Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Accrual accounting
Accrual accounting
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Accrual accounting
Executive summary
Overall Revive Marketing is doing well based on the performance on its income statement, and a positive profit has been recognised. However, its cash position does not show any sign of improvement. This report discusses the reasons of this issue in two aspects, the nature of the profit figure in income statement and the accounting method has been applied in recording.
Findings can be summarized as:
- Relationship between profit and cash positions
- Pros and Cons in using accrued accounting method
Recommendations mainly focus on the delay of software update, avoid ethical problems and regularly record and review the accounting documents in order to better monitoring the performance.
Table of Contents
Executive summary 2
1. Introduction 4
2. Discussion 5
2.1 Profit in Income Statement 5
2.2 Accrual accounting 5
3. Conclusion 6
4. Recommendations 6
References 7
1. Introduction
This report briefly introduces the current financial position of Revive Marketing, and discusses the reasons behind these financial data.
The main issue discussed in this report is why an improvement of profit has been noticed during the accounting period while cash position has not been increased.
This report contains information that is calculated under accrual accounting principle. Because all transactions are recorded at the time when they are made rather than when actual money has been made or received, there is a likelihood that transactions are shown on one accounting period but actual change has not be made it, and it may deliver biased information about the company’s true financial position.
2. Discussion
2.1 Profit in Income Statement
...
... middle of paper ...
...ally is increased. Alan should consider hire a part time accountant and separate the duties, letting one accountant handle cash and letting the other one record all the documents.
Although preparing accounting documents less frequently could reduce the cost of accounting, it also provides weaker information about the financial position of the company. Therefore, change the accounting period into quarterly is not recommended.
References
Haber, Jeffry R (2004). Accounting demystified. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p. 91.
Helfert, Erich A. (2001). "The Nature of Financial Statements: The Income Statement". Financial Analysis - Tools and Techniques - A Guide for Managers. McGraw-Hill. p. 40.
Limitations of Accrual Accounting by Julie Davoren, Demand Media, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/limitations-accrual-accounting-61462.html, Retrieved 4th may, 2014.
Reimers, Jane L. (2003). Financial Accounting A Business Process Application. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
By lowering selling prices across the board, Opossumtown, Inc. reduced its inventory turnover ratio, cutting the number of days to sell inventory from 174 days to 104 days; that is a 40% improvement. Opossumtown, Inc. also cut the number of days it takes to collect its credit accounts from 68 to 44 days, again that is 35% better than the previous year. The company is able to do this while cutting its debt ratio by 10% and increasing its current ratio by 25%, making it appear more favorable in terms of liquidity. As promising as this may look, this is not the whole picture. Opossumtown, Inc. shows an 11% decline in gross profit as well as operating income ratios, and a 3% decrease on the profit margin ratio. The decline of these ratios is a result of the company’s new strategy of decreasing the selling price and increasing its marketing and selling expenses. Opossumtown, Inc. made some noteworthy advancements with the implementation of its new plan for 2014. However, based on the assessment of the balance sheet, income statement and the ratios, the corporation did not achieve its goal to increase operating income by 6% and net income by 4%. Opossumtown, Inc. was only able to grow its operating income by a little more than half of one percent and net income by
References Financial Accounting Standards Board. 2006, July 6 -. Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Financial Accounting Series, 1-55. Wolk, H., Dodd, J., & Tearney, M. (2003).
We did quite a great job at making the profit because as you can see the number above. We only invest $55.00, but we the revenue that we received from customers were up to $138.00. Next is the GST from sales are $138.00, our GST is $18.00, GST of expenses is $13.73 while GST for IRD is $4.26 we have only been reselling our products, so that why the GST statement is easily set up, the total for our net profit is actually $40.00, but because we have mines 7.20 therefore we only have got $32.80 in our net profit. In the balance sheet statement as you can also see there are only a few number “once again it’s because we invest in a small amount of money” so the amount of number that I have put in the columns just a few. For current assets we have got $78.80 but current liabilities, non- current assets and non- current liabilities are none which is because we did not sell a lot of products. In the owner equality I have got capital $55.00 whereas we have got $32.80 on our net profit which is cool. In the net profit margin (net profit before tax ÷ net sales, in this edition I will only show the perseratus so the results is in the percent which 23.7% whereas return on owner’s equality diving by total owner equality which is 37.3%
Marshall, M.H., McManus, W.W., Viele, V.F. (2003). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Marshall, D. H., McManus, W. W, & Viele, D. (2002). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 5th ed. San Francisco: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Gibson, C. H. (2011). Financial reporting & analysis: Using financial accounting information. (12th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
This paper will discuss these steps in detail. Because I work at home, I am not currently involved in any of the steps of the accounting cycle. The examples I give in this paper will be from various jobs I have held in the past.
