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Political decisions influenced by religion
The concept of postmodernism
The concept of postmodernism
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The United States presidential election of 2016 left many citizens expressing feelings of bewilderment and disbelief. Donald J. Trump was elected into office under the premise that he was going to “make America great again,” implying that the country has been less than great in recent years. Throughout his campaign, Trump was repeatedly scrutinized for offensive campaign rhetoric toward religious, ethnic, and gender minorities. The popularity vote favored his opponent Hillary Clinton, while the electoral vote helped him obtain US presidency. After analyzing President Trump’s inauguration speech I was left with countless questions and concerns. Along the way I came accross multiple accounts of belief dependent realism, post-modernism, bias, self-justification, and general inconsistency. It is apparent from this speech that Trump is motivated by religion, power, and misunderstanding of the needs of the people of the United Stated of America. …show more content…
Belief Dependent Realism To start, the concept that seemed most prevalent throughout Trump’s inauguration speech is Shermer’s idea of “belief dependent realism” (Shermer, p.5). Belief dependent realism entails that human perceptions of the world are immensely susceptible to influence from their personal beliefs. This is dangerous because it can lead people to disregard the findings of science, and live their lives based on laws associated with pseudoscience (Ruscio, p.6). Trump emphasizes the presence of America’s “glorious destiny” and attempts to comfort the public by reassuring that “we will be protected by God”. It is likely that these statements triggered cognitive dissonance for many American citizens in that America prides itself in representing liberty and freedom of religion. Not to mention, the president himself is what many people are feeling afraid of at this moment in time. Trump’s assertions regarding God and destiny are an example of belief dependent realism because he is taking his first steps as a president with certainty that Christian beliefs are universal and true. These actions are also in violation of the constitution which upholds that church and state should stay separate. Unfortunately, there was no end to Trump’s use of false logic based on Christianity. Perhaps the most explicit account of belief dependent realism on Trump’s behalf arose when he said, “The bible tells us how good and pleasant it is when god’s people live together in unity”. With this, Trump is implying that he stands for unity, and that Christian beliefs are true. Including this in his inauguration speech after the social and political turmoil that ensued during the election seems to be a form of self-justification, in that he is a good man because of his bible based beliefs, and his actions are motivated by unity. Finally, the cherry on top of Trump’s belief-dependent-realism-sundae emerged with his assertion that, “We do not seek to impose our way of life on anyone, but rather to let it shine as an example”. Based on Donald Trump’s offensive rhetoric and prejudiced behavior toward muslims, women, etc., I can conclude that the “We” Trump is speaking of is a group of angry Christian cisgender heterosexual white males, who feel as though their power is being threatened by progress. Belief dependent realism is apparent here in that Trump is certain that his way of life is a shining example to all others, and is seemingly unaware of the fact that his perception is flawed. Also, if Trump is under the impression that his use of “we” is all inclusive to American citizens, then he has fallen subject to the false-consensus effect (Cialdini, 82) which is the tendency for people to assume that others agree with us more than they actually do. Postmodernism Donald Trump has made it apparent to the American people that he does not believe that climate change is an issue, and he is an advocate for creationism. His tendency to embody ideas encompassed in the concept of postmodernism (Ruscio, p.20) is consistent and worrisome. Postmodernism entails that science is only “one way of knowing”. In his inauguration speech he included the sentiment, “we must think big and dream bigger”. While this may seem innocent enough, Trump’s administration has made an effort to restrict public publishing of research. By implying that dreaming is a priority over thinking, Trump is opening the door to mass self-justification for ignorance. This statement displays postmodernism through subtly suggesting that thinking is one way of knowing, and dreaming is a more productive way of knowing. Not only is this blatantly untrue, but it is also dangerous because it leaves room for the implications of pseudoscience in the American government. Furthermore, I believe that belief dependent realism fuels the fire that is postmodernism, on the grounds that our tendencies to perceive based on belief justify the assertion that all thoughts are equal thoughts, and science and pseudoscience are valuable in the same ways. All of the quotes from Trump that demonstrated belief dependent realism, also represent postmodern thought because his sentiments are not based on science as the best way of knowing. It is frightening to see these two concepts are now prevalent in the White House, because, “skepticism is the agent of reason against organized irrationalism” (Gabbanesch). With little to no skepticism included in Trump’s speech, it is safe to say that our government may be represented by organized irrationalism. Inconsistency Based on the evidence given in Donald Trump’s inauguration speech, it is obvious that Trump is no stranger to contradicting himself.
