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Migration and its effect
Economic factors concerted for migration
Causes of migration
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There are many people that emigrate from and immigrate in Athens. All of them have different reasons, push and pull factors, some of that I will explain in my essay.
1. Religion
First factor of migration in Athens is religion. Very loyal and friendly attitude of the Greeks to the citizens of other nationalities and foreigners who came partly is in cause of the traditional Christian upbringing. The main religion, venerated in Greece, represented by the Eastern Orthodox Church of Christ, controlled by the Holy Synod. Here basically are very religious people that observe all Christian traditions and commandments. However, it is not forbidden to practice Islam or any other religion in the country. So, this factor can be pull for religious people, but also, it can be push for atheists.
2. Strikes
One of the main push factors is increasing amount of strikes caused by crisis in Athens. In December 2008, in Athens, riots broke out that quickly embraced and shook the whole of Europe . The reason was long growing discontent economic situation and the global economic crisis. Since spring 2010, there are almost continuous national strikes , riots and terrorist attacks in Greece.
"There is a serious struggle in Greece for three years. We have the largest number of national strikes in Europe. There are strikes at individual plants, factories, private and public sectors. " - General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece Aleka Papariga, January 30, 2012
3. Environment
The territory of Greece is characterized by a low level of environmental hazard. Adverse environmental condition is only in metropolitan areas of Athens and Thessaloniki, where live about three million people, or 26% of the total population. IN-TEXT CITATION The most pressing environmental problems in these areas are high level of air pollution emissions of CO2, SOx compounds and NOx, also, the insufficient degree of wastewater discharged into surface water streams and ponds. Saronic Gulf, the entire northern and eastern coasts, which occupy Athens and Piraeus, is one of the most polluted. To reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide use of crude oil for central heating have been banned and have taken steps to reduce the sulfur content in diesel fuel and crude oil. Also, the construction of 2 and 3 of the Athens metro branches helped to solve the problem. Therefore, since the beginning of the 2000s, the problem of smog successfully permitted and the level of carbon dioxide and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen stabilized at an acceptable level.
This essay will discuss the issue of migration. Migration is movement by humans from one place to another. There are two types of migration, it is immigration and emigration. Immigration is movement by people into the country and emigration is movement by humans, who want two leave countries voluntary or involuntary. Economic, religious, education social and problems are reasons of migration. Mankind often migrates to modern, rich, multicultural countries, towns with high economy and good standard of living such as Prague, Germany, London, Los-Angeles, New York and shanghai. I would like to draw on the city Shanghai.
This strike was a battle over several issues. One factor that escalated the strike intensity was the pensions battle. Billons of dollars in pensions were on the line. The Teamste...
In their first attempt to get noticed, workers formed the National Labor Union in 1866. This union joined together various workers in order to create a group that would fight for what they wanted: higher wages and shorter workdays. As the years went by, the National Labor Union did their best in trying to achieve their goals, all while other groups took the matters into their own hands. In 1877, in what became known as the Great Railroad Strike, railroad workers from across America took part in a spontaneous strike on America’s railroads, an attempt that led to violence and, to their dismay, no changes to working conditions. In response to the strike, The New York Times published an article that stated “But if the strike on the Baltimore and Ohio Road is a foolish one, its history up to the present time shows that those who are engaged in it are not only bold and determined, but that they have the sympathy of a large part of the community in which they live…” (Document B). The editorial states that even if it wasn’t worth it, the Great Railroad Strike showed that there is something amiss in their daily lives, and whatever it is, they are trying to fix it for t...
I think, Sparta would be the best place to live in to fill my needs, if I lived in Ancient Greece. The three reasons that I think this is I could be a leader of an army, I am wealthy so I would have a fair amount of power over the city, and I would rather live in a country that fairly treats women and lets women do what men can do. I think all these reasons are important to support why I would rather live in Sparta if I was part of Ancient Greece.
The second period is from 1821 to 1890. This took place after the Greek war of independence from Turkey. At this period the Greeks reside mostly at New Orleans, Louisiana. There it was a scattered immigration at this time. The period of systematic immigration was from 1891-1921,and from this period and later, they spread in big numbers almost everywhere in the United States. Up to this point the vast majority of Greek immigrants were men who left their families in Greece and came to the United States seeking their fortune. These immigrants did not expect to stay in America. They came with the idea to earn a bit of money and return home. But unfortunately as the Greeks adjusted to life in the United States and the situation in Greece got worse, they realize that repatriation was a dream and that making a home for his family in the United States was more worthy it. This is the period, which is called `From Hellenism to Americanization' and it's from 1920s-1940s.
