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The future of in vitro fertilization
Impact of stem cells in the medical field
The future of in vitro fertilization
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Regenerative Medicine- Introduction
Though great progress has been made in medicine, current palliative treatments are unable to keep pace with patients’ needs. There are few effective ways to treat the root causes of many diseases. Regenerative medicine is a game-changing area of medicine with the potential to fully heal damaged tissues and organs, offering solutions and hope for people who have conditions that today are beyond repair.
Regenerative Medicine takes 3 interrelated approaches- rejuvenation, replacement and regeneration.
STEM CELLS
Stem cells are a key component of regenerative medicine. They are undeveloped cells capable of proliferation, self renewal, conversion to differentiated cells, and regenerating tissues. [1] In a developing
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The stem cell populations are maintained by:
Stochastic differentiation
A stem cell divides into two daughter cells (differentiated) while simultaneously, another stem cell divides into 2 undifferentiated daughter stem cells
Obligatory asymmetric replication
A stem cell divides into 2 daughter cells. One daughter cell is a stem cell while the other daughter cell is a differentiated cell.
POTENCY
Potency of a cell refers to the capability of a cell to differentiate into specialized cell types. Potency can be of the following types:
• Totipotent
Toti comes from the Latin word meaning entirely. It is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism. Examples of these cells in the human body include the human zygote.
• Pluripotent
Pluripotent is derived from the Latin words, plurimus and potens, meaning many and power respectively. Thus, in stem cell biology, pluripotent refers to the capability of a cell to differentiate into any of the three germ layers. Examples include embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. [3]
• Multipotent
They can differentiate into a number of cell types of a closely related family of cells.
Are stem cells ethical to use in medical research? The most basic cells in the human body are stem cells. Because doctors use stem cells for medical treatment of chronic ailments, stem cells play an important role in human medical research. However, despite the benefits of stem cells in medical treatment, controversy surrounds the methods employed to obtain them. Should researchers continue to use stem cells?
The body is composed of cells, which form the basic unit of life. Unique cells found in the body are the stem cells. These cells are biological cells that are not specialized for particular functioning in organisms. They can be distinguished since they have the ability to differentiate or divide into multiple body cells, and their ability to replicate self. They are unique in the way they can renew themselves by undergoing cell division when inactive for a long period. It is also possible to induce stem cells to organs or tissue cells under some conditions. When the cells divide, they replenish the cells in a living organism. They serve as an internal system that repairs and replaces the tissues that are worn out.1 Dividing cells may remain as stem cells or become specialized in their functions, for instance red blood cells, brain or muscle cells.
Could you imagine being able to create new organs, tissues, muscles, and even food? With embryonic stem cell technology, believe it or not, these things are possible. Stem cells are the body's raw materials. Specifically, they are cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or in a laboratory, stem cells can divide to form more cells called daughter cells. These daughter cells either become new stem cells or turn into specialized cells with a more specific function, such as blood cells, brain cells, muscle cells or bone cells. The possibilities are almost endless. The debate and main issue with this technology is that the actual stem cells come from embryos. Embryos are an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. Although there is controversy surrounding these cells, embryonic stem cells should continue to be researched and used, because they have so much potential.
parts, and each part has its own job. The nucleus of a cell is very similar
So far, various techniques have been used for reconstruction and regeneration of maxillary and mandibular bone defects. Autogenous bone grafting, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis and nerve transpositioning are among these regenerative techniques (1-8). Decision making for the treatment could be influenced by the type, size and location of the bone defects (2, 3, 9, 10). GBR had high success rate in treating small alveolar defects such as dehiscence or fenestration. Regenerative bony walls around the defect with ingrowing blood vessels can begin osteogenesis (11) larger bone defects with insufficient regenerative walls and an low quality avascular bed need varied amount of autogeneous bone graft from extra oral or intra oral donor sites, however, the patient may suffer from complications in donor site as well as bone graft resorption.(10, 12-15)
As stated by John Pearson, once a stem cell is gained through one of these processes it is reproduced in a lab and formed into what is known as a “cell line”. Each cell line was started from a differ...
Stem cells can be thought of as blank slates or cells that have yet to become specialized. They can be transformed to become cells with special functions.
This report does a fairly comprehensive job on educating the public to the definition of stem cells, describing them as “a diverse group of remarkable multipotent cells that are relatively undifferentiated and unspecialized cells of the body.” Stem cells have the capacity for unlimited self-renewal and the possibility to produce differentiated descendant cell types. The main in...
Stem cells help us to maintain and heal our bodies, as they are undifferentiated cells, their roles are not yet determined. They have the ability to become anything during early life and growth. Stem cells come from two sources, namely: embryonic stem cells (embryo’s formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development) and adult stem cells (see figure 3).
There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.
...he site of destruction and regrow those damaged cells. This could be a medical breakthrough for many patients because this could mean limited hospital stay; Fewer treatments from reoccurring illness caused by damaged tissue and saving them money by decreasing the need for multiple hospital visits.
“Stem Cells: The Future of Medicine.” Medschool.umaryland.edu. University of Maryland School of Medicine Web 14 Nov 2013
Cells are able to grow and reproduce. Cells reproduce by splitting and passing on their genes (hereditary information) to Daughter cells. The nucleus always divides before the rest of the cell divides. Therefore each daughter cell contains their own nucleus. The nucleus controls the cells activities through the genetic material DNA. The cells in a body are all the same except the gametes they were all made from one cell, the Zygote. This is the cell that was formed when two gametes from your parents fused.
Sally: Embryonic cells are "undifferentiated." Undifferentiated cells have not gone through changes that make some cells into skin cells or muscle cells or brain cells, for example. Undifferentiated cells can become any cell in the body because it can activate any gene on any chromosome, but as cells develop, the DNA of certain cells fold in particular ways making large portions of the DNA inaccessible. This makes sure that the wrong genes do not get turned on at the wrong time or in the wrong place.
Researchers in this field are seek to know how stem cells can be used to develop into specialized cells or tissue, which aims restore lost function in damaged organs or even grow new fully functioning organs for transplant.