One moment he was saying, “We must protect the borders from the ravages of other countries, making our products, stealing our companies, and dissipating our jobs” and in the next paragraph he drives home the point that, “we will seek friendship with the nations of the world”. Not only is his first comment vastly exaggerated, but it is also a direct contradiction to his second quote. Trump’s inconsistency (Logical Fallacies, p.5) is evident throughout and outside of his speech. Inconsistency is a fallacy that includes directly contradicting one’s self and/or the truth. This is dangerous for a man in office because his actions and sentiments are unpredictable. Also, Trump’s assertion to make good friends with other countries has not been upkept since his inauguration. By implementing the unconstitutional “Muslim ban” Trump has angered Americans, as well as people in the 7 countries that he has
banned. Donald Trump also displays his tendency to contradict truth throughout his speech. He states, “We will no longer accept politicians who are all talk and no action, constantly complaining and never doing anything about it”. Who is he speaking of when he says this? Does he have any examples of this actually occurring? With reference to what I know from his campaign rhetoric, I would assume that he is talking about Obama. However, President Obama was in office when Osama Bin Laden was killed, medical marijuana was legalized, and it was made legal for all people to marry regardless of their sexual orientation. With this, if Trump is talking about Obama he is contradicting the evidence that positive change was made in America under the Obama administration. In correspondence, I would like to point out that Trump did not mention climate change once in his speech, and this quote validates him in that he isn’t complaining about it, and therefore isn’t going to do anything about it. Wrapping it Up Overall, Donald Trump’s tendencies to depend on his beliefs, be blatantly inconsistent, and validate pseudoscience are worrisome to many citizens across the nation and people around the world. If we are blind to the truth, which is only uncovered through research, then we have no chance against climate change, capitalism, and institutionalized biases. Despite the fact that the current U.S. president will not give these issues the time of day, they are real and they are relevant. Much more real and relevant than how “good and pleasant” life is as told by the bible. If there is a positive side to this, it is that logical fallacies and gaps in cognition are being put on blast and addressed to some extent in this country. It is my hope that President Donald Trump will not do too much damage while serving as an example of how not to think critically.
Many would argue that President Obama is one of the most effective speakers in the decade. With his amazing speeches, he captivates his audience with his emotion and official tone.
“Yesterday December 7th, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy” (Roosevelt). The attack on Pearl Harbor was an event that many Americans will never forget. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave a speech to address the public and Congress. His speech started by discussing how Japan had deceived America into thinking that they could create peace between the nations. He spent three paragraphs on how the attack was planned and deliberate and how America was completely unaware of Japan’s intentions. Roosevelt spent only a little time on paying respects to the lost lives of the soldiers. After that, Roosevelt talked about how many other nations Japan has attacked. Then Roosevelt started the “pep talk” portion of his speech. He talked about the strength of the nation and how America will defend themselves against evil forces. He ends his speech with a call for war and asked Congress to declare war against Japan. The goal of his speech was to persuade Congress to declare war on Japan, as well as to get the American people to support him in his endeavors. Roosevelt gave his speech in front of Congress, but the American people all over the nation tuned into the radio to hear his speech. Roosevelt uses many rhetorical devices to get American to unite against Japan. His speech uses the rhetorical devices logos, ethos, and pathos to argue his side. He uses
In his “State of the Union” speech, President Barack Obama effectively uses the rhetorical devices of Ethos, Pathos and Logos to convey a more convincing message to the citizens of the United States to urge them to follow the example of the many people that have made their nation greater.
President Trump’s inaugural address was a speech many have called short, brutish, but effective. While being shorter than the average inaugural address, falling nine-hundred and two words behind President Obama’s second inaugural address, it took only those one-thousand four-hundred and thirty-three words to reach out in an attempt to unite the divided American people. Trump’s speech effectively offers a new vision of our government, by connecting to people emotionally and logically, however lacking many facts and playing more off his credibility, many people questions his point in saying “empty talk is over.”
In this paper I am going to discuss the rhetorical appeals, as well as the argumentative structure, audience and purpose set forth by George W. Bush in his September 27 speech in Flagstaff, Arizona. More specifically I will refer to the rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos and logos, and explain how they are used to gain the support and attention of the audience and further the further the purpose of the speech. As I explain these appeals I will also give an insight into the argumentative structure and why it is apparent in this particular speech.
