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Conclusion of mount saint helens eruption
Mount saint helens eruption research paper
Mount saint helens eruption research paper
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Mt. St. Helens is famously for its eruption on May 18, 1980, although the mountain had previous eruptions with four different stages and the stages often had similarities including the devastating one in 1980; in addition, the 1980 eruption presented serious havoc that led to a long road of recovery. The first stage known as the Ape Canyon Stage and according to the U.S. Geological survey it was ignited from series of small eruptions that created the birth of the mountain; during this phase these eruptions possibly formed domes and pyroclastic flows. Mt. St. Helens in the Cougar stage formulated lava domes and flows just like the Ape Canyon stage including eruptions that escalated enormous volumes of ash along with pyroclastic flows; furthermore …show more content…
St. Helens there were indications that the mountain could erupt soon. On March 16, 1980 Mt. St. Helens had a set of small earthquakes followed with hundreds of more earthquakes that proceeded on March 27 which began series of eruptions. These series of eruptions occurred once per hour for the entire month of March and one per day in April and by April 22 the mountain began to settle down.
Steam-blast eruption from the summit crater of Mount St. Helens on April 6, 1980:
After Mt. St. Helens halt of volcanic activity, the mountain began more eruptions from May 7 to May 17 and in the duration of that time there were more than 10,000 earthquakes.
The eruption was expected; but without an exact timeline, an earthquake with the magnitude of 5.1 ignited the Mt. St. Helens eruption on May 18, 1980 that started events that were gruesome. There was a debris avalanche that is recorded as the largest in history that surged into the North Fork Toutle River valley resulting in the valley being filled up to 150 feet and hummocky deposit which consisted of volcanic debris and glacial ice. The avalanche also impacted Spirit Lake by raising its water level up to 200 feet and bottom by 295 feet. One interesting fact about this event is, “The total avalanche volume is about 2.5 km3 (3.3 billion cubic yards), equivalent to 1 million Olympic swimming
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The removal and disposal of ash from highways, roads, buildings, and airport runways were monumental tasks for some eastern Washington communities. In addition, the cost of removing ash amounted to $.2.2 million lasting 10 weeks to clean up the ash in Yakima. Landfills and quarries were utilized to urgently extract ash primarily from routes used for transportation and civil works.
Although it was difficult to find the precise cost of damages from the eruption of Mt. St. Helens there were hefty estimates of cost to restore areas. Reflecting the total loss regarding the timber, civil works, and agriculture was estimated $2 to $3 billion. Congress provided aid of $951 million to agencies like the Small Business Administration, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for restoration
The actual eruption of Vesuvius was of the explosive nature. The catastrophic eruption in 79 AD took place in a period that is estimated to have unfolded over 25 hours and took place in two stages (Museum tim...
MILLER, C. D. POTENTIAL HAZARDS FROM FUTURE ERUPTIONS IN THE VICINITY OF MOUNT SHASTAVOLCANO, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. N.p.: US Government Printing Office, 1980. Print.
The last eruption of this massive volcano occurred more than 115 years ago in 1884. The eruptions of Mount Rainier produce lahar mudflows which are similar to pyroclastic flows except they contain more water. These mudflows carry debris of volcanic ash and boulders that produce lava flows and have the consistency of concrete flowing down a mountain (C.M. Riley. Lahars can flow up to 100 kilometers per hour and can extend to more than 300 kilometers in distance. Because they are hard to predict, give off little warning signs, and move so rapidly through valleys, lahar slides are considered to be one of the most deadly volcanic hazards.
On May 18th, 1980, one of the most prominent volcanic eruptions in US History took place in the state of Washington. Mount St. Helens had been dormant for almost 100 years before March 15th. On this day, two months before the eruption several small earthquakes shook the earth. This indicated a magma buildup below the surface, and the first minor event that would lead to one of the greatest eruptions the US has ever known. Following the first set of earthquakes, “Steam explosions blasted a 60- to 75-m (200- to 250-ft) wide crater through the volcano 's summit ice cap and covered the snow-clad southeast sector with dark ash. Within a week the crater had grown to about 400 m (1,300 ft) in diameter and two giant crack systems crossed the entire summit area. Eruptions occurred on average from
Lassen Peak and Mount St. Helens are the only two volcanoes in the contiguous United States to erupt during the 20th century.
