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The causes and impacts of crusades
Why did Pope Urban II call for a crusade
The causes and impacts of crusades
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In 1120, Robert the Monk recorded his chronicle of Pope Urban II's Call to Crusades. Robert the Monk was a Catholic Monk from France and was a chronicler for the First Crusade. In this source, Robert the Monk portrays Pope Urban's feelings towards Muslims as hostile and unfriendly, as he calls the Muslims an "accursed race" that was "alienated by God" (Robert the Monk). Furthermore, it focuses on starting a crusade, where the Catholic church would regain control over the promised land. Also, the main purpose of this article was to motivate Catholics for the crusades, and potentially view them as positive actions, as he expresses that the crusades are "the will of God" (Robert the Monk). The reliability of this source is questioned when you
Foss explains, “What Urban needed was an enterprise, clearly virtuous in serving the ends of Christiandome… in these moments of reflection, the popes mind turned towards Jerusalem.” Urban II reflects back on the first taking of the Holy City after the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in 1071, and begins to question what his people know about the Turkish race and really the ideology of Islamic thought. Foss goes on to examine the ignorance of westerners and needed to be “reminded [by the pope] of the infamous heathens, their cruelty and hatred of Christians,” hoping this would justify the first Holy Crusade. However, Foss identifies the creativity of the Pope’s language to persuade the knights and army of the people to embark on the Holy Crusade based on the Muslims cruel actions turned onto their fellow Christians. Claiming the Muslims “Killed captives by torture…poor captives were whipped…and others were bound to the post and used as a target for arrows.” Foss examines the Popes words as an effective effort of persuasion in creating an army of crusaders to help clean “…Holy places, which are now treated with ignominy and polluted with Filthiness” and any sacrifice in Jerusalem is a “promise of a spiritual reward… and death for
	Robert Hunter had his poetic beginnings in the Palo Alto, CA coffeehouse scene in the mid-sixties. It was there that he began writing poetry and found his future song writing partner Jerry Garcia.
There are many accounts of that day in November, 1095. Some were written by monks, others by bishops, and even a few by warriors themselves. Historians are constantly asking, "What exactly did Pope Urban II say at the council of Clermont to persuade Christians to set forth on such a difficult venture as the Crusades?" One man, an early 12th century cleric named Fulcher of Chartres wrote perhaps the best historical chronicle of the events at Clermont and the speech of Urban II.
During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the French used Indian raids to attack British settlements all along the east coast. These efforts were successful in checking British colonial expansion. In response, Britain occupied forts in upstate New York with hopes that their conventional forces would inhibit Indian raids. These forts failed because they only controlled the area within musket range of their walls. The British turned to Robert Rogers and his rangers. The colonial rangers were inured to the deprivations of wilderness fighting. They had a personal stake in the war in their backyard. Comfortable in the woods, the rangers fought to win.
The novel, 'Heroes' is written by Robert Cormier and was published in 1998. It is set in Frenchtown, America, between 1940 and 1945, during the Second World War and explores the themes of guilt, compassion and heroism. It is about Francis Cassavant, who desires revenge from his relationship with his friend Larry LaSalle. The plot creates tension and suspense and explores how and why Francis has returned from the Second World War to kill Larry.
Contrary to many commonly held notions about the first crusade, in his book, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading, Jonathan Riley-Smith sets out to explain how the idea of crusading thought evolved in the first crusade. In his book, Riley-Smith sets out five main arguments to show how these ideas of crusading evolved. Firstly, he argues that Pope Urban’s original message was conventional, secondly that a more positive reaction was drawn from the laity (due to the ideas surrounding Jerusalem), thirdly, that the original message of crusading had changed because of the horrible experiences of the first crusaders, fourth, that due to these experiences the crusaders developed their own concept of what a crusade was, and lastly, that these ideas were refined by (religious) writers and turned into an acceptable form of theology. Riley-Smith makes excellent points about the crusade; however, before one can delve directly into his argument, one must first understand the background surrounding the rise of the first crusade.
The First Crusade was called in 1096 by Pope Urban II. The reasons for the First Crusade was to help obtain Jerusalem known as the holy land. During this time period the Muslims were occupying Jerusalem. First Crusade contained peasants and knights’ whose ethnicities consist of Franks, Latin’s, and Celts which were all from the western part of Europe. To get peasants and knights to join Pope Urban II objectives in return of a spiritual reward called “remission of all their sins” which was to be redeemed of any sins the individual has committed. When sins are redeemed Crusaders believed that they will escape the torment of hell. When lords and knights joined the crusade they were known as military elites. Crusaders were known as soldiers of Christ.
