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Evaluation design
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a. The goals I had for my classmates, understand what Skinner’s Behaviorist Operate Conditioning Theory. This is the idea that behavior is determined by, reinforcement, or punishment, which makes it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again. My second goal was to have them identify and understand reliability and validity. Reliability is the extent to which it will reproduce the same results. Well, validity is the quality of being factually sound. The third goal for my part of the lesson was them understand the standard error of measurement and know how they can find it. The last thing I wanted them to take away from the presentation was the understanding of authentic assessments. This is when you apply skills and abilities as they …show more content…
There are many things I could have worked on during my presentation and I feel as if I will be responsible for them to have a lower grade on this assignment. One content issue I had was my article. I not only confused the other students but I confused myself. There are two things I think I could have done to make the content more understandable. First, I could have formatted differently to make it less confusing. Another thing I could have done to get rid of content issues is fix the errors that were on the slides that were not only confusing for me but again the students.
There were a couple of pedagogical aspects. The first method of teaching I used was oral lecturing. I spoke a lot of the time well giving eye contact to the other students. The main issue that many of the students had, for example, one student said, lots of lecture, and we need more examples to apply information. This is one area where I felt like I struggled with. I only had three examples and one video during my twelve minutes of presenting. I should have had more learning styles incorporated into my lesson such as, hands on activity, more visual
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If I were to start this presentation over again I would do many things different. One thing that I would change is my approach when picking an article. My article was confusing and very difficult to relate to the main topic, which was traditional assessment. That is the second point that I want to talk about, getting on the main topic. I felt like during my part of the presentation I did not relate it back to traditional assessment. If that is the main topic that should be the main, focus of all the topics covered. I would then change the formatting that I used. It was very confusing to the people trying to following along. Therefore, if I would to change it I would shorten the information and just give the main points. Like you said, “focus on the forest not the trees”. I believe that I focused too much on the trees. There was too much information that was given in such a short amount of time. For learning differences, I think I could have incorporated more hands on activities or class activities. I focused so much on just reading the slides and getting that right I neglected working with the students, asking questions and making sure they understood the information. The only thing that I have noticed when doing class activities is the lack of participation in class. When it comes to over all things that I need to work on is my ability to speak in front of my peers well, being able to think ahead and make sure that everything sounds
In Chapter 4, In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing, the author Lauren Slater starts the chapter off telling the true story of how a young woman, Kitty Genovese, was brutally murdered and raped outside of her apartment complex. What was most shocking in the aftermath is there were a total of 38 witnesses and not a single person did anything to help her. This raised many concerns as to why the witnesses did nothing. When they were being interviewed by the cops, they stated that they just did not want to get involved(p.94), thus “diffusing responsibility”, this is a term used by two psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latane, who were very concerned with and wanted to understand why nothing was done to aid young Kitty Genovese as she was being stabbed and raped.
Joey 's program will be based in Applied Behavior Analysis which was first introduced in 1913, when John Watson started a movement towards behaviorism with his article “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” (Miltenberger, 2012). Based on Pavlov 's observations of classical conditioning, Watson suggested that human behavior could also be explained by the same means and that the process of classical conditioning was proper subject matter for psychology. He believed all human behavior were responses to external stimuli and environmental events (Miltenberger, 2012). B. F. Skinner took Watson 's theory of classical conditioning further to include operant conditioning. The highlight of Skinner 's theory is identifying what a behavior achieves through observing the behavior. It is only after the function of behavior is identified that we can alter the consequences to increase the probability of the desired behavior 's occurrence (Miltenberger, 2012). In operant conditioning behavior is changed through the manipulation of contingencies or the use of reinforcement or punishment after the desired or undesired response occurs (Miltenberger, 2012). Skinner was able to prove through his
According to Gewirtz and Peláez-Nogueras (1992), “B. F. Skinner contributed a great deal to advancing an understanding of basic psychological processes and to the applications of science-based interventions to problems of individual and social importance.” He contributed to “human and nonhuman behavior, including human behavioral development, and to various segments of the life span, including human infancy” (p. 1411). One of Skinner's greatest scientific discoveries was “single reinforcement” which became sufficient for “operant conditioning, the role of extinction in the discovery of intermittent schedules, the development of the method of shaping by successive approximation, and Skinner's break with and rejection of stimulus-response psychology” (Iversen, 1992, p. 1318).
