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The concept of bullying
Cause and effect of bullying
Introduction in bullying
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Background, Purpose, Significance and Research Questions
Negin Mani
University of San Diego
LEAD 549: Research Methodology
Instructor: Dr. David Facer
Spring 2014
Background, Purpose and Significance
Bullying is a growing problem in schools all around the world today. Over one-third of school-aged children are bullied, which translates to over 8 million children (NCES, 2011). Children impacted by bullying have been linked to higher instances of anger, aggression, violence, hyperactivity, and externalizing problems as well as to later delinquency and criminality (Olweus, 1993a). Due to the negative impact it has on students socially, psychologically and academically, bullying has increasingly become a very significant topic of study for research (Ryan & Smith, 2009). The prevalence of this phenomenon has made researchers, parents, teachers, and schools become increasingly aware that bullying is a problem that needs to be addressed. In attempts to address this issue, a variety of antibullying prevention and intervention programs have been made. However, traditio...
t is important to know that bullying is an aggressive behavior that is initiated by someone who believes he or she can overpower the other individual (“Prevention of bullying: Research report and recommendations”, 2013). It is also important to know that these unwanted and aggressive behaviors which can get ugly really quickly. Bullying has become a wide epidemic that is affecting many people around the world. It is important to know that bullying has been going on for a very long time. It is a major problem among elementary school children, middle school children, high school children and sad to say that it is now a major problem in the workplace. This paper will discuss a plan for the local school district in the primary prevention of bullying among youth, as well chapter 15 case study will be discussed.
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
Bullying has become a major problem facing the United States today. The American Psychological Association reports that roughly 40% to 80% of children are involved in bullying on some level during their time in school. (APA, 2014) The magnitude of the problem can be observed in the statistics. In the United States, a total of 4,080,879 children between the ages of five and 18 have been the victims of bullying compared to 3,892,199 who have reported that they have engaged in bullying someone else. Additionally, 851,755 said that they have been both the victim and the bully. That's a whopping 8,824,833 people in the United States that have been involved in bullying behavior on one level or another. (High, B., 2000 Census)
Over the last decade, bullying has really been a worldwide issue. Bullying is affecting children all over the world and has grown into a huge epidemic. According to the National Education Association, “160,000 kids stay home from school each day to ...
Bullying and Violence in Public Schools Although bullying has always been a problem in schools, it has more recently become a bigger crisis with vicious consequences. “However it is defined, bullying is not just a child’s play, but a terrifying experience many schoolchildren face everyday. It can be as direct as teasing, hitting or threatening, or as indirect as exclusions, rumors or manipulation” (Garrett 2). Most kids do not think certain actions are classified as bullying, yet they do not realize the severity of the way they treat their peers.
For everything that occurs, there will somehow be something that caused the action to happen. It is more of a cause and effect ideal or simple a reaction to an action. In terms of research academics, independent and dependent variables are concepts or attributes to certain things that occur such as drug use, crime, or domestic abuse. For example, stress or other personal problems may lead to someone to use drugs. Also, poverty may lead someone to commit crime. In addition, a power controlled individual may cause a partnership to suffer physical or verbal abuse.
The assessment is designed to identify the major issues, concerns and challenges facing students who are being bullied. Particular emphasis is being placed on how these students’ educational needs are being affected as a result of being bullied. The results will be used as follows: (1) to help guide the counseling programs towards developing effective intervention for bullying in schools (2) to examine the nature and causes of bullying (3) to implement bullying policies that outlines consequences and (4) to create a safe environment for students. Victims of bullying often benefit from interventions that are designed to increase their self-esteem which protects them from future bullying (Kaiser & Rasminsky, 2003). Bullying can take many shapes; it can be in the form of hurtful teasing, physical violence, threats, humiliation as well as destruction of student’s personal property. These things can cause students to be unhappy to the point where it affects their academic performance and interest in school. The most effective way of addressing bullying in schools is through a comprehensive school counseling program (Atlas & Pepler, 1998).