Every 20th of January, the United States undergoes the passing of power from one president, to another. On this specific election, Donald J. Trump was elected as president. He has received much criticism from opposition, but much praise from his supporters. Although a very controversial person, Trump gave a great speech that was based on uniting the people as one. Trump used multiple rhetorical strategies such as repetition, pauses in speech, and listing are just a few of them. Adding hints of populism, his speech was one that touched many citizens. While very controversial, Trump’s inauguration speech was one that was based on the people, not the elite, about bringing back what made America great, and uniting everyone as one.
Throughout more than two hundred years Americans have witnessed more then fifty-six inaugural addresses. In those speeches presidents have been utilizing rhetoric to make their points and outline their positions on important issues before the nation. Both of President Obama’s Inauguration Speeches successfully craft rhetoric through
The speech given by Mr. President Deals with the consequences of violent actions and it raises questions of morality. It is an attempt to guide the American people through their hard times and motivating them.
President Obama’s Inaugural Speech: Rhetorical Analysis. Barrack Obama’s inauguration speech successfully accomplished his goal by using rhetoric to ensure our nation that we will be in safe hands. The speech is similar to ideas obtained from the founding documents and Martin Luther King’s speech to establish ‘our’ goal to get together and take some action on the problems our country is now facing. As President Barack Obama starts his speech, he keeps himself from using ‘me’, ‘myself’, and ‘I’ and replacing it with ‘we’, ‘us’, and ‘together’ to achieve his ethos.
Lopatto, Paul. Religion and the Presidential Election. Edited by Gerald M. Pomper. New York: Praeger, 2014.
“The beauty of me is that I am very rich” according to Donald Trump. His ignorance has lead him to do things that he shouldn’t being doing or has done. In the past few months he has been racist man that would insult people that are from a different race. When Trump started running for president he would insult and bully everybody in general not knowing the people’s stories. He made people seem like they are poor and have nothing to live for, Trump’s inability to see past his greed. He wants to separate the United States and wants people to think he is the best of the best; Trump should not be President.
President Obama’s Address to the nation was presented on January 5, 2016. His speech was shown on all of the major network stations. The main goal of his speech was to get the point across to the nation about the increasing problem of gun use. His speech really focused on the issue of gun control and if it would benefit the country. Overall, the biggest idea of his Address was that gun control is a large issue in the United States. The way to prevent deaths caused by firearms can be prevented in other ways than taking peoples guns away. The examples brought up in this Address really stood out to me. The use of personal, national, and global examples really made his speech stronger on the topic of effectiveness.
Let’s take a step back to 2008 in Philadelphia. Neither the city nor year suggests that history is going to be made. On March 18, 2008, at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Barack Obama took the stage and delivered a speech that would portray the racial landscape of his presidency. In his speech, Obama points out rhetorical tactics to support his argument that we as Americans in this country need to be united for racial equality to exist. He begins his speech with a back story to highlight the kairotic moment present, then appeals to pathos through lots of examples of racial injustice to signify the need for such change, and then uses his appeals to ethos to suggest ways of change for Americans, both black and white. The speech was very successful: people from both sides praised his bravery, and later the same year, Obama demolished McCain in a close victory to secure his presidency.
President Obama's Speech Analysis President Obama gave a speech on the twenty-seventh of May twenty-sixteen. The president spoke at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial in Hiroshima, Japan at five forty-five pm Japanese standard time. The audience consisted of the Hibakusha, the survivors, of the Hiroshima bombing and the entire world. It was broadcasted around the world through television so everyone could see what was happening at the memorial. Mr. Obama was there to apologize on behalf of America for our Country's past wrong doings and speaking of the two nations coming together as one individual.
Trump states "There are territories and terror states and terror nations that we 're not going to allow the people to come into our country,” which proves his hatred towards Muslims. Trump also plans to build a wall on the southern border, which would separate America and Mexico and have the Mexicans pay for it. This is Trump’s way of saying that Mexicans are also banned from America. In an interview, Trump says “I don 't want people coming in from certain countries. I don 't want people coming in from the terror countries. You have terror countries! I don 't want them, unless they 're very, very strongly vetted." This shows his strong detest for people from terror countries. Trump has his own beliefs, but I personally think his demands and promises are foolish, and in the twenty first century, we should already be at the stage of equality where we allow everyone the right to immigrate.