to leave from the “barbarians” of China and Korea, and enter the civilized West, to carry out the civilization movement (bummei kaika) in the Meiji Restoration. The Meiji government also carried out the Iwakura Mission in 1871, to send the government leaders to the U.S. and Europe and study the Western system, in order to transform the politics, society, economy, and culture of Japan, to achieve the goal of “modernization”. For example, the political westernization of changing Han system to prefecture system and changing conscription policy. The economic westernization of changing taxation policies which paid with money and based on income, instead of koku and rice-centric economic system, and the industrialization of economic industries, such as textile
This way the subjects of Japan can give their input to the government without punishment, unlike how it was with the military-style of government. Their second goal was for “all classes, high and low, shall unite in vigorously carrying out the administration of affairs of state.” The revolutionaries believed in equality and wanted all classes to integrate unlike how it was during the Tokugawa rule where none of the classes could mix. The Meiji Restoration’s third major goal was to make sure that “the common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall each be allowed to pursue his own calling so that there may be no discontent.” This means that any person, no matter what social class they are in can attempt to have any job that they want.
...high power status, Japan had to have a self-reliant industrial common ground and be able to move all human and material resources (S,195). Through the Shogun Revolution of 1868, the abolition of Feudalism in 1871, the activation of the national army in 1873, and the assembly of parliament in 1889, the political system of Japan became westernized (Q,3). Local Labor and commercial assistance from the United States and Europe allowed Japan’s industry to bloom into a developed, modern, industrial nation (Q,3). As a consequence production surplus, and food shortage followed (Q,3). Because of how much it relied on aid of western powers, Japan’s strategic position became especially weak. In an attempt to break off slightly from the aid of the west Japanese leaders believed that it would be essential for Japan to expand beyond its borders to obtain necessary raw materials.