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Drug discovery and clinical research
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Research Proposal: Are antidepressants as effective as the pharmaceutical companies claim?
Introduction: For my research project I would like to explore the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs. Antidepressant drugs are used are used to treat major depression and other conditions, some of which include anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic pain and other disorders. Around the world antidepressants are used to cure these types of mental illnesses. It is argued by both medical professionals and other people whether or not they believe that antidepressants work. According to Mayo Clinic one in ten Americans take an antidepressant. Today, antidepressants have became the most common way around the world to treat major depression
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and other mental illnesses. While I conduct to I plan to be as level headed and unbiased as possible, however my prior interest in this topic has put me at odds with people that support the use of antidepressants. I believe that antidepressants are as effective as the pharmaceutical companies claim. However, it is possible through further research, that I will find evidence that claims they are not as effective. My purpose is to build an argument supporting the use of antidepressants.
To support my argument, I will need to inform my readers about the positive effects of antidepressants and then discuss governments role and how they can benefit from antidepressant drugs. My audience are my classmates (from many different backgrounds and studying different majors) and my professors. Although there is a wide range of articles and research on this topic, I believe the general public is not fully aware on the positive effects of antidepressants. My goal is that after reading my paper, the person will have a better understanding on the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs. I will be creating a research paper to explain my research and arguments to my audience. The printed copy of my paper will allow my readers to read my findings at their own pace and it will provide them with the easiest way to find the sources that I used to conduct further …show more content…
research. I plan to begin my paper with some background information , mostly recent findings unless I find something compelling from the past that I believe the audience must know to better understand the information I will be presenting. I will probably focus on a specific mental illness and positive effects antidepressants have on it. Research Question: Are antidepressants as effective as the pharmaceutical companies claim? Review of Literature: The book that originally sparked my interest in this topic was Katherine Read Dunbar’s Antidepressants, which talks about both positive and negatives of antidepressants and how it effects the human brain.
I have also came across in publications including WebMD, mention the uses of antidepressants. On the other hand I have found other articles that contradict the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs. I have also information on from the Mayo Clinic that talks about different antidepressants and which ones work better for different mental illnesses.
Search Plan and Relevant Sources: I will need to continue to seek out of range perspective on antidepressants as I develop my own argument. I plan to conduct some field research by interviewing people that have used antidepressant drugs. My friend, who would prefer to keep her identity private, has suffered from depression and has used antidepressants to treat her mental illness has a agreed to an interview. I also plan to do some further research and see if a doctor who prescribes antidepressants if they would be willing to set up an
interview. I have located multiple print sources on the subject through the library’s catalog, and by reading through the citations and sources used by the authors of these books, I have come across other books that I may use to further my investigation. In addition, I have used simple keywords and advanced searches on multiple search engines including Google and Bing to find several magazines, newspapers and scholarly journal article that have provided contrasting point of views on the effectiveness of antidepressants. From first person accounts of antidepressants to research that has been conducted on this topic, my research ranges in a wide variety. I would also like to that a look at specific cases and read about the actual outcome of the use of antidepressants. The American Journal of Psychiatry and other medical articles might be a good place to start my research. When I complete my first draft, I will conduct more research to help answer any questions that I have come across from my earlier research or expand on supporting evidence that I have already developed. Project Timeline: I have until December 2nd to complete my research paper. I have conducted multiple sources and plan on completing my proposal by September 29th. After that, I plan on conducting my interviews and completing my annotated bibliography by October 28th. I plan on starting my research paper around the time of November 13th and completing my draft and having it reviewed by my classmates and professor before the final due date. After my final draft is due, I will reflect on my paper and summarize the most important points to prepare for my presentation in class. Key Challenges: Finding a first hand source will probably be my biggest challenge throughout all of my research, but I do have some people in mind that I plan on asking to help me understand the positive effects/ the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs. I will contact them to get a feel for their willingness and availability. I believe that I have found some strong pieces of evidence for my paper, but I believe that my current research maybe a little to motivated towards my bias towards the topic. Another challenge I believe I will encounter is time. I have conducted some field research quickly and have very little time to interview my sources to complete my first draft. I am also concerned that my topic may be a little to narrow and I will need to broaden the topic in order to complete my paper. There are a lot of related issues that are interesting to my topic including other alternatives to antidepressant drugs and other uses for antidepressant drugs. Broadening my scope of my project may be difficult given the relevance of topics that I choose to address.
