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Gilligan's work, which focuses on sex differences in moral reasoning, the perception of violence, the resolution of sexual dilemmas and abortion decisions, poses a major challenge to Kohlberg's theory by introducing a feminist perspective of moral development.Gilligan justifies her argument by creating the Three Stages of Moral Development for Women. The three major divisions are preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. The transitions between the stages are fueled by changes in the sense of self rather than in changes in cognitive capability. Kohlberg had shown that the average female attained a moral judgment rating of stage three good boy-nice girl. Gilligan suggests that these findings reveal a gender bias, not that females …show more content…
When it came to raising me along with my brothers and sisters my mom helped also with the decision making. In 6th grade, my parents sat me down to discuss the decisions made and explain to me how important it was for me to think through the decisions to become independent. My parents knew that they could not be with me 24 hours a day so they know how important making the right decisions would be. Therefore, this explained that stress independence/autonomy was present in my life. I think my parents thought entering middle school where most kids make life changing decisions i would be independent enough to make the correct decisions without falling into peer pressure. Also, I remember my parents sitting down and talking with my brothers and sister just before middle school. Now that i am older, my parents still have not change we still have discussions together about what we are doing in our lives and we ask each other for advice and value each others opinions. I think when i get married and have a family there will be independence/autonomy in my own family because of the way i was raised. Furthermore, when i look back on my life, I thought 6th grade was the perfect time just before middle school to sit down with my parents and i will sit down with my children at that grade/age. Finally, my parents encourage autonomy, they allowed and encouraged me to think, set goals
(Slide 3). Gilligan argues how women have initiated another way of looking at ethics. Gilligan pointed out that there are two types of moral reasoning’s. Male ethics are of justice and female ethics of care. The ethics of care for women is directed to the respond of the needs of others in complicated situations. This approach mainly involves concepts like having compassion, relationships, and responsibilities. (Slide 18). Ethics of justice thinks that the situation is important in determining how it should be treated. Men base justice on rights, applying the rules to everyone and responsibility goes toward codes of conduct. (Slide 19). Male perspectives are held more publicly and are concrete on rights of law. Women on the other hand perceive things as a private
After completing the group theoretical framework project for class, I was able to further understand the difference between traditional and alternatives theories. Furthermore, I obtain a better understanding and perception of both Erickson and Gilligan’s theories. This paper will on reflect my critical understanding and perceptions of the use of Erikson and Gilligan’s theories with marginalized populations in social work practice. As well as any ethical issues that I saw when applying these theories to a client’s situation.
My parents have always pushed me to be better than they were. They knew that if I wanted to be successful I needed to go to college. In highschool, they always made me put my education before anything else. My parents didn’t go to college so they would always tell me to not make that mistake because their lives could have been easier if they would of just invested a few more years into their education. They would also tell me about all the opportunities that missed out on because they decided not to further their education.
Carol Gilligan (1982) sparked a heated academic debate with her popular book In a different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. In this book Gilligan departs from the traditional sequential stage modals advocated by luminary psychologists such as Piaget (1925) and Kohlberg (1969) and develops her own moral orientation model. Gilligan criticises these theories as she claims they are insensitive to females 'different voice' on morality and therefore result in women achieving lower stages, thereby labelling them morally inferior to men.
In the long run, obeying your parents is a very good thing that all people need to do in order to do well. Yet, we cannot follow them every single minute and second of every single day as we need to progress through life. Life is a journey that we need to ultimately complete on our own. In the end, everything will be on our shoulders, so our decisions cannot be held responsible through our parents. To finish, the three main reasons why children should not always obey their parents include that times have changed from when they were that age, parents think they know their child the best when they really don’t, and the children need to become self-reliant and their own individuals.
In my opinion, parents are the result of a young person’s actions. Parents or caregivers have the biggest influence in their children's lives. I think that the way you raise your children will reflect who they become and their morals. Growing up, a child learns by copying what their parents do for example for me, I got the habit of biting my nails from my mother. Cooking, cleaning, driving, are taught to us by our parents, therefore; children learn to carry on those skills they learn and use them in the future.
(4) Gilligan. C, (1982). In a different voice, psychological theory and women's development. Harward University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Also, in the family situation, pressures from the group (the family) often influence the individual's behavior making the individual's decisions more difficult. Therefore, someone not taught independence will have trouble standing up against the family. For example, Mikey holds a notion o...
Gilligan was the first to consider gender differences in her research with the mental processes of males and females in their moral development. In general, she noted differences between girls and boys in their feelings towards caring, relationships, and connections with other people. To specify that,
Kohlberg’s theory of the stages of moral development has gained some popularity despite being controversial. The claim that the levels form a “ladder,” the bottom being the immature child with a pre-conventional level and the top being a post conventional ethical individual. The sequence is unvarying and the subject must begin at the bottom with aspirations to reach the top, possibly doing so. (7) Research confirms that individuals from different cultures actually progress according to Kohlbergs theory, at least to the conventional level. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development continue to provide a foundation for psychology studies of moral reasoning. (6)
Carol Gilligan, in her writing In a Different Voice, drew a distinction between the male and female ways of thinking. This idea was further discussed by Virginia Held in her writing Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory, where she used such distinction to represent two different moral theories. She categorized male and female moral perspectives respectively as “the ethic of justice” and “an ethic of care”(Held p.331). “Ethic of justice” prioritizes the general in our moral values, as Held stated, “we try to see what the general features of the problem before us are”(Held p.329). It starts out as impartial, abstract universal principles which produce general rules for us to follow. We then apply these general rules in specific scenarios. In this case, we prefer reason over emotion since reason can help us better formulate these principles and rules. Conversely, “ethic of care” pays attention to the specific. I will note that “ethic of care” is not meant to challenge “ethic of justice”, as Held stated that “it will embrace emotion as providing at least partial basis for morality itself”(Held p.332).This approach aimed at understanding the details of different contexts and narratives before making a decision. Emotion, therefore, is encouraged as a tool to resolve concerns within specific
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Furthermore, Gilligan outlines 3 stages in her moral development. First , female children start out with a selfish orientation, which is only to care for themselves; however it has changed overtime. People tended to change their behavior or actions when they grow up or get old. They also tried to learn not to be selfish, but care and love for others . The second stage of Gilligan's theory is responsibility and carries on to ignoring needs of oneself. She claimed that women typically feel it is wrong to ignore other’s need , but they rather want to help people . This third stage is accepting the principle of care, which is learning the needs of others as well as oneself. According to Carol Gilligan, she argued that “it is just as wrong
It started out with parents that were always interested in education, mine and their own, whenever I learned something new; they were always interested in it also. I was taught from the beginning much about the things around me, outdoors and in. I remember when I was in high school my mother would actually want to work with me on calculus, b...
My parents raised me to be independent, which I can say that I am. I learned that I cannot always rely on other people and that I need to do things for myself, I control my own destiny. If I needed or wanted something done, then I would have to do it myself. I got a job in order to take my financial independence from my parents, one step further. At the same time, I was learning responsibility.