Rhetorical Analysis: The Roots Of American Order

Finally the last rhetorical devices is Logos. Logos means an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason. Which in other words persuading the audience by using logical facts. In The Roots of American Order, it explains Cicero’s idea when governing a republic was: natural law. Natural Law according to John Lock is law that everyone has during a state of nature which is traces back to God. He explains in his Second Treatise of Government book:

Has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone; and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions (Locke 9).

In other words, Lock explains that the law of nature came from the state of nature. During the state of nature, humans being with reasons creates a law of nature that is equally spread to everyone everywhere. To recall, Cicero idea of government came from this concept of natural law. He states from The Roots of American Order, “I think it to be in general, then the

origin of Justice is to be found in Law; for Law is a natural force” (111). Here it demonstrates that Cicero believes that a republic should be run by the law of nature. This is highly influence when it he speaking against Catalina in front of the Roman Republic. When he is presenting his speech to the senate he states:
But now it is different: for now you are openly attacking our whole existence, and calling down destruction and devastation upon the temples of the immortals gods, the habitations of our city, the lives of every citizens, and Italy in all its parts. … The action most in keeping with this authority I hold and with the traditions of ancient’s time. (Cicero 82)
Right here in this passage Cicero demonstrates a list of things that has happen in Rome. He states the destruction of the temples and even the lives of citizens has been in risk based on this revolution that Catalina has started. Cicero is talking to Catalina about his destruction: “ that your attacks on our country are made in the capacity of an exile rather than a consul, and that it is abundantly clear, from the nature of your foul enterprise, that you are no fighter and nothing but a bandit”( Cicero 89). As well Cicero states that Catalina
“killed Tiberius Gracchus, although his threat to the national security was only on a limited scale…. Except to say that at former epochs, in this country of ours, brave men did not lack the courage to strike down a dangerous Roman citizen more fiercely even than they struck down the bitterest of foreign foes” (Cicero 77).
Here in this quote presents from Cicero that Catalina killed innocent person and that was the first of many. Finally, he reminds the Senate on what kind of government they wanted to live, but by the effects of Catalina has change everything:
What sort of a system of government is ours, or what kind of a city we inhabit, when there are men sitting here among ourselves, in the most solemn and dignified of all the world’s assemblies, who are actually plotting the destruction of every sing on of us, and of all Rome, and of everything upon the face of the earth!

(Cicero 80)

Therefore, by using the techniques of Ethos is the hardest one to use. For the reason is to find the best and most effective evince to tell the senate or the people. The when presenting evidence is hard because it can be interpret in many differences ways. But in Cicero’s case, he always stood by his idea of the natural law that the Roman Republic was mainly founded on. Therefore by using ethos is the hardest techniques to use, but is the most realistic because it shows the true facts of the vice things that Catalina has done as well what he has in

stored.
To conclude, Cicero is one the most important Roman politician in history. Cicero is also a teacher that teaches future scholars for many generations to present a great effected speech in public. A great teacher demonstrates the techniques that he teaches to his scholars, and that is what Cicero does when delivering speeches to the Senate and the people of Roman about Catalina’s threat to the Roman Republic. There are three huge techniques that is commonly use that Cicero teaches; ethos, pathos, and logos. When Cicero demonstrates that pathos is one the most effected way when presenting a speech to an audience. Even though language is very hard to find a common ground Cicero tells the public about their safety. Safety is something that everyone takes to hard. Then Cicero teaches as well the use of ethos; that shows the trust of any public figure. This is very important because to make a difference in the republic and the purpose of your speech is to have the trust and confidence of the people. If the people do not have the trust or confidence of the person than the speech was not affected. Finally, the most difficult rhetorical to present to the public is the use of logos. Logos is the logic with cold hard facts and evince. This is the hardest one to use because anyone can interpret in different ways. By the end of the day, Cicero teaches future scholars that we must use all three of them in any of our speeches because it would be the most effected way to the audience. Like any great teachers, like Cicero, they practice what they teach.