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Influences of globalization on organizational structure
Globalization and organizational structure
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Given the global and competitive climate of the industries economy, Roraima must reconsider its global strategy. Considering Roraima’s cautious entry into different markets thus far, many topics must be considered before moving forward with a new strategy. These topics include currency exposure, foreign location choices or foreign direct investment (FDI), organizational structure options, supply chain management and political risks.
Currency Exposure
When considering the currency exposure that would need to be managed by Roraima, three aspects must be considered. Transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure. Transaction exposure would be when dealings would be “affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rate values” (306). Translation exposure would occur when these exchange rate differences show up differently on the financial statements. And lastly, the economic exposure refers to a situation in which the projected “earning power is affected by changes in exchange rates” (307). Economic exposure is the concept that best reflects the overall process of managing foreign exchange risk because it deals with the long-term effects of a global strategy and earning power. The firm would have to be alert to changes in exchange rates enabling them to project their costs and
Roraima will need to determine, regarding the technological factors, if the costs involved will prove profitable in the long run. If not outsourcing might be a more cost-effective venture considering that the management team is focused on the current bottom line. Distributing strategies need to be discussed about how long it will take to get into the customer’s hand and how much shipping will cost based on which country it is coming from. Production factors include “product features, locating production facilities, and strategic roles for production facilities”
Saputo’s business is constantly affected by changes in the exchange rate as the majority of its business takes place outside of Canada. Due to the fact products and cash flows travel internationally, the company is exposed to economic exposures. Exchange exposure affects Saputo in many ways such as the cost of production and demand for their products. Transaction exposure affects Saputo when cash flows from foreign operations into Canada. Saputo is affected by translation exposure when foreign revenue is converted into Canadian dollars for its financial statements.
“Individualistic cultures, in the western-hemisphere, [such as the United States,] emphasize… personal identity and self-determination. Conformity is far less pervasive in individualistic societies because democratic choices and laissez-faire viewpoints are somewhat considered.”
Globalization has led to an increase in multinational companies that produce different types of goods. Although these multinational corporations have been reaping substantial benefits as a result of market expansion, they face a greater risk of losing their international revenues as a result of fluctuations in exchange rates. Changes in the exchange rate between the countries expose the home company to various risks such as transaction exposure, translation, and economic exposure. As a result, the value of the firm is affected by fluctuation in the exchange rate. To effectively manage the exposures, companies use various hedging strategies such as the use of forwards contracts.
1. What is the business reason for China Noah’s potential currency exposure? Does the company need to subject itself to substantial exchange rate risk? Is the risk “material” to China Noah? Do you think China Noah should hedge?
Political and legal considerations were given first priority in this analysis with primary emphasis given to whether a country's legal or political system prohibits or impedes foreign investment. If a country's political or legal system discouraged or prevented foreign investment, that country was disqualified from further consideration. Factors considered when assessing the political and legal environment:
The organization has had to ensure that it has retail stores in many countries globally and website options in more than 100 countries. The company further enhances access of online stores in more than 37 countries which is accessible all the time and people are able to access the services regardless of their location. Globalization further affects the organization in the sense of international market management which requires it to engage in strictly global decision making. The organization’s production networks have been geared to enhancing global competition (Lüsted, 2012) .The Company is further good when it comes to seizing the opportunities available in global market. For the organization to find efficient as well as cheap means of production, it has to bargain hard so as to allow its contractors to have low profits. This mostly is consequential to the suppliers cutting corners with the use of cheap
Other types of exchange rate risks are translation risk and so-called hidden risk. The translation risk relates to cases where large multinational companies have subsidiaries in other countries. On the financial statement of the whole group, the company may have to translate the assets and liabilities from foreign accounts into the group statement. The translation will involve foreign exchange exposure. The term hidden risk evolves around the fact that all companies are subject to exchange rate risks, even if they don’t do business with companies using other currencies. A company that is buying supplies from a local manufacturer might be affected of fluctuating foreign exchange rates if the local manufacturer is doing business with overseas companies. If a manufacturer goes out of business, or experience heavy losses, it will affect all the companies it does business with. The co...
To keep up with the fast moving phase of the global business era, it is a necessity for organizations to understand the larger forces that is shaping the macroenvironment of the foreign market. Companies usually decide to expand their market to grow their revenue in an untapped market, however, before doing so, the obstacles that are not typically encountered in the domestic market should be taken into account.
Foreign exchange transaction risk exists when the future cash transactions of a firm are affected by the exchange rate fluctuations. In the Amplifon Group, the foreign exchange transaction risk is highly limited thanks to the autonomy of the business operation of each country, incurring costs and revenues in the same currency. However, there still exists the transaction exposures arising from investments in listed financial instruments denominated in a different currency to the investing company’s functional currency.
"Businesses when entering foreign markets must 'Think Globally, Act Locally,' effectively using the concept of the international product life cycle, and improve value chain activities to sustain their competitive advantages" (Industry-Specific Competitiveness Of A Nation).
The objective ought to be to have zero inventories as this would be the perfect circumstance for the organization to be in technologies utilized as a part of creation need to be the best to create the best quality products for suppliers. This will enhance proficiency furthermore decrease costs .Proficient methods need to be emulated to oversee costs. Without a moment to spare technique prompts disposal of waste, changeableness and absurd prerequisites on generation
According to The Star Online, up to 80% of the total group borrowings of RM7.49 billion were denominated in US dollar. Simultaneously, 8% of the total group borrowings were denominated in Euro currency. In other words, the total debt of the group that denominated in US currency worth at US$1.33 billion, approximately cost at RM5.91 billion. The total debt that denominated in Euro currency cost around €129.8 million, approximately cost at RM610.61 million. The high composition of debt in foreign currency caused the group extremely vulnerable to foreign exchange risk. A sensitivity analysis conducted by CIMB Research revealed that IOI could face RM148 million of loss or gain for foreign exchange translation risk with every RM0.10 rise/drop in Ringgit to US dollar exchange rate. Due to substantial losses on foreign exchange translation and fair value loss on derivative loss, the company predicted that the second quarter net profit of 2017 will be dropped by 98% to RM15.6 million, compared to the first quarter net profit recorded at RM703.7 million (Kok, 2017). Thus, foreign exchange risk is considered as high risk for
While an organisation goes about making the decision on foreign market entry method, it should be based on weighing the trade-offs between returns and inherent risks. An organisation is required to select the entry method that presents the best risk-adjusted investment returns (Agarwal & Ramaswami 1991). However, this is not the only consideration to be made. An organisation’s choice is also influenced by its need for control and the resources available (Stopford & Wells 1972; Cespedes 1988). Resource availability relates to managerial and financial capacity of an organisation in successfully serving a specific foreign market. Control, on the other hand, entails an organisation’s need to influence decisions, methods, and systems within the
The foreign exchange market is one of important mechanism in the international business because foreign exchange is an intermediary for all nations in term of the growth of the economy. There are many functions of foreign exchange market in the global economy. In the international business, it uses the foreign exchange markets in four ways. First, the pay...