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In the book ”Queer Aztlan: The Re-formation of Chicano Tribe” written by Cherrie Moraga, she mentioned the Mexican border. The American army captures the Mexican capital in 1847, and the Mexican border was created in 1848 in order to let the Mexicans away their homeland which is lost at Mexican-American War. Moraga thinks there is a border between male and female, the male using the female but don’t give them help. Moraga also mentioned, “In a queer Aztlan, there would be no freaks, no others to point one’s finger at” (Moraga 235). This was talk about the fictional border.
In the book ”Naturalizing Mexican Immigrants: A Texas History”, Menchaca mentioned that “The making of the U.S.-Mexico border began with international disputes over where
Texas territory began and ended” (Menchaca 16). The border is a country construction to differentiates different country. This border is a real barrier. In the book “Recovering History, Constructing Race” was also written by Martha Menchaca, she talks about the border in a different way. She mentioned that border is fictional. This fictional border was between the races and “solely benefitted white people”. Because of this fictional border, Chicano was classified as the lower class people with no privileged. This border redefined the relation between humans. This was a reason that why Chicano movement occurred because the Chicano want to fight the oppression. They don’t want other people to define them, they want to know who they are by themselves. Through our reading, the border was represented in two ways which are real and fictional. In both cases, the border was build because they want to differentiate a group, people. All these three representations help us to define the Chicano identity and category. And then, those people are against with their civil rights. The Chicano movement was to break down the real and fictional borders to get them more chances.
Introduction to Chicano Studies or Chicano Studies 1A is an introductory course at UC Santa Barbara on the historical development of Chicano people that covers topics ranging from the Aztec Society to the contemporary Latino Generation. The class includes a lecture, with 500 students, and is taught by Professor Mario T. Garcia. It is held on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2:00 to 3:15 PM in Isla Vista Theater 1. There is also a mandatory section which is taught by a teacher’s assistant. The section is 50 minutes long, and in my case led by Sarah Latanyshyn on Friday afternoons in Girvetz Hall.
Traditionally history of the Americas and American population has been taught in a direction heading west from Europe to the California frontier. In Recovering History, Constructing Race, Martha Mencahca locates the origins of the history of the Americas in a floral pattern where migration from Asia, Europe, and Africa both voluntary and forced converge magnetically in Mexico then spreads out again to the north and northeast. By creating this patters she complicates the idea of race, history, and nationality. The term Mexican, which today refers to a specific nationality in Central America, is instead used as a shared historic and cultural identity of a people who spread from Mexico across the southwest United States. To create this shared identity Menchaca carefully constructs the Mexican race from prehistoric records to current battles for Civil Rights. What emerges is a story in which Anglo-Americans become the illegal immigrants crossing the border into Texas and mestizo Mexicans can earn an upgrade in class distinction through heroic military acts. In short what emerges is a sometimes upside down always creative reinvention of history and the creation of the Mexican "race (?)".
What exactly does Aztlan mean? There are various definitions, such as the ancestral homeland of the Aztec people and their descendants or everyone’s individual Aztlan which is ones’ personal sanctuary. A place one creates in their own image consisting of features that show what kind of person they are, while at the same time still recognizing their ethnic culture. We all have this place though not everyone’s is the same. Your hobbies, interests, the way you dress all make up this special place. Without it, we would be metaphorically lost. For example, in the essay “Refiguring Aztlan”, it says, “Through Aztlan we come to better understand psychological time, regional make up, and evolution. Without any one of these ingredients, we would be contempo-rary displaced nomads, suffering the diaspora in our own land, and at the mercy of other social forces. Aztlan allows us to come full circle with our communal background as well as maintain ourselves as
In President James Polk’s War Message to Congress, he states that the Congress of Texas had declared the Rio Grande to be the official boundary between Mexico and Texas. James Polk said, “Sixty-three men and officers, were. dispatched from the American camp up the Rio del Norte, on its [North] bank, to ascertain whether the Mexican troops had crossed, or were preparing to cross, the river. [They] became engaged with a large body of these [Mexican] troops, and, after a short affair, in which some sixteen [Americans] were killed and wounded, appear to have been surrounded and compelled to surrender.” The invasion was almost like a ticket to declare war against Mexico for James Polk.
