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Criticisms against Descartes' philosophy
An assignment on the first meditation of Descartes
An assignment on the first meditation of Descartes
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If you have ever heard the phrase, “I think; therefore I am.” Then you might not know who said that famous quote. The author behind those famous words is none other than Rene Descartes. He was a 17th century philosopher, mathematician, and writer. As a mathematician, he is credited with being the creator of techniques for algebraic geometry. As a philosopher, he created views of the world that is still seen as fact today. Such as how the world is made of matter and some fundamental properties for matter. Descartes is also a co-creator of the law of refraction, which is used for rainbows. In his day, Descartes was an innovative mathematician who developed many theories and properties for math and science. He was a writer who had many works that explained his ideas. His most famous work was Meditations on First Philosophy. This book was mostly about his ideas about science, but he had books about mathematics too. Descartes’ Dream: The World According to Mathematics is a collection of essays talking about his views of algebra and geometry.
Descartes was born in La Faye, France on March 31, 1596 and died in Stockholm, Sweden on February 12, 1650. He was a very smart person from birth. He was smart enough to be able to go to a college at age eight. After that he went to a college for law at twenty two. He was able to achieve a lot in his life before he hit thirty. One of his teachers was a strong influence on him and helped him see the world as a realist and apply logic to the real world. The same teacher, named Beeckman, also persuaded him to apply mathematics to the world. Descartes’ mother died in the first year of his life. After his mother died, his father and his two other siblings to live with their grandmother. It sounds ...
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.... People wanted to hear what he had to say. People respected him as a person and his knowledge so much that Queen Christina of Sweden wanted to know what he knew. Sadly she wanted the study sessions to be held at five a.m. These study sessions eventually led to his death in 1650 of pneumonia. He probably could’ve lived a lot longer and had a bigger influence of more people if he didn’t die in 1650. As a mathematician he invented and perfected analytical geometry. As a scientist he told everyone about light reflection and refraction. He also talked about space, the moon, the stars and Earth. As a philosopher he inspired people he never even knew with his wise sayings. He gave people a new view on how everything worked. He described the mind being separate from matter simply because it could think. He was truly a great thinker and a great influence to everyone today.
Rene Descartes’ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartes’ reasoning and proofs of God’s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove God’s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthful, they do no prove the existence of God.
In the New Merriam Webster Dictionary, sophism is defined as a plausible but fallacious argument. In Rene Descartes Meditation V, he distinguishes the existence of God, believing he must prove that god exists before he can examine any corporeal objects outside of himself. By proving that the existence of God is not a sophism, he also argues that God is therefore the Supreme Being and the omnipotent one. His conclusion that God does exist enables him to prove the existence of material things, and the difference between the soul and the body.
1- Why is Descartes certain that he exists? Has he proven that anyone else exists?
“Cogito ergo sum - I think therefore I am.” A mathematician, scientific thinker, and metaphysician Rene Descartes used this term in his “Meditation on First Philosophy.” This term has become famous especially in western philosophy. However, this term was not Descartes only legacy. His legacies include the development of the Cartesian coordinates, philosophical books, and theories. Even though the distinction between mind and body can be traced to the Greeks, Descartes account of the mind and body relationship has been considered the first and the most influential. Descartes was born in 1596 in France, from 1628 to 1649 Descartes remained in Holland, during this time he composed multiple works that set the scene for all later philosophical study of mind and body. (René Descartes and the legacy of mind/body dualism) “Meditation on First Philosophy,” is one of Descartes famous treatises. First published in the 17th century, it consists of six meditations. In the first meditation Descartes eliminates all belief in things that are not certain, basically he removes everything from the table. Then one by one he examines each belief and determines whether any of these beliefs can be known for sure. Meditations three and five focus on the existence of God. This ontological argument is both fascinating and poorly understood in the philosophical community. Descartes tries to prove God’s existence by using simple but influential foundations. (Nolan). Descartes innate ideas proof and ontological proof of the existence of God is going to be assessed through the summarization of meditation thee and meditation five, while his work is also going to be compared to Anselm’s ontological argument on the existence of God.
Descartes’ “evil genius scenario” provides the possibility for the existence of an evil genius that is in control of our world in place on an omnipotent god. By in control, I mean that he would in some magical way compose our lives by his own will, thus making any certain knowledge about material objects impossible. This scenario presents some real questions with Descartes’ argument because it basically completely rules out the possibility of any god.
