Based on the provided timestamps and descriptions from the video series on redlining, here are five key building blocks that illustrate how racism became structural, according to the source. Jim Crow Era Segregation and New Deal Programs (1930s):. The Roosevelt Administration's New Deal programs were introduced during the Great Depression to provide economic relief. However, these programs, such as the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), implemented practices from the Jim Crow era. This included using racial segregation criteria in housing policies, which institutionalized racial biases at a federal level (2:45, 3:47). Creation of the Redlining System (1930s - 1940s):. Redlining was formally established through the creation of risk assessment maps for metropolitan areas. These …show more content…
Areas with non-white populations, particularly Black communities, were marked in red, hence the term "redlining," indicating high-risk areas where banks were reluctant to provide loans (5:20). Influence of Realtors and Real Estate Practices (1910s - 1940s): a. Realtors played a significant role in perpetuating neighborhood segregation. Historical textbooks and real estate materials promoted racial segregation, advising against selling homes to Black families in predominantly white neighborhoods. This institutional guidance from real estate professionals reinforced discriminatory practices (7:40, 8:04). Legacy of Redlining (Ongoing Impact):. The video highlights the enduring consequences of redlining, including the perpetuation of racial wealth gaps, disparities in property values, and neighborhood conditions. Redlining has contributed to the concentration of poverty and limited economic mobility for Black and minority communities, creating long-lasting structural inequalities in housing and wealth (8:40, 9:57). Linkages between the Evidence and the
The loss of public housing and the expanse of the wealth gap throughout the state of Rhode Island has been a rising issue between the critics and supporters of gentrification, in both urban areas such as Providence and wealthy areas such as the island of Newport, among other examples. With the cities under a monopoly headed by the wealth of each neighborhood, one is left to wonder how such a system is fair to all groups. Relatively speaking, it isn’t, and the only ones who benefit from such a system are white-skinned. With the deterioration of the economic status of Rhode Island, and especially in the city of Providence, more and more educated Caucasians are leaving to seek a more fertile economic environment.
“Gatekeepers and Homeseekers: Institutional Patterns in Racial Steering';, is an informative article that touches upon many of the key points gone over in class. This article deals with the difference in the way blacks and whites were and are treated, past and present, by real estate agents when shopping for a new home. In the study, one can see that blacks were not treated as fairly as white people in the real estate market were. Many times the potential black homebuyers were discouraged from purchasing homes in the same areas that the agent would readily show a white homebuyer. The real estate agent played a very peculiar role in doing this. They were, in essence, the racist gatekeepers of a seemingly non-racist neighborhood. The study further goes into this issue by giving explanations and interpretation of this behavior that is seen all over the United States. From thorough examination of the article, one can come to the conclusion that the author, Diana M. Pearce, is following the “interactionist'; perspective to sociology.
The New York Times Editorial Board, in their article How Segregation Destroys Black Wealth (2015), argues that African Americans have been — and still are — discriminated against when buying property, resulting in the sprawl of poverty stricken, predominantly black neighborhoods. The Editorial Board supports this argument by providing historical evidence and analysis of the issue. They specify that “The Federal Housing Administration, created during the New Deal to promote homeownership, openly supported these racist measures; it forbade lending to black people even as it subsidized white families that moved from the cities to the suburbs. Cut off from
New Deal programs, such as the W.P.A., were supposed to provide work equally, but this was not the case. Jobs in the south were often given to whites over blacks making it nearly impossible for blacks to make a living. One writer criticizes the Works Progress Administration, a large part of the New Deal, and asks, “do the government insist on Jim Crow on the W.P.A. projects?” (McElvaine, 89). The Great Depression impacted everyone but the african-americans had to face poverty and discrimination
In his article, “Race and Housing in the Postwar City: An Explosive History,” Raymond Mohl focuses on suburbanization and racial segregation in post-World War II America. Due to discriminatory practices in the housing market,
Set in an unspecified Italian city and an unidentified year, the Cask of Amontillado is a short story that majorly revolves on revenge. Written by the much-celebrated literary expert Edgar Allan Poe, the short story is centered on the narrator who is hell bent exerting revenge on a friend who caused him great pain.
Housing developments had exclusive restriction signs to prevent both parties from trespassing on their premises. The restriction contributed to a social setback. It prevented both blacks, ethnic groups and the white from getting to learn about each other's ways of life. On the other hand, the restriction and segregation was a way to prevent interracial marriages a crime, causing racial discrimination.
