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Sexism in movies essay
Foucault history of sexuality essay
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Although Foucault’s idea that there was an upsurge of discourse about sex from the 18th century on may be correct, that does not necessarily negate the concept that there wasn’t still repression of sex. People can still talk and write about sex, but simply having dialogue is not be enough – what is more important is to have productive dialogue that challenges and advances ideas about sexuality. If discourse maintains the status quo of sex, it is not groundbreaking. Foucault uses the medicalization of sex to support his argument that there was increased discourse about sex. However, Alfred Kinsey’s work in the 1950s may show Foucault’s error in thinking that acknowledging a subject necessarily means improving conversations around it. For instance, …show more content…
For every movie that shows a sexist depiction of a woman’s sexuality, there might be another that has a very pro-feminist message. There have also been more female directors now than in the past; “Fifty Shades of Grey,” a movie that many have criticized as manipulating BDSM practices to legitimize physical violence, was directed by a female director, based on a novel by a female author and its screenplay was written by a female writer (“Female Sexuality”). Thus, Foucault would say that it is not a “binary” power situation after all, with men pitted against women. If there is unfair treatment and portrayal of women, there are also women who are perpetuating these images. Power is being held by the female creators in that situation, so perhaps it is because they were not repressed that they had the freedom to make such a sexually explicit film. However, these female directors might have been influenced and controlled by greater powers, such as the executives of the movie studio, in order to make a more profitable film that also appealed to men. These women perhaps faced pressure from a more powerful entity, so in that situation they are not actually in control of the entire film production process. In the end, the “male gaze” and a male-driven culture still dominates, further perpetuating the repression of female sexuality in
At the beginning of the 1900s, there was a “sexual revolution” in New York City. During this time, sexual acts and desires were not hidden, but instead they were openl...
Led by Laura Mulvey, feminist film critics have discussed the difficulty presented to female spectators by the controlling male gaze and narrative generally found in mainstream film, creating for female spectators a position that forces them into limited choices: "bisexual" identification with active male characters; identification with the passive, often victimized, female characters; or on occasion, identification with a "masculinized" active female character, who is generally punished for her unhealthy behavior. Before discussing recent improvements, it is important to note that a group of Classic Hollywood films regularly offered female spectators positive, female characters who were active in controlling narrative, gazing and desiring: the screwball comedy.
Since the dawn of man, sex has played a crucial role in society. Before they learned to read or write humans were engaging in sex and without it none of us would be here. In today’s society, sex has grown to become much more complicated. If I were to ask a group of people on the street what they believed sex was? I bet they would have a hard time answering. The question puzzling society today is how do we define sex? Can we define sex? These are questions raised in Tracy Steele’s article “Doing it: The Social Construction of S-E-X”. This article is about the current questions and issues that have been raised about sex within today’s society. In this paper I will summarize the key points of the article, while sharing my own thoughts and opinions of Steele’s findings.
Mainstream movies are about men’s lives, and the few movies about women’s lives, at their core, still also revolve around men (Newsom, 2011). These female leads often have male love interests, looking to get married or get pregnant. Strong independent female leads are still exist for the male view, as they are hypersexualized, or the “fighting fuck toy,” (Newsom, 2011). This depiction has created a culture where women are insecure and waiting for a knight on a horse to come rescue and provide for her as well as the acceptance of women
American commercial cinema currently fuels many aspects of society. In the twenty-first century it has become available, active force in the perception of gender relations in the United States. In the earlier part of this century filmmakers, as well as the public, did not necessarily view the female“media image” as an infrastructure of sex inequality. Today, contemporary audiences and critics have become preoccupied with the role the cinema plays in shaping social values, institutions, and attitudes. American cinema has become narrowly focused on images of violent women, female sexuality, the portrayal of the “weaker sex” and subversively portraying women negatively in film. “Double Indemnity can be read in two ways. It is either a misogynist film about a terrifying, destroying woman, or it is a film that liberates the female character from the restrictive and oppressed melodramatic situation that render her helpless” (Kolker 124). There are arguably two extreme portrayals of the character of Phyllis Dietrichson in Double Indemnity; neither one is an accurate or fare portrayal.
At the turn of the 19th century Americans faced a multitude of cultural changes, involving contraceptive acceptance, sexuality changes, and modernism acceptance. Contraceptives were illegal in the early 1900s and posed many relationship problems between married couples since they wanted to be intimate. New ideas about sexuality and affection changed the views on appropriate erotic practices to indulge in within single people typically around college age. Women and men didn’t wait until marriage before having some type of sexual relation, which caused family problems and government intervention because of the negative views of being promiscuous. Modernism ideals developed with the introduction of new sciences and the argument of evolution
In The Introduction to the History of Sexuality, Foucault explains how during the 19th century with the raise of new societies, the discourse or knowledge about sex was not confronted with repulsion but it “put into operation an entire machinery for producing true discourses concerning sex” (Foucault 69). In fact, this spreading of discourse on sexuality itself gives a clear account of how sexuality has been controlled and confined because it was determined in a certain kind of knowledge that carries power within it. Foucault reflects on the general working hypothesis or “repressive hypothesis,” and how this has exercised power to suppress people’s sexuality. It has power on deciding what is normal or abnormal and ethical or unethical about sexuality. Through discourses of life and sexuality, power is exercised because humans learned how to behave in relation to sexuality, which method keep individuals controlled and regulated. This explains why people experience that sense of behaving inappropriate when we talk about sex in a different way than the whole society. Foucault points up how sexuality is not just treated in terms of morality, but it is a matter of knowledge and “truth.” However, these discourses, including sexual discourses are not true or false, but they are just understood to be the truth or falsehood to control society. As a result, sexuality begins to be explored in a scientific way, developing the “truth” science of sex (Foucault 69). For Foucault, he asserts that sexuality has developed as a form of science that keeps us all afraid of such phenomena, which people think to be true, thus this science helps society to discipline and control individuals’ behaviors.
