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Administration of Tokugawa
History of social change in japan
The Tokugawa shogunate political and economic
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For the reunification of Japan to occur in the 1600’s, a new government system would have to be formed. The main goal of the government would be to stop the fighting between daimyo, local lords. Before the Tokugawa Shogunate took control, Toyotomi Hideyoshi became the dominate daimyo of Japan. But when he passed away it was Tokugawa Ieyasu who created an imperial rule by establishing the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1603. Even under the Tokugawa’s rule, the daimyo kept their own land and laws, just as long as every other year they stayed in Edo. Edo was the new administrative capital set up by the Shogunate. Even before Japan’s reunification, the society had been split into certain classes. When the Tokugawa had control the made these class systems
Japanese revolts ensue with the opening of Japan to the Western World. The middle and lower classes wanted Japan to be open while the conservative daimyo did not. Both of these groups looked to the emperor for a decision. The shogunate, reliant on the isolation, collapsed under pressures caused by outsid...
...ining power over its subjects. The Tokugawa instead took the wives and children of the shoguns semihostage in Edo to deter powerful families from taking over the Tokugawa. This is the way the Tokugawa handled the problem because they were no outsiders to Japan but they had many enemies within the state. The Tokugawa and Chinese, however, both closely maintained their contact with foreigners, especially in trade. The Chinese established the Canton system which limited the Europeans to trade in only one city and need a guild approval to trade. The Japanese solved this problem of foreign relations through directing all trade traffic to Honshu, a port city under Edo’s direct rule. This was significant because this direction of trade meant the Edo government could collect taxes on the products rather than another daimyo, drawing power and wealth away from rival families.
This became the era of the shogun empire and was the beginning of a new duel government in
At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Tokugawa Ieyasu set up a government in Edo (now Tokyo) and the Edo period began. The Tokugawa regime adopted an isolationist policy that lasted for more than 200 years, cutting off exchange with all countries except China and the Netherlands. The age of the Samurai came to an end with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, and a new system of government centered on the Emperor was set up. The new government promoted modernization, adopted Western political, social and economic systems, and stimulated industrial activity. The Diet was inaugurated, and the people began to enjoy limited participation in politics. From around 1920 a democratic movement gained strength.
The top structure of the society includes the Shoguns, Daimyos and Samurais. ‘Shogun’ was the title granted by the Emperor to Japan’s top military commander (Web-japan.org, 2013). Initially Emperors controlled the country but over time Shoguns became more powerful than the Emperor and took over the whole government, the Shogun was generally the real ruler of the country until 1867 when feudalism was abolished (Web-japan.org, 2013). Daimyos were the lords and their roles were to manage and maintain the law, collect taxes and aiding in armed forces for the Shogun (Ask.com, 2013). Samurais were the members of the military class, they were the warriors of traditional Japan. The roles of the Samurais were to protect and serve their daimyos or lords usually in wars (Answers.yahoo.com, 2013).
This book explains the historic of Japan in a different era. Beginning from the Japan’s early developmental years what it is today; Japan in the 21st century. There are breakdowns in this book that tells the story of the different periods in Japan too. Tokugawa Era was considered a critical period in Japan’s history as it helped Japan evolved to pre-war period and Japan’s 21st century. The main highlight of the book was in regards to Tokugawa Era as the author mainly focused on this critical period and there was elaborate research on this topic. Tokugawa Era was brought about by Tokugawa Ieyasu who was a military dictatorship and he helped achieve hegemony and stability over the entire country after the control and ruling of Japan for over 200 years since the 1600. The author was an Asian history professor and knows what he is writing and many years of research and effort have been placed in this book which is apparent. In conclusion, this book does provide relevant and sufficient research on this topic of interest.
Japan during the periods of 1600 – 1868 A.D. was a land of seclusion, military power and oppression. This was known as the Edo period. This however was one of the most peaceful times in Japan’s history. This peace was established through the military powers of the Tokugawa Shogunate. This peace brought with it no real individual freedoms. The supposed ruler of Japan the emperor was known as a du jure emperor, ruling by permission from the Tokugawa Shogunate. In 1868, the Tokugawa shogun lost its power and the emperor regained his power during what is known as the Meiji Restoration.
Ieyasu established his government at Edo, present-day Tokyo, where he had a huge castle. His was a stable, peaceful government beginning a period of Japanese history which was to last until the Imperial Restoration of 1868, for although Ieyasu himself died in 1616 members of his family succeeded each other and the title Shogun became virtually an hereditary one for the Tokugawas.
The new government tried to reform Japan through the rule of Meiji which means “enlightened rule” and they tried to reform Japan and tried to make it strong as the western countries.
Tokugawa Ieyasu ruled Japan after Hideyoshi died in 1598. In 1603, the emperor made Ieyasu, Shogun and established his government in Edo (Tokyo). “Shogun means commander-in-chief or a country's top military commander in feudal Japan ("Shogun | Define Shogun at Dictionary.com",n.d., p.1).” The Tokugawa shoguns ruled Japan for 250 years.
The country’s social and political institutions proved to be remarkably durable: eroded but far from demolished. They did not seem in 1850 to be on the point of being swept away. Not least, this was because the system of in institutional checks and balances coupled with deliberate regional fragmentation that had been devised to restrain the anticipated disaffection of samurai and feudal lords proved capable also of imposing controls on the new men of substance who might have challenged established order from outside the samurai class. Most of these men sought their opportunities of advancement through conformity, not revolution, accuring status by purchase or marriage while remaining politically
The Causes and Consequences of Social Instability in Japan in the 1920s and Early 1930s
Japans history dates back almost 53,000 years and is filled with interesting and fascinating events. Most of Japans actions have left the major world powers in the world stunned. The base of this amazing country is astonishing just by itself. The base is a bunch of active and large under water volcanoes. Japans uniqueness from the rest of the world ranges from its culture to its very interesting history to the change in government every few hundred years and their trading dilemma with petroleum and their assortment of fish that they export. Japan as a country is so very appealing and kind compared to the rest of the world its no wonder that it’s geographically separate from the rest of the world.
The second phase occurring between 1603 and 1868 is identified as the Tokugawa period and illustrates the efforts to centralize governmental authority and political stability. Here, the development of a centralized law enforcement system is reflective of that of
The Tokugawa dynasty ruled Japan from the period 1600-1868 that was known as the Tokugawa or Edo period, as Edo was the Capital city at this time (O’Neill,115).This clan came to power via Iyasu’s victory in the battle of Sekigahara in 1600 over the forces loyal to the house of Toyotomi (Gordon, 11). This was the last warrior clan to rule Japan, ending with the restoration of Imperial power in 1868 (O’Neill, 115). The warriors of this clan were known as samurai, a Japanese word meaning “one who serves”, the military elite that went on to establish themselves as the ruling class of military nobility over Japan from 1185-1868 (O’Neill, 106). They were also called bushi, another word for warrior (O’Neill, 108). The Tokugawa regime was known for its elaborate system of civil administration based on the Confucian philosophy (Totman, 98). This system was also established in order to maintain peace and consolidate power (Gordon, 9). It is the organs of this regime that will be analyzed in detail throughout this essay.