The statement of cash flow report shows the effect of all transactions that involve or influence cash but don’t appear on the income statement” (Siciliano, 2015, p. 29). Our executives review the income statement along with statement of cash flow to determine what cuts they will be making if the statements are negative or not meeting the projected forecast. Our current market conditions have been on the decline and have been since the third quarter of 2014. The market conditions have declined at an unforeseen rate. The market forecast for 2016 is projected to be flat according to Eaton’s economic analyst, Arun Raha. The finance department puts out a weekly report similar to an income statement for the executives to review. The executives review the report to make tentative plans on what they will do for staffing, plant shut downs and mandatory unpaid leave of absences (MULA) for the following month. Sometimes these decisions are made within a few weeks’ time. An example on November 3rd, the they decided to shut down two of our plants for two days in November that was not originally planned. The results on the income statement has also lead to three rounds of layoffs.
When analyzing Coca-Cola’s statement of cash flow, the first thing to note is a steady increase in operating activities within the past few years. These transactions affect the net income. From 2001 to 2003 the cash from net income increased from $4.1 million to $5.5 million. The operating activities is often the most important cash flow of a business because it shows the cash from revenue compared to the payments made for expenses (2).
This study is an attempt to examine the impact of Earnings management on the profitability of the firms. Earnings management has emerged as a vital issue in recent past for the firms, investors, analysts and the capital markets for profitability manipulation. The study was conducted on the companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. The sample included 98 companies comprising different sectors and taking five year financial data from annual reports of those selected companies from year 2002 to year 2006. Modified Jones model was applied to calculate the discretionary accruals which were violently used to manage earnings and used as a proxy of earnings management in the literature. Cross sectional time series regression was used for empirical verification of the findings of the study. Results showed that the Earnings Management has negative impact on the profitability of the companies.
What has to be remembered is that accrual principle is said to be more complete by containing elements of cash accounting (Toma et al., 2015, p. 1050). In her research, Julie Cotter, found out that accrual accounting reflects value relevant instances better than cash flow accounting over longer periods of time. Her argument was that in the short periods accruals are mostly useful due to their cash-basis components, and the importance of accruals increases with time (Cotter, 1996, p. 149). On the other hand, Dechow stated that as the time span is lengthened, the ability of measuring the performance correctly using the cash-basis method improves relative to accrual accounting (Dechow, 1994, p. 35). She went even further claiming that when a firm has more volatile activities it could suffer from cash flow method inefficiency.
Financial reporting quality is related to the overall quality of the financial statements including disclosures which depict the fair presentation of the firm. Whereas in low financial reporting quality accounting figures are distorted or changed in such a way that their economic underlying reality is not correctly exhibited. For instance if the depreciable life of an asset is estimated in such a way which contradicts with its real economic life then it can be said that financial reporting quality is affected. In many cases there are alternatives available in the accounting standards or estimation and judgment is involved of the management. However, management can exploit these alternatives or judgments to change figures according to their desired outcome. For instance if management want to show lower earnings they can choose alternatives between inventory valuation methods (LIFO in case of rising prices) or lower depreciable lives. Management is usually in a position to manipulate figures because they are the ones who are responsible for preparing financial statements. American ...
Peasnell, KV 1982, ‘The function of a conceptual framework for corporate financial reporting’, Accounting & Business Research, vol. 12, issue. 48, pp. 243-256, viewed 05 May 2014
Change is inevitable. Yogi Berra once said “The future ain’t what it used to be.” It is clear that the future of the accounting profession ain’t what it used to be (Gormon and Hargadon 1). The changes occurring are happening fast, they are dynamic and they are completely and undeniably real. Since the world around the accountant is changing, the accountant has no option but to change as well. The field of accounting has always been one to know change and to know adjustment, but within the recent past and certainly within the next few decades, the changes that are occurring and will occur absolutely are the most dramatic and exponential yet. Obvious changes lie in the expanding scope of services performed by accountants, the increased use of