Unlike sex, the history of sexuality is dependant upon society and limited by its language in order to be defined and understood.
Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. New York: Vintage Books.
Before Alfred Kinsey’s research, the social norms on sex were much different than they are today. In the 1940’s and 50’s sex was a topic that was too taboo to talk about. Supposedly, no one engaged in pre-marital sex, oral intercourse, anal intercourse, or any type of homosexual relations. Almost anything sexually related was seen as wrong. Intercourse was only to be used to reproduce. Even then, ‘the stork’ brought the babies or they were grown in ‘cabbage patches’. This thought may have started with Queen Victoria, when asked about her thoughts on pregnancy after having 9 children of her own, stated the she hated the idea of pregnancy. Women were also supposed to stay true to the Cult of True Womenhood and be pure for their husband. Homophobia
He believes that the way in which sexuality is expressed, by different philosophers, is the wrong way to think of sexuality. Through his philosophy his main goal is to question sexuality itself and for society to question the idea of the sexuality options given. Foucault has participated in many revolution such as women and gay revolutions and in the movements pertaining to the solitary prisoners faced in the 70’s. Foucault believed in observing and participating in social movements. He believed that in order to understand the present ies, history needed to be explained and observed. Being able to see historical movements, in a linear matter, gives us the ability to see the problems in the present day. When describing his books, Foucault often referred to them as the history of the present. Foucault ultimately believed that in order to understand the present time one must look at past events. The example of expressing the past in order to understand the future can be further explained in his book, History of sexuality. History of Sexuality is also used by Foucault to further explain sexuality and his critique of the repressive hypothesis. In Foucault’s book he speaks on many historical events, as well as the politics of truth, the origination of confession and lastly the explosion of sexuality in a form of
... decades ago. This book is one that will allow the reader to view many aspects of sexuality from a social standpoint, and apply it to certain social attitudes in our society today, these attitudes can range from the acceptance of lesbian and gays, and the common sight of sex before marriage and women equality. The new era of sexuality has taken a definite "transformation" as Giddens puts it, and as a society we are living in the world of change in which we must adapt, by accepting our society as a changing society, and not be naive and think all the rules of sexuality from our parents time our still in existence now.
Feminism is a movement that supports women equality within society. In relation to film, feminism is what pushes the equal representation of females in mainstream films. Laura Mulvey is a feminist theorist that is famous for touching on this particular issue of how men and women are represented in movies. Through her studies, she discovered that many films were portraying men and women very differently from reality. She came up with a theory that best described why there is such as huge misrepresentation of the social status quos of male and female characters. She believed that mainstream film is used to maintain the status quo and prevent the realization of gender equality. This is why films are continuously following the old tradition that males are dominant and females are submissive. This is the ideology that is always present when we watch a movie. This is evident in the films from the past but also currently. It is as if the film industry is still catering to the male viewers of each generation in the same way. Laura Mulvey points out that women are constantly being seen as sexual objects, whether it is the outfits they wear or do not wear or the way they behave, or secondary characters with no symbolic cause. She states that, “in traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote it-be-looked-at-ness.”(Mulvey pg. 715). Thus, women are nevertheless displayed as nothing more than passive objects for the viewing pleasure of the audience. Mulvey also points out through her research that in every mainstream movie, there is ...
When reading a novel narrated from a 1st person point of view, the reader is given a biased opinion, whether it’s about the characters, scenery, or the overall plot. Also, when reading a book in the 1st person the reader is given a sense in what direction the book is headed, whether it’s a love story, mystery, a tragedy and so forth. A rarity in literature in when a story is told twice, from two point of views; the same story, from the two main characters. EL James wrote both books Fifty Shades of Grey and Grey. Fifty Shades of Grey was the first book in the series told from Anastasia’s point of view. Then, multiple years later she wrote the fourth book, Grey. As the last book was then told from Anastasia’s partner (and future husband in the
Sex is an integral part of society, it permeates the life of every person. In many cases it defines how we act and feel. However, when sex becomes the topic of conversation the conversation becomes uncomfortable and is considered taboo. In this case what taboo means is that the topic, sex, is not up for discussion for fear of social backlash. During the twentieth century, this backlash was often ostracization and shaming. These punishments are not befitting of a topic like sex, sex deserves to be discussed openly and in full view of society as both a medium of expression and an acceptable topic of conversation. Sex does not deserve to be censored or relegated to a dark corner because it should never be talked about in public. Sex provides a medium through which the true desires and indeed the true nature of a person can be expressed and examined. Meaning that an author is able to more freely express himself/herself through sex than any other topic.