The Informative speech was much harder for me to grasp on to right from the beginning, I knew what I need to do in general to be successful but my topic was so broad I had a hard time narrowing it down how I wanted to present the information. My introduction was
The first systematic study regarding operant conditioning was taken place in the 1800’s by the Psychologist, Thorndike. Thorndike formally defined operant conditioning as a type of learning that is controlled by the consequences of an organism’s behavior. However according to lecture, operant conditioning can be simply thought as performing an action in order to receive a reward. Operant conditioning can be useful when trying to deal with procrastination, increase efficacy of teaching, or to improve motivation. Therefore, operant conditioning can be used as a behavioral modification program to devise a more specific weight loss program to increase the roommate’s chances of making it on the football team. The program will include the following
However, I did notice that there were a few faults in the presentation, one being a fault that I personally consider may have negatively impacted our presentation. It seems to me that I was not able to deliver the presentation to the best of my ability as I had let my nerves get the best of me when talking to the staff. The reason for this was that I was not comfortable with taking on the speaking role that I was given and that there were last minute changes made to my slides right before presenting. Bruner, (1996) stated that the learning process for staff relies on the “meaningful dialogue” that is presented by the presenters. In this case, I think that my speech was not strong enough to grab the audience’s attention, thus not being able to portray my message about what an Ofsted inspection is and what the results from an Ofsted inspection mean. Nevertheless, although I was not able to present to the quality that I had wished, the feedback received was reassuring that I had not done terribly bad. I was able to see myself grow as a presenter as I noticed that my
Every video I watched displayed tools that I could use in my own classroom. The instructional strategies and models used in the classrooms were great. My current teaching philosophy about instructional strategies and models would be that they are great to use. As a teacher, looking for ways to help teach certain lessons is a must. Every teacher found different ways to teach the materials to their students. It is always great to have resources in the classroom to look back on. Students love to have resources to guide them. In the video (Case #1112), I would emulate their strategy by letting my students use a textbook. I feel that textbooks are reliable sources and can be used to validate certain materials. In the video, you can tell that the students were using the textbook as a tool to prove their discussion with each other. In the video (Case #876), I would avoid assessing my students in whole-group discussion. I would have my student in groups to see how they communicate with each t=other about our discussion. Seeing my students evaluating each other’s opinions would be a great way into assessing their knowledge about the lesson. A classroom environment I would like to teach in would be with students who are ready to ask questions. Students who are not afraid to express their thoughts about the instruction. It would be easier for me to assess my students if that were
Various perspectives on behavior have changed the face of psychology over the centuries. Some of the most influential of these theories on behaviorism were made by John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward C. Tolman. The manner in which behavior is modified has become a growing debate in the aspect of which technique is more reliable and effective. The theories from these three men have become a foundation for many different schools of thought throughout modern psychology. Through their research, many modern psychologists have grown a better knowledge on why people react and behave during certain situations or in different environments. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the various theories of Watson and Skinner to that of Tolman.
According to numerous references in the field of Psychology, a cognitive psychologist is an individual that studies topics such as thinking, problem-solving, learning, attention, memory, forgetting, and language acquisition, among several others. Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes, and its core focus is on how people acquire, process, and store information. While great research has been done within the field of psychology, there are individuals such as B.F. Skinner who criticize its strides, purposes, and research methods.
One thing that I was anxious to read about was incorporating hands on material for students. Students need to be given many chances to practice what they have learned. Being able to practice is just one aspect of mastering any new skill or concept. There are many important details that should be noted when an educator is choosing hands on materials. I have designed lesson plans
In my reaction paper I will discuss B.F. Skinners theory operant conditioning and the ways he tested it out on animals, how it relates to humans, and how I can relate operant conditioning to my own personal life.
B.F. Skinner is a major contributor to the Behavioral Theory of personality, a theory that states that our learning is shaped by positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, modeling, and observation. An individual acts in a certain way, a.k.a. gives a response, and then something happens after the response. In order for an action to be repeated in the future, what happens after the response either encourages the response by offering a reward that brings pleasure or allows an escape from a negative situation. The former is known as positive reinforcement, the latter known as negative reinforcement (Sincero, 2012). A teenager who received money for getting an “A” is being positively reinforced, while an individual who skips a class presentation is being negatively reinforced by escaping from the intense fear and anxiety that would have occurred during the presentation.
Personal examples of a behaviorist style of instruction are based on the widely renowned theory by B.F. Skinner, which in the classroom can be summarized by reinf...
Also, in the beginning of the lesson I gave the students clear directions of what I expected of the students. I had the students repeat the expectations back to me which was a success since they understood and did what was expected. After the activity, the students were supposed to complete a word sort and then a writing prompt. During the writing and the sort, I did not give clear instructions which affected the students and how they completed the assessment. The next time I teach a lesson, I need to focus more on directions and giving detailed
All in all, I felt that this lesson implementation was a good experience for me, I learned a lot from last semesters practicum, and feel more comfortable teaching the children while being observed and am able to manage the class much better, although I am still quite nervous, which is something that I will continue to work on.