President Roosevelt's New Deal program during the 1930's failed to aid impoverished African-American citizens. The New Deal followed a long, historical chronology of American failures in attempts to ensure economic prosperity and racial equality. During the nearly seventy years after the conclusion of the Civil War, the United States faced a series of economic depressions, unmotivated Congress,' and a series of mediocre presidents. With the exception of Teddy Roosevelt, few presidents were able to enact anti-depression mechanisms and minimize unemployment. The America of the 1920's was a country at its lowest economic and social stature facing a terrible depression and increasing racial turmoil. Author and historian Harvey Wish described the situation as follows:
Squires, G. D., Friedman, S., & Siadat, C. (2001). Housing Segregation in the United States: Does Race Matter? Cambridge, MA.
“Most New Deal programs discriminated against blacks. The National Recovery Administration, for example, not only offered whites the first crack at jobs, but authorized separate and lower pay scales for blacks” (African Americans and the New Deal). There are also many other instances of how African American’s were not included into the New Deal programs. “White landlords could make more money by leaving land untilled than by putting land back into production. As a result, the AAA’s [Agricultural Adjustment Administration] policies forced more than 100,000 blacks off the land in 1933 and 1934” (African Americans and the New Deal). Furthermore, some New Deal programs helped one certain group, but ruined other people’s lives. For instance, the political cartoon ‘DON’T CRUSH THEM’ depicts FDR and a U.S. farmer using the Farm Relief Bill to figuratively crush business men and women, consumers, and taxpayers. This proves that some New Deal programs favored some people more than others. Some may argue that nothing is going to be perfect and the New Deal could not have possibly helped every single person in the United States. However, this does not justify discriminatory acts towards one race or class. In general, discriminating against one group of people is seen as immoral, meaning that the New Deal did not complete its delegation. Therefore, the New Deal was not a
If more research about America’s racist history was conducted, there could be a more accurate understanding of our current society, specifically race relations. It is imperative for a nation to acknowledge and understand it’s past in order to truly progress. America tends to hide its history because of guilt. This guilt leads to the teaching of revised history, which is detrimental to contemporary society because it leaves out crucial events that should have been learning instances. For example, if people do not understand or even know what redlining is or how it affected black people, then they would not understand black people’s current status in America. Redlining is the practice of denying services, either directly or through selectively raising prices, to residents of certain areas based on the racial or ethnic makeups of those areas. Redlining was exercised through financial services such as banking and insurance services. Banks denied black people mortgages because of racism. This impeded the development of black wealth. A person who doesn’t know this history may blame the current economic state of black people on laziness or incompetence, but in reality the systemic oppression of racism is to blame. Research and data could be used to debunk harmful myths associated with black
Goering, John M., ed. Housing Desegregation and Federal Policy. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 1986.
In contrast to popular assumption, discrimination in public housing is becoming more prevalent than ever before. Testing done by the Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston has found that today people of color are discriminated against in nearly half of their efforts to buy, sell, finance, or rent property (“1968-Present Housing Discrimination). The statistics are even worse when considering colored people who have families as the testing found that they are discriminated against approximately two thirds of the time (“1968-Present Housing Discrimination”) In addition to facing great difficulty in property affairs, people of color are less likely to be offered residence in desirable locations. 86 percent of revitalized
From slavery to Jim Crow, the impact of racial discrimination has had a long lasting influence on the lives of African Americans. While inequality is by no means a new concept within the United States, the after effects have continued to have an unmatched impact on the racial disparities in society. Specifically, in the housing market, as residential segregation persists along racial and ethnic lines. Moreover, limiting the resources available to black communities such as homeownership, quality education, and wealth accumulation. Essentially leaving African Americans with an unequal access of resources and greatly affecting their ability to move upward in society due to being segregated in impoverished neighborhoods. Thus, residential segregation plays a significant role in
The problems of race and urban poverty remain pressing challenges which the United States has yet to address. Changes in the global economy, technology, and race relations during the last 30 years have necessitated new and innovative analyses and policy responses. A common thread which weaves throughout many of the studies reviewed here is the dynamics of migration. In When Work Disappears, immigrants provide comparative data with which to highlight the problems of ghetto poverty affecting blacks. In No Shame in My Game, Puerto Rican and Dominican immigrants are part of the changing demographics in Harlem. In Canarsie, the possible migration of blacks into a working/middle-class neighborhood prompts conservative backlash from a traditionally liberal community. In Streetwise, the migration of yuppies as a result of gentrification, and the movement of nearby-ghetto blacks into these urban renewal sites also invoke fear of crime and neighborhood devaluation among the gentrifying community. Not only is migration a common thread, but the persistence of poverty, despite the current economic boom, is the cornerstone of all these works. Poverty, complicated by the dynamics of race in America, call for universalistic policy strategies, some of which are articulated in Poor Support and The War Against the Poor.