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The science of teaching reading
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perception of reading:
According to M.Perkins, if teachers had not enough experience , their effectiveness as a teacher of reading would be poor. At first, teacher should prepare to teach reading. Reading is sometimes more than a blend of several parts. M.Perkins try to offer a relationship the ways of knowing and effective teaching of reading.
When a teacher want to teach a child to read , she/he needs to herself/himself .She need to experience reading, just knowing about procedures are not enough. sometimes , students say to their teacher : "you're not teaching us how to teach reading". These students want to be given a series of lesson plans. They want to follow these plans to teach their students to read.
The main research is , what conceptions
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Features of reading:
There are three features of reading to teach reading:
• The first one is that students should find that teaching of reading does not mean phonics and listening to children read; it mean understand what reading is.
• When students fell they have gain a lot of theoretical knowledge , now they need to put it into practice.
• teachers can teach anything really by their attitute choosing books alsowas an important aspect of teaching reading for the students.
Self-regulatory skills
In any classes may have some students with difficulty in reading . How do teachers can help these students to improve their reading abilities?
Based on Gary Woolley's study , most of children in Australian School have difficulties with reading comprehension. Teachers should consider a number of programs to gain the best result. It has been show that despite early improvement , yet many students have difficulties , focus on word level processing skills rather than comprehension dificits , is more prefer for some students. Because this focus is too narrow, suitable assessment of reading difficulties is
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The claim is that memory and reading comprehension is improved by the reader's combined use of visual and verbal reading comprehension strategies. If readers have difficulties can be taught to construct mental pictures. They image what they have read, so they are better able to understand and remember the text. Thus , the new information is safe in long-term memory.
Some of less skilled students have knowledge , but they don't know how and when use implicit and explicit text signs when guess is reguired .
A social cognitive strategy, because of its emphasises on fundamental elements like language, the environment and interactions of the children, can improve reader's weakness.
A good trained educator can have a positive and effective influence on learning proces . Learners can rely on a good teacher. Empathy between them improve learner's motivation. By this strategy, learners can regular themselves ; both less skilled and advanced learners.
Other strategy to improve reading: " Read
...t comprehension, it is important to analyze and view all aspects of the text, this will ensure the education you’re receiving, as well as the personal ties you make while reading.
Overall, teachers need to take into account all six critical areas of reading when teaching. No matter the subject or time constraints, teachers need to incorporate all areas into the curriculum. Reading is a complex process. If a student does not know to read, a student will never to be able to achieve their best. When using all six areas teachers are using a balanced literacy approach and create greater success for students to succeed in reading and writing.
With such high numbers of adolescents falling below basic in reading, illiteracy is a battle that must be fought head on. The largest dilemma with the struggle is the number of variations that cause adolescents to become reluctant, unmotivated or struggling readers. Fortunately, a large number of strategies exist to encourage and strengthen readers of all ages, proving that adolescence is not a time to give up on faltering students. Rather, it is a time to evaluate and intervene in an effort to turn a reluctant reader into an avid one (or near enough). Ultimately, educators must learn to properly assess a student’s strengths and weaknesses (Curtis, 2009) and pair them with the proper intervention techniques. If one method does not work, countless others exist to take its place.
These theories, methods, assessments along with the evidence of success in reading at home make it clear that it is extremely important we try our hardest to support literacy in every child. All students can learn. It’s just a matter of making materials interesting and relevant to them, challenging them (but not to hard), and supporting them along the way.
The causes of reading difficulties often arise because of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, poor preparation before entering school, no value for literacy, low school attendance, insufficient reading instruction, and/or even the way students were taught to read in the early grades. The struggles that students “encounter in school can be seen as socially constructed-by the ways in which schools are organized and scheduled, by assumptions that are made about home life and school abilities, by a curriculum that is often devoid of connections to students’ lives, and by text that may be too difficult for students to read” (Hinchman, and Sheridan-Thomas166). Whatever the reason for the existence of the reading problem initially, by “the time a [student] is in the intermediate grades, there is good evidence that he will show continued reading g...
Students who struggle with reading seem to understand better if the book is read-aloud to them. The teachers make the book more interesting which helps the student comprehend the text better. Teachers ask open ended questions during read aloud. This is important because it helps the students understand why we are reading what we are reading. Also, during read alouds the teacher will introduce new vocabulary or new strategies to help with understanding reading. Modeling by the teacher is the most important piece of read alouds. Students understand more of how a good reader thinks and understand the text the more it is modeled and the only way to be properly modeled is through read alouds.