Treating depressive and bipolar disorders with antidepressants remains a popular option in clinical practice. Most clinicians choose the drug or class of drugs, usually selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI's, that is most effective and best tolerated with fewer severe side effects. These drugs are beneficial because they specifically target serotonin-based areas of the brain without affecting other neurotransmitter systems. SSRI's largely replaced tricyclic antidepressants which work by blocking the absorption (reuptake) of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, thereby increasing the levels of these two neurotransmitters in the brain. Tricyclic antidepressants present severe side effects and thus are usually only used when other treatments have failed. If SSRI's or tricyclics are not effective Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be prescribed. MAOI's, enhance tyramine to increase norepinephrine and serotonin. While taking MAOI's you must abstain from foods and alcohol that contain tyramine such as, yogurt, aged cheese, and substances such as cold medications. This is because a potential toxic reaction could occur. Additionally, other antidepressants may be utilized such as Wellbutrin (bupropion) an NDRI-
Antidepressant are a form of pharmacotherapy treatment developed to treat the symptoms of major depression. Antidepressants are used for many other types of conditions including anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, dysthymia, eating disorders, sleeping disorders, and substance abuse, pain syndromes, gastrointestional disorders. Antidepressants usually require several weeks to notice significant effects. There are no antidepressants or any medication that is completely free of adverse effects. This article explains that the adverse effects of antidepressant can decrease compliance and slow down the rate of recovery. It is important for one to take note of potential side-effects before choosing the best antidepressant to suit their personalized needs. Statistics show that about 28 percent of patients sto...
Antidepressants are a very powerful, yet helpful medication when they are taken through the correct guidance and instruction. What I really want my audience to understand from this research is that even though there is a lot of controversy when it comes to these drugs, and also sometimes toward those taking them, they can really help to change an individual's way of life for the time being. This research paper relates to me through pathos. I myself take antidepressants (Prozac) every since my father passed away. I do not want to rely on them for the rest of my life, because I do know the consequences that may come with the medicine. For now though, antidepressants have really helped me stay positive (for the most part) and keep my head up. The benefits of antidepressants outweigh the negative effects
I am quite fascinated by generalized control mechanisms and the role they play in the nervous system. I am also quite curious about the relationship between different generalized control mechanisms. The concept of mood and depression in particular have always interested me. I have always wondered what actually causes depression. Why can some people be in a perfectly good mood one day and then less than a week later start exhibiting the signs of clinical depression? I have always been curious about the role that experience and chemical imbalances play in depression and other mood disorders. I donUt totally understand how chemical depression can originate as the result of severe outside stressors in a personUs life. How can this stress go from simply stress in the experiences and environment of a person to a chemical imbalance? I have also wondered why certain people are more susceptible to depression than others. I am curious about whether genetics play a role in depression and whether certain people are more susceptible to depression because of the environment they live in or because of pharmacological reasons and genes. Throughout our class this year, I have wondered about the role that the I-function plays in depression. I find it interesting that it is possible to wake up one morning and be in a nasty mood even if I want to be in a good mood and my I-function is thinking RhappyS thoughts. Through my research for this paper I wanted to find out more about the different kinds of depression and exactly what goes on chemically in the brain when a person is depressed. I also wanted to do a little research on how depression can be treated. I wanted to try and determine how and when the line of simp...
... the body feels as the result of any number of reasons. Spreading more information to the public to raise awareness of the detrimental effects of antidepressants is the only way to combat the ongoing problem.
What determines a good' article from a bad' one? In the Des Moines Register on February 3, there was an article titled, More parents, doctors refuse to put kids on antidepressants," was written by Marilyn Elias. Elias is a well-known writer from USA Today, and has written on topics such as stress, marriage, and health. The article was about the effects on children, ages 18 and younger, taking depression pills. There are many elements that establish a good' article from a bad' one. Some of these elements would be the content, reader, and credibility.
Depression is a mental illness, which affects millions of Americans each year. Currently there are many prescription drugs, called anti-depressants that have been proven to successfully treat it. The causes of depression are somewhat of a medical enigma, however, it is known that depression is associated with a change in the brains chemistry involving the function of neurotransmitters (Reichert). This chemical change occurs in healthy brain’s, which experience sadness, but ends after the unpleasant stimulus is removed. In people suffering from depression this chemical change does not correspond to any particular stimulus. Symptoms of depression are often incapacitating and include severe and extended sadness, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of emptiness, irritability and anxiety (Reichert, Spake).
