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Hagia Sophia and the Pantheon
Characteristics of Islamic architecture
Characteristics of Islamic architecture
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Religion has strong presence in society. Consequently, many aspects of society are therefore influenced by religion. One aspect of society where religion’s influence is evident is in architectural designs. Many societies, empires, and time periods have architecture that is distinct, and religion has had a definite presence in shaping that architecture. In particular Islamic architecture has strong influences from Islamic teachings from the Quran, as well as secondary sources of religious influence mostly Christianity (and some influence Judaism). The impact of the Christian religion on architecture spread into influencing future architecture built for the Islamic religion, in addition to the influence of the Islamic religion itself on the way …show more content…
This influence is seen in the design of prominent buildings and mosques in the Islamic world The Hagia Sofia was completed in 537 and inaugurated by the byzantine emperor Justinian 1, around a hundred years before the rise of Islam. Built was a church with one huge dome to bear the weight, with multiple smaller domes surrounding it, with arches inside and outside the building support the domes allowing for vast space inside (Grupico, 2011). The Hagia Sofia had significant interior space due to the large domes, which was an important shift in the history of architecture. Islamic teaching in the Quran made Muslim societies want to adopt the large domes to allow for the large interior space to practice prayer, showing how functionality was a feature of the Christian dome for the Islamic religion we can see that there are now plenty of mosques and other types of buildings that took the Hagia Sophia as a symbol and example to follow when it comes to design something in an Islamic style the Hagia Sofia direct influence on Islamic architecture can be immediately seen in the Sultan Ahmend Mosque or the “blue Mosque” designed to revival the Hagia Sofia. It combines tall, slender minarets with large domed buildings supported by half domes in the style of the Byzantine church Hagia Sophia (Grupico, 2011). Also, other famous mosques like Suleymaniye Mosque and Shahzadah Mosque in Istanbul, and Muhammad Ali mosque in Egypt. Where designed with the Hagia Sofia as inspiration. The Hagia Sofia architectural influence can be seen across
The Hagia Sophia and the Dome of the Rock are two of some of the greatest and most important monuments in the Eastern and the modern world. The Hagia Sophia is an amazing depiction of the Byzantine architecture. It symbolizes the “Golden era” of the Byzantine Empire and is a symbol of modern day Istanbul. The Dome of the Rock is located in Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock is currently a shrine for Islamic believers and some Jews that believe the grounds are sacred. It holds a great religious significance to the rise of Islam in Jerusalem. Even though these major achievements in architecture were built at different times and were built with different styles, they hold many similarities. These similarities include such fascinating examples of
When Emperor Constantine found the city of Constantinople, it was soon to become the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. But the Christin city needed a great church to represent it’s great value, so the Hagia Sophia was built (Krystek, Lee). The Hagia Sophia was built by the Byzantine Empire in 537 C.E., which was an Empire influenced greatly by the greek and roman styles (Krystek, Lee). It has a square base with a large dome on the top. Round arcs surrounded the large dome, adding mystical beauty to the Hagia Sophia (Krystek, Lee). Also, multiple colors of bricks were used to create patterns on the outside of the Hagia Sophia. On the inside, the walls are made of marble with glass panes which bring beautiful sunlight into the large museum (Krystek, Lee). The Hagia Sophia is very significant because it was rebuilt many times. The first church was built and then burnt down in 404 C.E. (Krystek, Lee). It was then rebuilt and burned down by riots in 502 C.E. (Krystek, Lee). Then the 3rd church was built by Justinian. After long periods of time, Sultan Mehmed conquered Constantinople and changed it to an islamic city, converting the church to a mosque (Krystek, Lee). In 1934, President Ataturk changed the mosque to a museum for the people and tourists, instead of a sacred place of worship (Krystek, Lee).
Different religions have shaped the cultural landscapes throughout history. In most religions, they have what is known as a sacred site. Many of the sacred sites are near the founding of the religion or near a place where something significant had once occurred. The followers of these religions often build temples to worship their gods. One example, would be the Dome of the Rock, where Muhammad, a prophet of God in the Muslim culture, said to have ascended into heaven.The Dome of the Rock is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and is the "Noble Sanctuary" by Muslims. The place of worship for Muslims is known as the mosque, but the Dome of the Rock is much more iconic and would be best identified as a Muslim shrine. The temple was originally made for pilgrims and took thirteen years to construct. This is also a significant place for the Muslim community
Architecture is one important aspect of Byzantine culture. One of the most famous Byzantine architectural achievements is the Hagia Sophia, which is located in modern-day Istanbul. The basic design of the cathedral has a dome over a square base, which required a new innovation. At the time, it was kn...