While I believe every child is a reader, I do not believe every child will be enthralled with reading all the time. All students have the capability to read and enjoy reading, but just like any other hobby, interest will vary from student to student. The students in my classroom will be encouraged in their reading, be provided with choice, taught how books can take you into another world but, my students will not be forced to read. This paper will illustrate my philosophy of reading through the theories I relate to, the way I want to implement reading and writing curriculum, and the methods I will use motivate my students to read and help them become literate.
Unfortunately, that skill is rather ignored in middle school and is expected to be taught in elementary school. When those students do not grasp the concept in elementary and are pushed through to the middle school without the skill, they fall behind their classmates. With the reading skills for vocabulary lacking, these children are usually labeled with ‘learning disabilities’. All too often students read a passage and skip over the words that they do not understand. However, vocabulary skills in reading are essential to not only in the reading classroom, but in all the content area classrooms as well.
Every child deserves a positive, safe, nurturing, and stimulating learning environment where they will grow academically, socially, emotionally, and physically. My role as an educator is to provide my students with this type of environment as well as an education that will help them succeed academically and become life long learners. It is the responsibility of a literacy educator to provide students with this type of environment, but also to provide instruction that will help students become successful readers and writers. There are numerous programs and philosophies about literacy and reading. Through years of experience and research, one begins to develop their own creative approach on teaching these skills. After looking at different programs and seeing the positive and negatives of each, an integrated and balanced approach of literacy seems to be the best way to teach the differing needs of each student.
According to Temple et. Al, there are components for reading. “Reading is the act of getting meaning from a written text.” (Temple & Ogle & Crawford & Freppon, 2005, p.7) There are steps to learn to read; first step is “word recognition.” This activity is that readers recognize letters and words. Next step is “phonemes” which is the smallest sounds in language. Readers who in “phonemic awareness” are able to know how to make sounds with letters. In “comprehension” step, readers are able to understand what they are reading. They can improve reading ability by expanding knowledge of vocabulary. If they can understand words faster than previous time and accurately, they are on “reading fluency” step. The last step, which is “interpretation” or also known as “critical reading”, is a time when they are able to understand author’s thought and mind by reading their words and arguments. National Reading Panel categorized literacy by areas of alphabetic, fluency, comprehension, teacher education and reading instruction, computer technology, and reading instruction. Alphabetic includes
Literacy is an on-going skill that teachers and students alike should commonly study and practice in all grades. Problems faced by teachers, especially teachers in higher grades, are not having the skills to be effective teachers of literacy. To effectively teach literacy across content areas, a teacher would need skills such as knowledge of the reading process and the ability to cultivate the knowledge gained in order to make informed decisions within their classrooms (Clary, Oglan, Styslinger,
Reading and writing is a key part of everyone’s life. There has been some encouraging levels of reading development in primary school assessments. According to the National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy report (2015), 95.5% of students achieve at or above the national minimum standard of reading. It is important to know effective ways to teach reading so children can become active problem solvers to enable them to read for meaning or for fun. Over the years, there has been a big amount of research into the most effective ways to teach reading skills to students. There are some systematically taught key skills and strategies that help achieve these levels of reading. Some of these skills include phonological awareness, phonemic awareness,
My initial thought upon finishing these chapters is that when it comes to reading, early intervention is key. Both chapters six and seven have made me keenly aware of just how advantageous it can be to begin assessing and screening students when they are younger. By implementing assessments as early as Kindergarten, teachers can be made aware of any weaknesses which may be predictors for future difficulties. Having this information early allows for immediate and intensive intervention, if necessary. Also highlighted is the fact that early interventions can be as simple as exposure to printed materials.
Reading is an essential skill that needs to be addressed when dealing with students with disabilities. Reading is a skill that will be used for a student’s entire life. Therefore, it needs to be an important skill that is learned and used proficiently in order for a student to succeed in the real world. There are many techniques that educators can use to help improve a student’s reading comprehension. One of these skills that needs to be directly and explicitly taught is learning how to read fluently for comprehension. “To comprehend texts, the reader must be a fluent decoder and not a laborious, word-by-word reader” (Kameenui, 252). Comprehension can be difficult for students with learning disabilities because they tend to be the students that are reading below grade level. One strategy is to incorporate the student’s background knowledge into a lesson. This may require a bit of work, but it will help the students relate with the information being pres...
Reading comprehension refers to the ability to decipher the meaning of written text. There are three required elements needed for adequate understand of written material: a knowledge of word...