Bullying is an act by one or more individuals who pick on or treat another in a hostile manner (Barnardos , 2015). It is also described as physical or verbal abuse that occurs repeatedly and involves a power imbalance (Bazelon, 2013) . In the process of this essay, we are going to discuss bullying and all of the factors that this entails. We will discuss the developmental domains in psychology and how they are affected by bullying. The prevalence of bullying will then be discussed followed by what the parent can do if they spot signs of bullying and this will be followed up by the impact of bullying on adolescent development and the effectiveness of anti-bullying interventions.
Although some people find bullying important for children’s maturing process, bullying can be detrimental because it can cause short-term problems, long-term problems, and the feelings that come with it may be challenging to forget. First are the short-term problems. With the bullying, they are violent to those who don’t deserve it. They get a thrill from the aggression and a sense of dominance. Some of the bullies do so because they feel insecure or there is an underlying issue that’s deeper than shown.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
Everyone has been bullied or encountered someone being bullied at some point of their life. Whether it would be physically or verbally both can be exceedingly traumatizing and can have a long-term psychological influence on children’s development. Majority people may define bullying in a more physical term; nevertheless that’s not always the case. The act of bullying can occur in several ways and in reality affect the individual in the same way. Bullying is generally defined as repeated, negative, and harmful actions focused at target throughout a course of time, exhibiting a sense of power difference between the bully and the victim (Olweus, 1993; Limber & Mihalic, 1999 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005). A survey was conducted in the United States estimating that over six million children, about 30% in grade six through ten have experienced frequent bullying in a school environment (Nansel, 2001 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005). Many people might debate that bullying is something that every child goes through and is simply a part of growing up, although there are several damaging consequences that happens to the child’s brain. Bullying causes the child to feel upset, isolated, frightened, anxious, and depressed. They feel like they reason they are being picked on is because there is something wrong with them and may even lose their confidence feel unsafe going to school (Frenette, 2013 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005) Anthropologically, sociologically, or psychologically, bullying can be analyzed through different perspectives and several questions can be asked based on the topic:
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is formulated numerically and aims to quantify data and generalize results from a sample to the population of interest in order to measure various views and opinions. Findings are conclusive and usually descriptive in nature. A survey is conducted through a questionnaire.
Bullying is something that is not something new and is actually something that society continues to face. Over the years, bullying has been looked at as being so ordinary in schools that it is continuously overlooked as an emanate threat to students and has been lowered to a belief that bullying is a part of the developmental stage that most young children will experience then overcome (Allebeck, 2005, p. 129). Not everyone gets over the extreme hurt that can come as an effect from bullying, for both the bully and the victim. Because of this, we now see bullying affecting places such as the workplace, social events and even the home. The issue of bullying is not only experienced in schools, but the school environment is one of the best places
Bullying has always been present within the United States. Although the issue has been around for a long time, it continues to grow and become more of problem. It is said that about 160,000 children within the United States are refusing to go to school because of bullying. Another statistic is that within American schools alone, there are an estimated 2.1 billion bullies and 2.7 billion victims (Dan Olewus, MBNBD). The numbers presented here are outrageous and although there are organizations to stop bullying, obviously there needs to be a new set of solutions. Any type of bullying presents problems to children, “Suicide, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, trouble with the law, poor performance in school and work, and lack of involvement in socially accepted activities are some of the difficulties resulting from bullying (Austin, Reynolds, Barnes, Shirley). Of course, there is more than just a single type of bullying. Feeding ground for bullies can range anywhere from text-message or cyberbullying to physical bullying in schools. Also, bullies can begin to strike at a young age and could also be; teenage, middle-age, or even the elderly. Even though there are these many versions of problematic bullies, the largest bullying problems take place within the school setting: a place that is supposed to be safe for children rather than harmful. Although it seems impossible to completely get rid of bullying, these are a few suggested solutions; making the school informed on bullying issues, schools implementing rules on bullying, and having students positively use electronics to stop bullying.
In recent times bullying has become a national issue, notwithstanding the fact that it has been in existence for many years. Traditionally, bullying has been seen as horseplay, but with the increase of harassment in schools and suicides; parents and schools are now forced to take action to prevent bullying in schools. Bullying is an unwanted, aggressive behavior that involves a real or perceived power imbalance which has the potential to be repeated over time. Strategies to prevent bullying in schools are grouped into identifying the causes of bullying, creating policies and rules, building a safe environment and educating students and staff.