This paper will have two sections: The first section will be a brief explanation on what is depression. In addition, what is the percentage of depress people in the United States. Furthermore, it will discuss in details several theories that are best suited to treat depression disorder. Moreover, the theories that will be briefly discussed are as follows: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The second section will be a summary of a counseling session the learner had with a client and the treatment that was given to help alleviate and ceased the depression from reoccurring.
“Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15- to 19-year-olds. In any given year, about 20% of all high school students think of committing suicide; almost 10% try” (Cropper 112). This shocking statistic shows the high risk of suicide among teens, but what some might not know is that the most common form of treatment used to help teens suffering with depression is one that might also increase the risk of suicide and/or harmful actions to oneself. Tricyclic antidepressants such as Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, and Lexapro are commonly prescribed to adolescents and young adults to relieve symptoms of depression, and they work by either releasing more of the brain’s “happy chemical,” serotonin, in those with clinical depression, or by stopping the release of the brain’s emotional chemicals in those with manic depression (or other diseases such as bipolar disorder) (Silverstein 61). Although antidepressants can have a positive effect on the symptoms of depression, the risk of suicide among those who take it is too high to use as a first option. Suicidal behavior is a serious side effect in teens that are prescribed tricyclic antidepressants; depression should be treated with safer alternatives, such as behavioral treatment or other forms of therapy as opposed to such a “trial and error” approach.
According to the FDA, about 2.5% of children and around 8% of adolescents are affected by depression (Temple). A common way to treat depression is by taking antidepressants. Children and teens have also been prescribed antidepressants for various reasons other than depression such as OCD and anxiety disorders. While it is legal for teenagers and children to take antidepressants, many people are concerned with the issues that taking antidepressants have. Children and teens should be allowed to take antidepressants only when other forms of therapy don’t work. Antidepressants are serious drugs that have severe warnings when children and teens use them. There is also an increased risk of worsening depression and suicide in children and teens, especially in the when they begin to take it. Even the less severe side effects can make quite a negative impact on life.
Antidepressants are a prescription drug now used by people of all ages. They have become a part of society, therefore, taking antidepressants is not frowned upon. Antidepressants are used to make people feel “happier” and not to feel sadness. This is shown in the dystopian society in the book Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932. In that society the people use soma, a well-known drug, to make them feel no pain and are conditioned to think soma fixes everything. Helmholtz and Bernard two main characters, do not take it because they want to be able to see the world for what it is. They also do not want soma to change how they feel; they want to appreciate nature. In addition Lenina and Henry love taking soma because then they cannot feel any pain, they are just happy all the time. In our society, people think that antidepressants will make them feel no pain and that these medications will fix all of their problems. Antidepressants have a negative impact on society today as well as in the book Brave New World.
...ceutical productions which define the pathology itself. In support of the idea that depression expresses a reduced capacity to interact with the environment rather than an abnormality based around an unidentifiable measurement of “chemical balance,” I will argue that the way in which pharmaceutical drugs standardize chemical deviance and treat mental illness like a biological disease disregards the normative component of depressive illnesses which must be considered as a response in one way or another to the environment in which they are experienced by each patient. By thinking about antidepressants not as correctional of a biological pathology but as a form of adaptation, I hope to show how their use must be considered in relation to values which combine scientific, social and experiential components that cannot be explained by scientific means alone.
Starting college can be a stressful time for any adolescent. For students suffering from depression it can be a traumatic experience. Worlds feel turned upside down. Even for those who manage to “cope,” pressures can cause these students to feel overwhelmed.
Nemeroff, Charles B., et. el. (2003) Differential Responses to Psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy in Patients with Chronic Forms of Major Depression. National Academy of Sciences, v100, i24, pg.142(4)
Treatment for depression includes medicine, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. If someone is thinking about suicide or is very depressed and cannot function, they need to be admitted into a hospital. Antidepressants are medicines used to treat depression. They help bring the chemicals in the brain to the normal level and relieve syndromes. If the patient feels as though the medication isn’t working, their doctor should be called. However, if you feel so, you shouldn’t change them on your own without the permission of the doctor. Psychotherapy is to help you understand why you’re feeling the way you are.