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The argument for animal rights
Animal experiment ethical issue
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Recommended: The argument for animal rights
In the article “Killing to stay alive” the author details how hard it can be to balance the idea of ethics with the advancement of science. He says how difficult it can be to weigh whether the scientific gain is worth the lost lives of the animal test subjects. Ericson specifically looks at how being able to bioengineer genetics and mutations allows for even more discrepancies in animal research, as the gray area of ethics is expanded, and the definitive line of what is ethical and what is not is blurred. Finally, he mentions how importance of have organizations such People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, which make sure that research groups are being ethical in their research. The article aides my research by helping highlight some
of the problems of animal research, and the ethical gray areas that can arise. By showing some of the less ethical areas of Clinical animal research, it makes it takes a look at both sides of the story, and not just the pro side. The article provides a different perspective than most of the other articles, as it holds less of a pro-animal testing standpoint than my other sources, it also considers a slightly different area of animal research then I am focusing on, such as the alteration of biogenetics and transgenesis. This article has credibilty, because it uses references from other publish, and peer reviewed works to support its claims. It also has quotes from different scholars and organizations within the animal rights and animal testing community. I believe that this article will provide an interesting perspective to my research, by providing an alternative view to my own. This journal discusses the use of animals in vaccine development, and how scientists are currently working on different ways to test vaccines during production that do not involve testing on animals. The journal mentions how when a new vaccine candidate is ready to be tested, it must be tested using animals before it can go into a clinical trial with human subjects. So, while there are currently animal alternatives being tested, scientists have yet to find a test subject that responds as similarly as animals do to vaccine tests. The article finishes by stating that though researchers are working on alternatives to animal testing, it may be many years before a good alternative is found. The article tells how in Australia there are procedures that must be followed before a new research study can be conducted with animals. The researchers weigh whether the loss of the animals is outweighed by the gain of the research or vice versa. They were also developing a system to effectively measure the benefits of the studies over the cost, both ethically and monetarily. The system also then helps you determine the balance of those two subjects. The journal also examines the balance between productivity and animal welfare, to help decide where to draw the ethical line. This article helps show the ways in which researchers are being held accountable for what they are doing, and how they are conducting their experiments. It adds to my research by showing specific protocol that researchers must go through and pass before they can begin their studies, which helps reduce the gray areas of what is ethical in animal testing. This article is similar to some of my other articles because it looks at the ways that research groups are being made to maintain certain levels of ethics. This article especially differs from differ my first source because this article is pro-animal testing where as my first source was much more anti-using animals in clinical research studies. This source is credible because it uses private and government policies to show the different procedures it discusses. It also references specific laws and protocols. The author is also a known figure in the field of animal ethics and research.
Often people are not what they seem. According to Roald Dahl, in “Lamb to the Slaughter,” “But there needn’t really be any fuss. I hope not anyway. It wouldn’t be very good for my job.” When in public Patrick Maloney was the doting husband, but when the doors hid outside eyes Patrick revealed his true feelings. He wanted a divorce. He wanted to ruin his wife and soon-to-be child, but without anyone knowing. Thought the passage, the tone is revealed as condescending. The way Mr. Maloney talks to his wife is as though she is a small and unknowing child.
Sister Helen Prejean, author of Dead Man Walking is a multi-faceted character and person. Her opinions on equality, racism, governmental and justice systems are cultivated and intellectual, truly brought forth in her writing. In this first chapter, Prejean begins her journey of understanding the corrupt systems of government, and their unjust practices such as the death penalty, through this she seeks to help those affected by the unjustness of the systems. Her use of logos, pathos, and ethos through strategies such as presenting statistics, descriptions of memories and explanations of religious ties help her opinion become prominent throughout the chapter.
According to the FBI, more than 75 percent of all murder victims are women, and more than 50 percent of the women are between the ages of 14 and 29 years old. A part of that statistic is Kitty Genovese,a murder victim who is the focus of an editorial, “The Dying Girl that No One Helped,” written by Loudon Wainwright. Kitty was a 28 year old woman who was brutally stabbed to death while on her way home from work. The woman, named Kitty Genovese, lived in a pleasant, welcoming, residential area, in New York. There was at least 38 witnesses that came forward, and they all heard her cries for help, but no one came to her aid. Wainwright effectively demonstrates how society has started turning a “blind-eye” toward problems that can endanger someone's
The chapter, Church, has the troop hold up in a church for a few days. In the church, the monks take an immediately likely to the troop help with food and weapon cleaning. A few of the soldiers discuss what they wanted to do before the war. The troops learn more about each other and insight into what faith can be to them.
The Letter from Birmingham Jail was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in April of 1963. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of several civil rights activists who were arrested in Birmingham Alabama, after protesting against racial injustices in Alabama. Dr. King wrote this letter in response to a statement titled A Call for Unity, which was published on Good Friday by eight of his fellow clergymen from Alabama. Dr. King uses his letter to eloquently refute the article. In the letter dr. king uses many vivid logos, ethos, and pathos to get his point across. Dr. King writes things in his letter that if any other person even dared to write the people would consider them crazy.
