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Theories and applications of persuasion
Rhetorical Strategies and Analysis
Persuasion techniques
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“We have new arrivals for spring season. What about this new style checked sweater? This sweater is vastly popular nowadays because many popular actresses are wearing this in several TV dramas. I think this sweater would be great for you because it matches with your sky-blue skirt. Also we are making an allowance of 40% for this item. It would be good for you, ma’am.” You can often see this situation in every shop, but this shop assistant gives prominence to that new style sweater by saying that it is a low risk of trend style, considering guest’s figure, and also letting guest know that it’s on sale. Even if the guest does not buy that sweater, this shop assistant is proficient in selling. Because she knows exactly what guests want. There are three things that Aristotle said that those are basic skills in persuading people. Ethos,Pathos,Logos. He said when people decide to do something, they rationally make a judgment and there always has to be reason. Therefore, explaining with some examples or quoting an expert opinion would be very successful idea in those reasons. So now we can see that Deborah Tannen, the author of ‘The Argument Culture’, shows us the way of using Aristotle’s three skills: interesting to readers by using her career indirectly, compelling readers to follow her writing structure so that making the reader’s pathos her own. So through this rhetorical analysis, I will observe and analyze her writing structure, what is the point that she wants to tell readers and what is her main skills among three Aristotle’s persuasion skills. Deborah Tannen, the author of “The Argument Culture”, is good at persuading persons. She persuades readers, pointing problems of tradition debate that most people following without thinki... ... middle of paper ... ...the readers just understand and be comprehensible about my words with no reason. Knowing and seeing each other between readers and writers would lead the essay into communication world. In this way, if we understand mechanism of persuasion and make the best us of that, it is going to be easy to draw interest and persuade readers. Works Cited Tannen, Deborah. “The Argument Culture.” The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers. Custom Ivy Tech edition. Ed. Stephen Reid. Upper Saddle River, NewJersey:Pearson ,2011. 403-407. Print. Tannen, Deborah. "The Power Of Talk: Who Gets Heard And Why." Harvard Business Review 73.5 (1995): 138-148. Business Source Complete. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don't Understand : Women And Men In Conversation / Deborah Tannen. n.p.: New York : Morrow, c1990., 1990. Valdosta State University GIL Catalog. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.
Effectively communicating an idea or opinion requires several language techniques. In his study of rhetoric, Aristotle found that persuasion was established through three fundamental tools. One is logos, which is used to support an argument through hard data and statistics. Another is ethos, which is the credibility of an author or speaker that allows an audience to conclude from background information and language selection a sense of knowledge and expertise of the person presenting the argument. The impact of pathos, however, is the most effective tool in persuasion due to the link between emotions and decisions. Although each of these tools can be effective individually, a combination of rhetorical devices when used appropriately has the ability to sway an audience toward the writer’s point of view.
The author begins his argument by retelling the story of his youth to build his ethos but the results are poor as it presents more questions on how he is a credible source on this argument as his only evidence is his own story. However, through the same means his pathos is built as his anecdote conveys feelings in the audience, making them more willing to listen. Graff finally, gives a call to action to schools to use students’ interests to develop their skills in rhetoric and analysis, which reveals the logic behind his argument. The topic about how students are taught rhetoric and analysis brings interest but with an average argument only built on pathos, a low amount of logos, and questionable ethos it can fall on deaf
Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle links three elements of arguing together: the speaker, the story, and the audience. The relationship between the elements determines the speaker’s argument and whether it will be successful in oratory or literature. Ethos, Logos and Pathos are each different aspects of the argument that must be balanced in order to succeed in persuading or convincing an audience. Ethos, or character, relates to the speaker’s credibility that the audience appeals to: it is useful when persuading a group of people to trust what you are saying or doing. Logos, or logic, is a way of convincing and appealing by reason, truth, and facts. Pathos relates to the audience’s emotions and their response to what the speaker is saying.
Rhetorical appeals apply to everyday life and the three sections of the rhetoric’s cover all elements of persuasion. Moore and Machiavelli do an outstanding job of explaining their points and why you should believe what they are saying. Both author’s did a great job of educating and informing their viewers although they were two significantly different pieces. Moore and Machiavelli’s work are each their own with respect to purpose and lessons but they also both come together in regards to using Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals.
According to Tannen, she refers to the hostility within communication as “The Argument Culture.” It has become a war on words that continues to thrive off of conflict, animosity and tension. Tannen addresses the idea of debate, disputes, attack and criticism as a comprehensive list of words to describe her thesis. Tannen uses rhetorical devices by formulating the main points of her argument. She did this by convincing her readers and incorporating facts and reasons. Tannen states, “In close relationships is it possible to find ways of arguing that result in better understanding and solving problems. But with most
Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings. 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2012. Print.