In March 18, 1880 Mount St. Helens there was a catastrophic eruption that caused a huge volume of ash; the ash plume would be over central Colorado within 16 hours. After years of dedicated monitoring (knowing where to volcano is, unlike an earthquake not knowing exactly where this geological even is exactly) there was been increasing accuracy in forecasting eruptions.
This cycle, which lasted until about 800 BC, is characterized by smaller volume eruptions. Mt. Saint Helens woke up on March 20, 1980, with a Richter magnitude 4 earthquake. Steam venting started on March 27. By the end of April, the north side of the mountain started to bulge.
Congress also dealt with the business owners asking for reimbursements from their lost properties (National Archives, 2016). After a year and a half of the disaster, the city spent $90 million on reconstruction (“Quick facts about the 1906 earthquake and fires,” 2008).
The total value of damage and losses caused by earthquake is estimated at US$7.8 billion — US$4.3 billion represents physical damage and US$3.5 billion are economic losses — some 120 percent of the 2009 gross domestic product (GDP) of Haiti
The eruption on Mount Saint Helens has a specific cause and comes with many effects. A multifold of people would say that the “mountain looked like the site of an atomic blast” (Bredeson 30). That is a very accurate depiction as it took great power to inflict as much damage as it did. The reason for this impressive amount of force is that when magma is built up with pressure and an earthquake hits, the pressure gets magnified and the volcano explodes (Lewis). This is exactly what happened inside Mount Saint Helens. Furthermore, it has been revealed that “The earthquake that triggered the explosion was a 5.2 on the Richter scale” (Gunn 559). The earthquake to the magma can be compared as a match to gasoline. Even though the earthquake was not huge, the scale of the eruption was much greater than that of the earthquake (Gunn 560). The earthquake was only the trigger that allowed for more devastating things to occur. Thirteen hundred feet of the volcano were lost in the explosion followed by landslides, mudslides, and lava flows...
Deep within the Washington wilderness in the shadows of Mount St. Helen lies the infamous Ape Canyon. Upon these steep shallow cliffs, strange encounters have emerged over the past century. In 1924 a group of seasoned miners set out on a routine expedition searching for gold. However, what they encountered changed their lives forever. It was here that allegedly famous attack by a group of sasquatches occurred. In the short autobiography, I Fought the Apemen of Mt. St. Helens by Fred Beck, one of the miners, recollects his parties encounter with the beast.
These differences are in the makeup of the volcano, the impact on society, and the eruption itself. Mount Saint Helens, used to be a wonder of the world, but now a damage site of what happened on May 18, 1980. Mauna Loa is a tourist destination and one of the most active dispensers of lava and magma in the world. As shown, these volcanoes can’t be more different. Yet, each volcano has been a culprit to destruction, and have similarities within themselves. This report has expressed many similarities and differences and brought facts and knowledge to the historical eruptions by these impressive and ancient structures of
channel migration, the eruption of a volcano, the drying of a lake, or the destruction of a
1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens and the 1991 eruption Mt. Pinatubo. (Ball, J. n.d.).
Mount Vesuvius is a strato-volcano consisting of a volcanic cone (Gran Cono) that was built within a summit caldera (Mount Somma). The Somma-Vesuvius complex has formed over the last 25,000 years by means of a sequence of eruptions of variable explosiveness, ranging from the quiet lava outpourings that characterized much of the latest activity (for example from 1881 to 1899 and from 1926 to 1930) to the explosive Plinian eruptions, including the one that destroyed Pompeii and killed thousands of people in 79 A.D. At least seven Plinian eruptions have been identified in