When walking around a city, you may notice that the architecture and art look similar to other works. Many of these designs have changed along the course of history and time whilst others have not. The designs that many people still see in society and day to day living is from two of the many cultures of the old civilizations, Roman and Islamic. The art and architecture forms from the Islamic and Roman cultures have many comparisons and contrasts between them. They, the Islamic and Roman nations, have both adopted from other cultures and have made their own discoveries in the art and architecture worlds. The Roman and Islamic architecture and art vary drastically from each other and yet have varying comparisons between the two.
Several master artists over the centuries, both from Spain and the Islamic world contributed in making the Mosque-Cathedral an edifice whose beauty has to be seen to be believed. Visiting the
The Suleymaniye mosque was truly a masterpiece during the time it was built in the mid 1500s. Today, it still never fails to captivate its audience through the complexity of its design and the intellectual analysis of its significance. The mosque was actually said to be as magnificent as the Seven Wonders of the World according to two European travelers, Freynes Moryson and John Sanderson, soon after its completion (Nelipogulu 221). The mosque is definitely symbolic in the city of Istanbul, sitting a top the highest hill, in that it represents central power and strength of the Turkish Empire (see Image 1) (Yayinlari 30). As we take a closer look at the Suleymaniye we see many aspects of religion through its sensual and visual experience. We also find a great deal of complexity, from the contradictory aspects Sinan applied to the mosque, throughout a more in depth intellectual analysis.
In the process of development of human society, architecture and culture are inseparable. Cuthbert (1985) indicates that architecture, with its unique art form, expresses the level of human culture in different historical stages, as well as the yearning towards the future. According to his article, it can be said that architecture has become one of the physical means for human to change the world and to conquer the nature. Consequently, architecture has been an important component of human civilization. Since 1980s when China started the opening and reforming policy, a variety of architectural ideas, schools and styles have sprung up. Accompanying with a momentum of...
The origins of the mosque dates back to the 8th century, when the mosque was originally built by Al-Rahman I for numerous reasons. One of the reasons being that since he conquered the city of Cordoba, he wanted to represent this conquest by building a monumental site such as the mosque. Another reason the construction of the mosque was called for was because Al-Rahman I wanted to form a sense of Islamic identity in the Western World, outside of what was then considered the Islamic World; Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Syria.*(Dodds 9). In terms of construction, the mosque consisted of 850 pillars; every row of pillar supporting a layer of open horseshoe arches upon which a third tier is overlaid. From the entire complex the most intricate adornment is located in the third mihrab or prayer niche, an octagonal alcove ceiled with just a lone block of white marble that is carved in the shape of a sea shell and contains walls enamelled with Byzantine style mosaics and gold.*(Britannica)
Architecture made a great deal of changes and developments during the Middle Ages. This involved the types of architecture, the styles and the people who influenced or improved the constructions. It also affected and influenced medieval society and the modern world too.
Buildings reflect the values and ideas of society within periods. The role of architecture in shaping society and vice versa largely depends on the period in question and who or what affects first. The Enlightenment, and the subsequent period the Post-Enlightenment, reflect the biggest change for current ideas regarding architecture and society and current theories. At the same time, individual identities and understanding of society, progress and truth all follow a similar evolving path. It is during this dramatic shift in thinking that the role of architecture to society and the idea of progress and truth becomes a more complex relationship. How this relationship works and its implications is based on the theory that there is a direct link between the two. One cannot develop without the other. Who leads whom and to what extent they influence each other is evident in architectural trends and pioneering works by architects such as Robert Venturi, Frank Gehry amongst others.
As Nuttgens eloquently expressed, architecture is a “vital…expression of the experience of mankind.” It is more than just buildings used for storage, housing, religious purposes, simple functionality; it is a great manifestation of the commonality of man, the great connecting factor of humankind. However, it can be argued that the ancient and classic forms or architecture are in essence more “profound…lasting… [and] inexhaustible” than those of their modern counterparts, because of some key differences in the ways ancient and modern architecture are practiced.
After studying how architecture was used in influencing religion, we now have to know how religion shaped architecture and gave it a purpose to b...
Islam does not define only the spiritual side of the life, but also material side.
Religion influences culture in many ways. People of different cultures have a set of beliefs that influence their daily lives and how they act. Religion is like a way of life. Many people take their religion very seriously, so their lives and cultures are majorly affected by their religion then and now. Religion has always had a major impact on human life and culture. It has the ability to not only unify people but also having the ability to cause war, and devastation.