Pollan’s article provides a solid base to the conversation, defining what to do in order to eat healthy. Holding this concept of eating healthy, Joe Pinsker in “Why So Many Rich Kids Come to Enjoy the Taste of Healthier Foods” enters into the conversation and questions the connection of difference in families’ income and how healthy children eat (129-132). He argues that how much families earn largely affect how healthy children eat — income is one of the most important factors preventing people from eating healthy (129-132). In his article, Pinsker utilizes a study done by Caitlin Daniel to illustrate that level of income does affect children’s diet (130). In Daniel’s research, among 75 Boston-area parents, those rich families value children’s healthy diet more than food wasted when children refused to accept those healthier but
In the introduction of Deborah Tannen’s “Conversation Style: Talking on the Job”, she compares and contrasts the ways men and women communicate. This reminds me of what I tell people that are struggling in their relationships. Women and men express themselves differently. Women think, but men act. If you can’t wrap your head around this, being in a relationship with anyone is going to be hard. Yet, this is such a basic way of looking at this issue. Not only are the genders vastly different, but each person relates to the world around them in a certain way. He or she also needs to be related to in a specific way. Looking at personalities and personal histories can give a better look at the way we communicate with each other. Tannen examines
Tannen, Deborah. “His Politeness Is Her Powerlessness.” You Just Don’t Understand: women and men in conversation. New York: HarperCollins, 1990. 203-5. Print.
Rhetoric is the art of using language to persuade an audience. Writers and speakers often use rhetoric appeals. Aristotelian Rhetoric appeals are used in arguments to support claims and counter opposing arguments. Rhetoric used four different approaches to capture its audience’s attention: pathos, logos, and ethos. Pathos bases its appeal on provoking strong emotion from an audience. Ethos builds its appeal based on good moral character of the writer or speaker and relies on good sense and good will to influence its audience. Logos persuades its audience through the use of deductive and inductive reasoning. The kiaros approach requires a combination of creating and recognizing the right time and right place for making the argument in the first place. All of these appeals are important tools, and can be used together or apart to persuade an audience.
Rhetorical Analysis and Persuasion Every day we are victims to persuasion whether anyone can notice it or not. Logos, pathos and ethos are the types of persuasion. Logos persuades by reason, pathos by appealing to emotion and ethos by the credibility of the author. The characters in The Iliad employ the use of these techniques to sway another character into doing or feeling something else.
Tannen believes that men and women are cross cultural when it comes to conversation. While analyzing basic conversation, Tannen primarily focuses on married couples and marriage, in general. Whether implied or not, Tannen fails to deliver enough credible scientific research to inform the audience of her opinions and viewpoints. Tannen begins her argument explaining a personal experience with a married couple which she invited to a group meeting that she held. Tannen uses this dependable experience to confirm that American men talk more than women in public, and usually talk less at home. Tannen uses the word “crystallizes”, to display the accuracy of her research through this personal discovery. Tannen states, “This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home” (239). Tannen presents research as if a female is the only gender to, “crave communication” in a relationship, giving no background information to support this theory. Deborah Tannen gives numerous personal accounts of issues married couples seem to have, but hardly giving actual scientific
There are three ways that people used to try and persuade their audiences. The three ways were identified by Greek philosopher Aristotle, and they are known as ethos, logos, and pathos. They are three examples of rhetorical arguments. Ethos refers to how we view the speaker’s character. This means that if you believe that the character has good knowledge of the subject and good intentions along with good character, you are prone to believe what he is telling you. Logos uses inductive and deductive reasoning along with rationality to persuade the audience. Most speakers aren’t going to use logos alone to persuade the general audience. Pathos persuades the audience by playing with their emotions. The speaker will try to make you feel emotions such as anger, fear, hunger, sadness, pity, and happiness to influence your judgement.
I chose to talk about the discussion and notes we had about Aristotle's appeals of argument. Aristotle developed the tree of rhetoric, based on three concepts that should work together to achieve the necessary synergy that would influence the audience. These three concepts are the Ethos (appeal of morals) , the Pathos (ability to generate emotion) and the Logos (appeal to logic). These work together to convince the audience of how good and efficient the way of negotiating and resolving conflicts is. Knowing how to argue, has a great importance when it comes to relating and interacting with others. Every time we talk, every time we communicate, our intention is to give information, to indicate or say what we want, what we think is good, what
Tannen, D. (2007). You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York, NY: Harper.