In Coretta Scott King’s essay, “The Death Penalty is a Step Back”, the readers are shown the author's view of the death penalty and how she supports this stance by using the three rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos, to draw the reader in to her paper.
Pollan’s article provides a solid base to the conversation, defining what to do in order to eat healthy. Holding this concept of eating healthy, Joe Pinsker in “Why So Many Rich Kids Come to Enjoy the Taste of Healthier Foods” enters into the conversation and questions the connection of difference in families’ income and how healthy children eat (129-132). He argues that how much families earn largely affect how healthy children eat — income is one of the most important factors preventing people from eating healthy (129-132). In his article, Pinsker utilizes a study done by Caitlin Daniel to illustrate that level of income does affect children’s diet (130). In Daniel’s research, among 75 Boston-area parents, those rich families value children’s healthy diet more than food wasted when children refused to accept those healthier but
Although not as strictly addressed, there is still a schism when it comes to the matters of experimentation involving animals. Those in opposition of it see it as being against the will of the animal, because animals have no say in the matter. However, through animal experimentation there has been vast medical advances in hospitals and veterinarians , research has led to cures for various diseases that would normally take many more years to cure, and the use of animals is highly ethical considering what could be the alternative, although there is progress being made to change these measures. This is how animal experimentation is of use to society for humans and animals.
Zak, Steven. “Ethics and Animals.” Taking Sides: Science, Technology, and Society. Gilford: Dushkin Publishing Group, 2007
“Animals and Research Part 4: Ethics of using animals in research.” Editorial. Seattle Post-Intelligencer 20 Apr. 2000 <http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/anml4.shtml>.
Jonathan Kozol revealed the early period’s situation of education in American schools in his article Savage Inequalities. It seems like during that period, the inequality existed everywhere and no one had the ability to change it; however, Kozol tried his best to turn around this situation and keep track of all he saw. In the article, he used rhetorical strategies effectively to describe what he saw in that situation, such as pathos, logos and ethos.
When someone goes to the store and buys a product, or is prescribed medication, they don’t have to worry if the product is safe to use nor should they. The entire human race benefits from animal research. “Without animal research, medical science would come to a total standstill”(O’Neil 210). It is not as if Scientist and researchers just sit in their labs all day and torture animals for fun. Not to mention animal use is being reduced as much as possible, “most scientist are glad to use alternative test because they are usually faster and cheaper than test on animals”(Yount 72). However, “you cannot study kidney transplantation or diarrhea or high bloodpressure on a computer screen”(O’Neil 212). Besides, “Animal research has led to vaccines against diptheria, rabies, tuberculosis, polio, measles, mumps, cholera, whooping cough, and rubella. It has meant eradication of smallpox, effective treatment for diabetes and control of infection with powerful antibiotics. The cardiac pacemaker, microsurgery to reattach severed limbs, and heart, kidney, lung, liver and other transplants are all possible because of animal research”(O’Neil 210).
As in any debate though there is always an opposing side, which seems to toss out their opinions and facts as frequently as the rest. So many in today’s world view animal research as morally wrong and believe animals do have rights. Peter Singer, an author and philosophy professor, “argues that because animals have nervous systems and can suffer just as much as humans can, it is wrong for humans to use animals for research, food, or clothing” (Singer 17). Do animals have any rights? Is animal experimentation ethical? These are questions many struggle with day in and day out in the ongoing battle surrounding the controversial topic of animal research and testing, known as vivisection.
Throughout the years animal rights groups and organizations have frowned upon animal experiments. Animal testing has been thought to be inhumane and cold-hearted to animals. Because of these accusations medical researchers have to suffer threats from individuals and the media. If animal testing weren’t allowed would that be a drawback in advancement in medical research? Animal testing is beneficial to people because these trails lead to improvements in medical research. Animal experiments have led to finding new cures and vaccines to fatal illnesses. Because animal experiments are helpful in making vaccines to prevent these sicknesses, these trails are the reason so many lives are saved. Animal testing is very necessary and useful to people, but animal rights groups believe that these trails doesn’t benefit humanity. According to Ellen Paul, “Breakthroughs in treating injuries, like practically all medical advances, depend upon experimentation on animals.” Animal experiments have given way to many new instruments to fight against diseases like cancer (Paul). For example, mice and other rodents contributed to scientists developing new tools for fighting different forms of cancers (Paul). Animal testing has helped science in many ways, but animal organizations like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) believe that these experiments are cruel to animals. Even though most animals endure some sort of pain during these experiments, the results are very beneficial to people.
Natural sciences are sciences whose methodology is based on the observation of the physical world. Unlike ethics it is a highly empirical discipline. The basic and perhaps only way used to produce knowledge in the scientific world is through inductive reasoning, as the methodology that is usually followed by scientists involves conducting several experiments and making observations, based on which they make logical conclusions. Ethical judgements hinder the methods of acquiring knowledge through scientific development. Several methods require the interaction with animals, which could end up being harmful for them. Moral codes and values oppose to such situations and therefore encourage us to raise concerns every time there is a potential for scientific research involving animal experimentation. As I learned in my IB Biology course, Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of organs from animals,...