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Case concerning rule of law
Case of rule of law
Case of rule of law
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The Rule of Law appears to be one of the single most important features of Canadian society―perhaps even in all of modern society. The very idea that criminal and civil penalties fall equally across the populace without regard to distinctions such as social class is one that is held highly, with one example being its place as a constitutional amendment in the United States. While this global adoption is a contemporary addition to humanity’s norms, with it beginning in England and spreading through colonialism, Rule of Law has taken to root surprisingly well. It is therefore disheartening that this esteemed cornerstone is subject to such rampant hypocrisy, even in the heart(s) of the so-called ‘Western World’. Despite the Equal Protection Clause
of the 14th Amendment, police and sentencing in the United States disproportionately investigates, charges, and convicts Persons of Colour and the poor. In Canada, there remains widespread use of solitary confinement and indefinite detention, exemplified with Omar Khadr, who was never charged despite being held for over ten years―a situation that the Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper, remains affirmatively unapologetic about. Even the birthplace of the Rule of Law is not exempt from this tradition of hypocrisy, as the case of John Bingham (where the investigation into a murder was hampered due to Bingham’s position as a member of the aristocracy). If society is to truly be held to the Rule of Law, it cannot continue to be treated by officials in such a hypocritical manner. After all, if people lose faith in the institution of law, then one has failed to make law altogether.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has long been the legal document that protects Canadian citizens from infringements made by unscrupulous politicians and legislators. However, there are questions explored about the Sections of the Charter and in those of Section 7 in particular. This is because of the protective function of Section 7 and its obligations of the protection of a citizen’s rights to life, liberty and security of the person. There are third parties that could be posing “threats” to Charter interests and therefore the extents of Section 7 in terms of its protective function for individuals’ rights are put into question. Section 7 of the Charter says that “[E]veryone has the right to life, liberty and the security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.” The meaning of Section 7 is to adhere to each individual’s right to the sanctity of life, their physical liberty in a narrow sense, and the integrity of the person is to be kept secure. However, what would the extent of Section 7 be or moreover, what is the extent of each protected interest? The objective of this paper is to examine the extents of Section 7 of the Charter in which the focus is on the protected interests of life, liberty and security of the person. Each protected interest will be discussed in depth with its relationship to a specific Canadian court case. This will help to determine the extent of Section 7 and therefore help understand how much the Charter protects the freedom of Canadian citizens. For right to life, the First Nation communities in Canada had ‘high risk’ of threats to health in their water systems according to Health Canada. The focus of this topic...
How to appropriately and fairly carry out criminal justice matters is something that every country struggles with. A major reason for this struggle is the fallibility of the justice system. It is acceptable to concede that the possibility of human error in every case and investigation may lead to a wrongful conviction. In the case of David Milgaard, however, Canada's Criminal Justice System not only erred, but failed grievously, resulting in millions of dollars wasted, in a loss of public confidence in the system, and most tragically, in the robbery of two decades of one man's life. Factors including, but not limited to, the social context at the time of the crime, the social perception of deviance, the influence of the media, and the misconduct of investigating police and prosecution played a substantial role in the subsequent miscarriage of justice.
I found myself thinking sociologically when I realized that equality in Canada is less practiced as what the Canadian Constitution Act of 1982 claims. In this constitution, it is stated that every individual should be treated equally regardless of their race, ethnicity, colour, religion, sex, age, and any disability; however, in reality, individuals experience inequality in the form of racism throughout the Canadian society. For instance, a few months ago, a black male was asked to leave the St. Laurent shopping centre by the mall securities as the position of his pants were viewed as not family-friendly but this type of fashion is normal for teenagers who are influenced by the hip-hop culture. As the man did not want to cause any trouble, he obeyed the securities but as he was escorted, the securities used unnecessary forces which caused scars and bruises to the individual. Furthermore, the black male was arrested and detained for 3 hours, then fined $65 by the Ottawa Police, and banned from the mall for 5 years. One witness stated that this was a case of racial profiling as she saw that the mall securities had no reason to assault the individual. Although many deny the existence of racism in the Canadian society, this type of inequality still largely exists. To further analyze this topic, articles written by various scholars on racial profiling in the criminal justice system and racism in the workplace in Canada will be compared and contrasted. Moreover, various sociological concepts learned from the class will be applied to explain racism. In addition, the Symbolic interactionist and Conflict perspectives will be compared and contrasted to have a better understanding of racism.
Systems: The canadian Future in light of the American Past.” Ontario native Council on Justice. Toronto, Ontario.
trial of two men for the 1971 murder of Helen Betty Osborne in The Pas Manitoba.