I believe Robert held very high standards for his soldiers even though they were black. He treats them with dignity and equal respect as would be given to the soldiers who are white. He gives them a sense of humanity and dignity as if they belong there and are just as willing, competent, and capable of being good soldiers. By treating them with this respect they fight for a different reason other than because they have to, rather because they must meet the standards presented by their leader by proving they have all of these qualities. This is very important because his soldiers treat him with more respect and care for him opposed to them fearing him and not feeling any compassion toward him.
For a moment be any black person, anywhere, and you will feel waves of hopelessness” is a profound notion that highlights William Grier and Price Cobbs’ work in Black Rage. With astonishing information backed with real case studies, from previous black patients, they explore the terrain of the black experience in America. The unearthing critique of America they developed in the late sixties remains relevant in today’s turbulent times. Grier and Cobbs (GC) paint a very valid picture of black rage from its inception to its impact in the lives of black people.
It is amazing how much political and military supremacy the papacy position gained when the Crusades began. The First Crusade (1096-1099) was a military expedition initiated by Pope Urban the II to regain the Holy Lands in Jerusalem from the Muslim conquest. The Pope gave a speech requesting military action against Muslim takeover to the French people of Clermont. The speech eventually propagated to other nations for further recruitment. Urban’s political and military involvement helped regain the Holy Lands and save the Christian Crusaders souls. His famous speech changed the course of history in part because its dissemination was overly successful, and assembled over 40,000 Crusaders to do the will of God. Why was Pope Urban II so victorious in recruiting people for the First Crusade, and why was his influence so important?
The book, The Ranger’s Apprentice, is based off of the medieval times. One knows this because they speak of people and activities such as kings, knights, and sword fighting. One can see this by viewing a detail in this book. This detail are the jobs that orphans can get. Two of those schools incl udde rangers and Battleschool. Rangers is a group of spies hwo look over every part of the 50 lands. Each one belongs to a different ranger. Battleschool is a school where knights train in order to succeed in approaching battles. They both protect the land. “When he’d applied for Battleschool, Horace had a vague notion of glittering, armor-clad knights doing battle, while lesser folk stood by and watched in awed admiration,”(Page
Evaluation of an assumption can be done with data collection and analysis. To evaluate Dr. Napier’s philosophical assumption that we marry or partner with our “worst nightmare,” I would suggest using almost any information that demonstrates patterns of behavior associated with personality psychology, and information that can be gathered systematically through observation and measurement also known as scientific method. I would confer with books written by experts in the field of experiential therapy with couples, articles from social science journals, and legal statistics representative of the population experiencing a high rate of divorce as a result of irreconcilable differences.
The Crusades were one of the most prominent events in Western European history; they were not discrete and unimportant pilgrimages, but a continuous stream of marching Western armies (Crusaders) into the Muslim world, terminating in the creation and eventually the fall of the Islamic Kingdoms. The Crusades were a Holy War of Roman Christianity against Islam, but was it really a “holy war” or was it Western Europe fighting for more land and power? Through Pope Urban II and the Roman Catholic Church’s actions, their proposed motivations seem unclear, and even unchristian. Prior to the Crusades, Urban encouraged that Western Europe fight for their religion but throughout the crusades the real motivations shone though; the Crusaders were power hungry, land coveting people who fought with non Christian ideals and Morales.
In the first chapter, Man the Hunter, William H. McNeill talks about the relationships between populations and parasites. He first talks about how there is a balanced relationship between the population and parasites. A balanced relationship is a relationship where the parasite lives off of the host or inside of the host. An example of a parasite and a host might be tapeworms inside of the human body and getting into your digestive tract. McNeill says that different people react differently to different parasites. Some people may resist the parasite and other people can be devastated by these parasites. McNeil says, “In the absence of some such disturbance, however, a tolerable state of health can be supposed, such as exists among wild primates
In order for the crusades to begin, the Christians needed to gather an army to travel and fight the forces of Muslims. With all the power being held by monarchies at this time, the church needed to be cleaver in order to gain troops to put their lives on the line. To gain the support of these warriors and dedication of men, Pope Urban II (1088-1099) challenged those morals of men by telling them to grab their weapons and join the holy war to recover the land of Jerusalem. It was not the challenge that convinced men to take part in this war. The promise of “immediate remission of sins” attracted the men to stand up for their religion and beliefs while at the same time, promising them a trip to heaven when life comes to an end. With this statement, men instantly prepared for battle which in a very short period of time gave the church power which has been held by the monarchies. Men of rich and poor prepared for battle, some wearing ...