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American civil rights movement
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Harada possessed property before acquiring property from Gunnerson, “suggesting this method of purchasing property processed easily.” His neighbors noticed the purchase and attempted to dispose of his Japanese family by offering an exceptional amount of profit. The People of the State of California versus Jukichi Harada favored Harada, indicating his right to own and purchase property “in good faith, with the funds of the children, and not as a circumvention of the Alien Land Law.” Americans in California responded negatively insisting Harada violated the Alien Land Law, which eventually reached the press throughout the state and the eastern regions of the United States. Additionally, Oyama versus California guaranteed “equal access to property regardless of race” in 1948. This case supported the impact and the defeat of the California Alien Land Laws several years after the decision. Americans sensed their racial superiority over the Asian community and attempted to subdue their chances of employment. In addition to legal cases, Japanese and Filipino Americans relied on strikes on the account of reduced income and racial discrimination. Asian communities, during the early twentieth century, are generally farm laborers. Japanese and Filipino laborers received less income for their work. The Japanese “launched a major strike in 1909 to protest living and working conditions as well as wage inequalities.” Americans responded by defeating their protest with violence and arrested Japanese Americans for organizing the demonstration. The plantation industry refused to listen to their protest for racial equality within the workplace. Along with organizing demonstrations, Japanese and Filipino Americans established the Japanese Federat... ... middle of paper ... ...n Lemon Street: Japanese Pioneers and The American Dream. Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2012. Salyer, Lucy. "Chew Heong v. United States: Chinese Exclusion and the Federal Courts." Federal Trials and Great Debates in United States History (2006): 1-77. Schrijvers, Peter. Bloody Pacific: American Soldiers at War with Japan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Sledge, Eugene B. With The Old Breed. New York: Presidio Press, 1981. Starr, Kevin. Embattled Dreams: California in War and Peace, 1940-1950. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Villazor, Rose Cuison. "Rediscovering Oyama v. California: At the Intersection of Property, Race, and Citizenship." Washington University Law Review 87 (2010): 979-1042. Weingartner, James J. "Trophies of War: U.S. Troops and the Mutilation of Japanese War Dead, 1941-1945." Pacific Historical Review 61 (1992): 53-67.
Hall, Kermit L, eds. The Oxford guide to United States Supreme Court decisions New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Gailey, Harry. The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay. Novato: Presidio, 1995.
Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi. “Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman and the Surrender of Japan.” Taking Sides: Clashing View in United States History. Ed. Larry Madaras & James SoRelle. 15th ed. New York, NY. 2012. 289-298.
Jeffries, John. Wartime America: The World War II Home Front. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996. Print. American Way.
Blair Jr., Clay (1975). Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. p. 1072.
Japanese immigration created the same apprehension and intolerance in the mind of the Americans as was in the case of Chinese migration to the U.S at the turn of the 19th century. They developed a fear of being overwhelmed by a people having distinct ethnicity, skin color and language that made them “inassimilable.” Hence they wanted the government to restrict Asian migration. Japan’s military victories over Russia and China reinforced this feeling that the Western world was facing what came to be known as “yellow peril”. This was reflected in the media, movies and in literature and journalism.4 Anti-Oriental public opinion gave way to several declarations and laws to restrict Japanese prosperity on American land. Despite the prejudice and ineligibility to obtain citizenship the ...
-Despite the already severe legal and social restrictions on Asian immigration, some European Americans felt that immigration should be forbidden altogether with a specific Asian Exclusion Act. In arguments which seem familiar to modern followers of the immigration debate, Asians were accused of taking white jobs and causing social
The United States is a racialized society, with racism deeply embedded into its history. The most renowned display of racism in the United States is the enslavement of Africans by white people. This is one of the many instances that highlights the government’s implementation of institutional racism, which has been experienced by people of many different races. In this documentary, American citizenship, the Federal Housing Administration, and real estate appear to be the focal portrayals of institutional racism. For hundreds of years, being white was essential to gaining American citizenship. In 1922, Ozawa, a Japanese businessman attempted to gain citizenship. However, the Supreme Court denied his request, stating that he was scientifically classified as Mongolian, not white. Three months later, a South Asian man, Thind, proved to the Court that he was white because he was scientifically classified as Caucasian, and therefore
A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. Shades of Freedom: Racial Politics and Presumptions of the American Legal Process Race and the American Legal Process, Volume II . New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Kwong, Peter. 1999 “Forbidden Workers: Illegal Chinese Immigrants and American Labor” Publisher: The New Press.
Throughout their history in America, Asian immigrants have struggled in many different ways to encourage this country to accept and respect the diversity of its citizens. Through efforts in labor strikes and military aid such as that in World War II, the American society has gradually moved to accept racial minorities. Asian today have much more freedom than when they first began traveling across the Pacific. However, many still find that they are unjustly viewed by society and treated as “strangers from a different shore” (474).
This discrimination initially began with the Naturalization Act of 1790, allowing free white-men of “good character” naturalization while excluding Native Americans, indentured servants, free Blacks, and Asians. In addition to extreme acts, the Chinese Exclusion Act, signed in 1882, had prohibited the Chinese from entering our country. Another example of the racism Asian-Americans faced occurred during World War II due to the war’s propaganda and the slurs that came about as a result of the war. The historical background of Asian-Americans and racism not only left scarring tendencies, but managed to transcend into modern society within a lower degree.
In this week's reading of "Asian American Dreams," I was glad Zia included stories of other Asian ethnicities and their struggles trying to assimilate or survive in America. One story that impacted me the most were the successes of three, not just one, pro bono legal teams that overturned wartime convictions for of three Japanese Americans (p. 50).
... 1945-1950.” The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 49, No. 1. (1980): 51-76. www.jstor.org (accessed March 23, 2008).
The purpose of this essay is to talk about how Japanese American are a minority group in the United States that has received unequal treatment for my Cultural Diversity class. To achieve this, I read Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study, used the National University Library to search for information about Japanese experiences from 1900-2015. Japanese Americans faced prejudice, discrimination, and segregation from 1900 to 1960’s. I explain how Japanese Americans fit into the five essential properties of a minority group. These are physical and cultural characteristics, unequal treatment, endogamous, subordinate status, and involuntary membership in a minority group.