Wrongful convictions in Canada is a very sensitive and disturbing topic that has created concerns as to why individuals are being wrongfully convicted. As people in Canada read about cases involving wrongful conviction, such as Guy Paul Morin, Rubin Carter and David Millguard, it often undermines their faith in the criminal justice system. Tunnel vision, the use of questionable DNA evidence, and eyewitness misidentification are the three main causes of wrongful convictions in Canada. Recognizing and addressing these concerns has led to a reduction in cases of wrongful convictions in Canada.
Systemic discrimination has been a part of Canada’s past. Women, racial and ethnic minorities as well as First Nations people have all faced discrimination in Canada. Policies such as, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, provincial and federal Human Rights Codes, as well has various employment equity programs have been placed in Canada’s constitution to fight and address discrimination issues. Despite these key documents placed for universal rights and freedoms Aboriginal and other minority populations in Canada continue to be discriminated against. Many believe there is no discrimination in Canada, and suggest any lack of success of these groups is a result of personal decisions and not systemic discrimination. While others feel that the legislation and equality policies have yet resulted in an equal society for all minorities. Racism is immersed in Canadian society; this is clearly shown by stories of racial profiling in law enforcement.
Many people and nations around the world are deprived of human rights. The government in the countries or nations usually can not help the people being deprived. Either because the government is too poor to, it is not one of the things the government is looking into, or the government does not know or care. Because of this certain people, or even whole populations are denied human rights and their living conditions and way of life are usually not on the positive side of things. There are many wealthier countries trying to help but sometimes that is not enough. To what extent should Canada have a role in working to increase human rights protection in other nations?
In the year 1970, the Canadian government founded the Law Reform Commission of Canada to ensure the progression of law making and to make recommendations for legal changes . The Law Reform Commission of Canada is constantly importing and suggesting proposals towards the criminal code of Canada. During the year of 1985, t...
Canada is viewed as being a very safe and stable place to live because people are lucky enough to have healthcare, benefits for unemployment and family needs, as well as maternity leave. Crime is something that Canadians don’t often think about because people feel as though they are out of harm's way. As Canadians, we’ve watched the world experience different threats and crime, and we’ve seen the world fight back. For example, our neighbors in North America, the United States, have gone through terrorist attacks and issues with guns and violence. Just because we are witnessing these things in other places doesn’t mean that we aren’t at risk as well, and Canada does have certain approaches and regards in place if we are ever in danger. What I wish to address in this paper is how Canada is set up for reacting to crime and jeopardy, as well as an example of where we went wrong in our past. Methods in response to crime, Canada’s legal regime and the issue of Residential schooling for Aboriginals a hundred years ago will be presented.
Barbara Perry (2011, p. 57), referring to Audrey Lorde’s conception of the “mythical norm” explains that it lies somewhere on the edge of consciousness, and may be defined as “white, thin, male, young, heterosexual, Christian and financially secure”. It is with this norm that the trappings of power reside within this society (p. 192). In analyzing Lorde’s concept, Perry, refers to this privileged group as continuing to set the behavioral standard, despite the claims of Canadian Law, which officially pledges justice and equity for all, Perry provides a critical examination of the Canadian system of justice from a historical perspective, ending with a present. Perry argues that, as a result of the bias favoring the privileged group identified
It is important to look at the relationship between aboriginal people and the Canadian criminal justice system, the trends, and current aboriginal involvement in the justice system, and our own perspectives, and reactions to the information we encounter in
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a crucial document in our society. Being able to understand and uphold the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is important, as it governs and controls every aspect of our lives. But most importantly, it protects the individual from the state, from conducting unlawful acts, such as unreasonable search and seizure (Government of Canada, 2017) (The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2013). However, who should be left in charge of upholding the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in our society? Some individuals may think that it is a law enforcement officer’s duty to uphold or support the charter in our society; whereas others may believe it is the governments or the courts role to support or control the charter. Now, this depends on many factors, such as an individual’s personal beliefs, a communities
Mauer, Marc. "The Race to Incarcerate." The Case For Penal Abolition. Ed. W. Gordon West and Ruth Morris. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars? Press, 2000. 89-99.
The rule of law, simply put, is a principle that no one is above the law. This means that there should be no leniency for a person because of peerage, sex, religion or financial standing. England and Wales do not have a written constitution therefore the Rule of Law, which along with the parliamentary Sovereignty was regarded by legal analyst A.C Dicey, as the pillars of the UK Constitution. The Rule of Law was said to be adopted as the “unwritten constitution of Great Britain”.