As the mainland Greece grew, resources became scarce and competition increased (Acrobatiq,2014.) This caused the Greeks to resettle in the coastal areas of the
Factories were known for their ill treatment of their employees, long hours and dirty and unsafe conditions. In 1866, unions started to form to improve working conditions for the workers. A fundamental problem faced by democratic societies is as long as people live their lives individually and go their separate ways and be selfish individuals, they are unlikely to meet collectively to resolve issues. There needs to be meaningful unity among people to alleviate this problem to get people obliged to one another, so there is a willingness to sacrifice for shared goals. Bonding of its citizens creates a democracy. Unions seemed to offer the middle class a chance to become a crucial part of fostering institutions of constitutional democracy. The unions have went through several transitions, but have always worked for the working force. I will discuss the history of the various unions, their wins and losses, and the struggle of the employee to achieve democracy in the workplace.
In addition to these street demonstrations, there were massive waves of workers’ strikes in the mines and steel mills. At first, the government tried to threaten the protesters; the Committee of National Defense announced preparations for a national state of emergency. By the determination of the workers the Communist reali...
Sparta and Athens - Explain and Contrast Both Sparta and Athens were Greek city-states. Sparta was a strict military ruled city-state where the people established themselves as a military power early. However Athens was more of a political city-state that was more involved with their economical stature than their military forces. Still changes from the Persian wars would change the powers of the city-state and somewhat unite them.
Teachers’ strikes seems to occur whenever satisfactions were not met in the contract. Whether it happened in recent times or many years ago,
The concept diaspora was derived from Greek and means the migration, movement, or scattering of people from their homeland that share the some links or common cultural elements to a home whether real or imagined. The reason why the term ‘diaspora’ is important to understand and is useful because it refers not only because its linked and refers to globalization, linking and connecting place, social consequences of migration, but also, to a form of consciousness and an awareness of home at a more personal level. The feelings, relationships and identities that is often very deeply meaningful to migrants. (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 153 -
Athens and Sparta were both city-states in Classical Greece. While Athens embraced democracy, Sparta was a dictatorial fierce warrior state. Sparta was a militaristic community, Athens was a freethinking, and commerce minded city-state. Modern societies have modeled their government organizational structure and military discipline practices from lessons learned of these ancient city-states. There is much is to be praised regarding Classical Greece for their courage, their progressive thinking and the birth of democracy. However, I think it is important to remember that in both cases, Athens and Sparta were able to sustain their lifestyle on the backs of countless slaves, non-citizens and women and that there is a darker and less romantic side to the past.
Throughout time people have been immigrating for reasons afar. In search of what or why I might ask brings upon many controversial issues. How a person chooses to immigrate is totally dependent upon what kind of opportunities are at hand. There are a very few immigrants who immigrate to places where connections are absent.
In 1911, 51% of the Ottoman Europe (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) population was Muslim but with emigrations, it downed to minorities of Muslims in some territories (McCarthy, 1995). Most of these immigrations were forced immigrations. If person immigrate, because she does not have the minimum basic needs in domicile that called forced immigration (Ýpek, 2000). Forced immigrations are not only the problem of present days but with twentieth century, forced immigration becomes a legal issue. Forced immigrations have an objective that to un-mix the population of the selected territories or to homogenise the territories (Barutciski, 2004). Homogenous communities are easier than mixed ones to be controlled and homogenous communities are less likely to have intercommunity conflicts. Thus forced immigrations are the reason of consolidating political power. “Büyük Mübadele” or 1923 exchange of Greek and Turkish populations was not the first attempt to formalise the population exchange but it is one of the earliest and most controversial international treaties on this subject (Barutciski, 2004) and the first internationally ratified compulsory population exchange. With the convention concerning the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations at Lausanne, after 1st May 1923 Muslims in Greek territories and Greek Orthodox in Turkish territories were compulsorily exchanged except Muslims in Western Trace and Greeks in Istanbul. 1.5 million Greek and Turk were forced to leave their homelands. There is a difference between Greek movement and Turkish movement; Greeks mostly emigrate with retreating Greek army as a result of Greek rout in 1922 and without waiting permission, but most of the Turks emigrate after the convention. More than 1 million Greek escaped from Turkey before convention of population exchange (Arý, 1995). According to official record of the Mixed Commission only 189.916 Greek were transferred to Greece after 1923 convention but 354.647 Turks transferred in this period (Hirshchot, 2004). There were not many Turks who immigrate in 1922 because, for Turkish immigrants the 1923 exchange is the only way to escape from Greek oppression in that period. The term “refugee” is not suitable for these groups as defined in international laws because they were immediately granted full citizenship. The term that is used in Turkish is “Muhacir” to refer to people who forcibly leave their homeland and enter the Ottoman Empire and Turkey and specifically the word “Mübadil” is referring to the 1923 exchange (Hirshchot, 2004).
A society is shaped and reshaped by the movement of people, thus, making it more diverse and complex. This exchange of people, knowledge and culture is what makes migration an important source of change: socially, demographically and economically [1]. Moreover, the movement of individuals within smaller units inside a country, i.e., internal migration assumes special importance as it is related to a process of change occurring within the social system [2]. Therefore internal migration is emphasised to be a significant indicator of the development of a nation [3].