Descartes explains that math is one of the only perfect things in the world. Math has a solid foundation, and there certainty in every question. Descartes has a huge influence in the Cartesian coordinate system, which “allows to take reference points in space in a set of numbers”. One reason why I reject Geocentrism is because of the Cartesian coordinate system. Scientists have used this to understand and plot Earth’s elliptical orbit in a mathematical sense. Descartes did not trust anyone he didn’t even trust himself. This caused him to fall in love with math and physics, because of the certainty and truth in the principles. In his Discourse, he explains, “For my notions had made me see that it is possible to reach understandings which are extremely useful for life, and that instead of the speculative philosophy which is taught in the schools, we can find a practical philosophy by which, through understanding the force and actions of fire, air, stars, heavens, and all the other bodies which surround us” (Part 6). Explaining how life is more than the mind and soul, Descartes provides society with the beginning of the laws of nature as well as an introduction of planetary motion. Using his newly acquired knowledge he shows us that
He was an amazing mathematician, astounding physicist, but he is most known for proving that the sun does not revolve around the Earth, and it is the other way around. He is most famous for the discovery of the heliocentric orbit of Earth. With the help of Kepler and Copernicus, he proved that the Earth isn't the center of the universe. He sentenced under house arrest by the church for saying something against the Bible. In addition he had to say to the public that his research is wrong but he knew that the Earth didn't stay still.
Descartes is a philosopher who wrote the Meditations establishing the existence of mind, matter, and God. He considers the problems of the sources and nature of knowledge; the validity of truth; the nature and destiny of man; the existence of god, and the creation of the universe. In his time conventional ideas were often being questioned and Descartes was eager to come across a new method for accessing the truth.
SparkNotes: René Descartes (1596–1650). (n.d.). SparkNotes: Today's Most Popular Study Guides. Retrieved February 8, 2011, from http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/descartes
In Descartes’ second meditation, he explains how the senses alone and the imagination alone cannot fully perceive material objects. What is required to fully perceive material objects, he explains, is the mind. This is because the mind is able to make judgments about based on sensory observations, while the senses and imagination can only take in sensory data and contemplate it, respectively. While convincing, Descartes argument has one flaw: the fact that the mind relies on sensory data. If the mind relies on sensory data, how can one be sure that the mind makes a judgment independent of the sensory data?
Descartes’ summarizes positive Meditations in the Fourth Meditation. Yet, he discovers a new problem, one that he has not discussed. Going back to the Third Meditation the conclusion is that "I" and "God" both exist but than it leads to another problem. Now, in the Fourth Meditation Descartes’ attempts to answer the question on Truth and Falsity. The question is: “If God is perfectly good and the source of all that is, how is there room for error or falsehood?” One solution Descartes’ tries to solve for this problem is that he thinks about if he has got everything from God and He hasn’t given him the capability to make errors, it doesn’t appear possible for him to ever make any error. Descartes’ arguments center on the “Great Chain of Being”,
Rene Descartes was born in the 1500s; 1596 to be exact. He was a French man who came from a wealthy family. For this time period, Descartes was a very well educated man. He was a Catholic man, who found interest in theology. People say he had the mind of a mathematician, but the heart of a theologian. At first, Descartes didn’t enjoy philosophy because it did not have a straight answer like math did. Although he died in 1650, Rene Descartes brought about many different questions within philosophy.
"Cogito Ergo Sum," "I think, therefore I am," the epitome of Rene Descartes' logic. Born in 1596 in La Haye, France, Descartes studied at a Jesuit College, where his acquaintance with the rector and childhood frailty allowed him to lead a leisurely lifestyle. This opulence and lack of daily responsibility gave him the liberty to offer his discontentment with both contrived scholasticism, philosophy of the church during the Middle Ages, as well as extreme skepticism, the doctrine that absolute knowledge is impossible. Through the most innovative logic since Aristotle's death, as well as application of the sciences, he pursued a lifelong quest for scientific truth.
“Cogito ego sum” - this is a famous quote from Rene Descartes. This quote means," I think, therefore, I am." His beliefs are considered to be epistemological and he is also considered as the father of modern philosophy. In his letter of meditation, he writes about what he believes to be true and what is not true. He writes about starting a new foundation. This meant that he was going to figure out what is true and what is false.