On page 277, what does the author say about gender issues within the Chicano Movement? Notably, on page 277 Vigil states that “When Chicanas began to raise the issue of gender inequities, some movement activists responded by arguing that feminist concerns diverted attention from the ‘real’ issues of racism and class exploitation.” Furthermore, I believe that racism and class exploitation are equally as important in acknowledgment as is feminism exploitation because women in the media are constantly being exploited for their sexuality. Further, Vigil also states “Chicano intellectuals ‘interpreted the condition of Mexican men and women to be synonymous; gender was irrelevant in determining life experience and power’” (277). In all honesty,
In the years following the Spanish conquests, the southwest region of the United States developed into Spanish colonial territory. Indians, Spaniards, and blacks occupied this territory in which the shortage of Spanish women led to the miscegenation of these cultures. The result of mixing these races was a homogenization of the people of various cultures that came to be called mestizos and mulattos who, like present day Mexican Americans, inherited two distinct cultures that would make their culture rich, yet somewhat confusi...
...l Narcotraficante: Narcocorridos & The Construction of a Cultural Persona on the U.S.-Mexican Border. Austin: University of Texas Press.
In 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed and borders were designated between Texas and Mexico, border between California and Mexico was established and the territories of California and New Mexico was bought for 15 million along with any cancellation of debts owed to the United States. Those Mexicans that lived in these territories could become U.S. citizens or return to
The normalization of being a heterosexual presence would classify you as normal and you’d feel accepted by many different groups and communities by default. Certainly no one would deny that being true. What seems to be the issue is why is being heterosexual is the only type of normality society seems to accept. While reading Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderlands/ La Frontera, the author brought up her personal struggles with her sexuality within her culture and with society. As well as other difficulties when being a female and being lesbian (Anzaldúa and Saldívar-Hull, 41). The scope of this essay should cover the many different borders we face as humans when it comes to where we draw the line on sexuality.
Weber, David J. Foreigners in Their Native Land: The Historical Roots of Mexican Americans. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1973.
However, during the Mexican-American War the conquest of the Mexican lands that are now the southwest part of the U.S. was a trophy. The victory of the U.S armed forces allowed them to push down the border 100 miles that is now near El Rio Grande. The borderline is a constant reminder of the Mexicans loses in the war and of the land they lost Gloria describes the border as an open wound “herrida abierta.” Gradually Mexican citizens were driven of their lands back to the core of Mexico that is called Mexico City because of the invasion. Through the invasion white superiorities converted foreigners from natives. In addition to the Mexican American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed and executed and left 100,000 Mexicans with land but the land was hoodwinked from its owners therefore the treaty was not honored by the U.S. The fact that they didn’t honor a treaty they signed on is dishonest and devious of the United States there was definite white superiority behind that deception. The U.S believed that since they already have most of the land
Martinez, Oscar. Border People: Life and Society in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1994), 232.
The eternal endeavor of obtaining a realistic sense of selfhood is depicted for all struggling women of color in Gloria Anzaldua’s “Borderlands/La Frontera” (1987). Anzaldua illustrates the oppressing realities of her world – one that sets limitations for the minority. Albeit the obvious restraints against the white majority (the physical borderland between the U.S. and Mexico), there is a constant and overwhelming emotional battle against the psychological “borderlands” instilled in Anzaldua as she desperately seeks recognition as an openly queer Mestiza woman. With being a Mestiza comes a lot of cultural stereotypes that more than often try to define ones’ role in the world – especially if you are those whom have privilege above the “others”.
[In 1836, Texas had declared its independence from Mexico and was later annexed to the U.S. in 1845 which strained the relationship between the two countries. The disagreement over Texas was which river would be the border. The United States said that the Rio Grande River should be the border while Mexico said the Nueces River was the border. The war had began in 1846 after 16 Americans were killed North of the Rio Grande River because the Mexican government said they had cross the border , while President Polk believed they (Mexicans) fired upon Americans on the “Texas Side. The war between Mexico and the United States lasted 2 years and ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.]
Mexico and the US went to war because their were no communications on where the borders location truly was. “US historians refer to this event as “The Mexican War”, while in Mexico we prefer to use the term “The American Invasion”.”(Velasco-Marquez 327). No one spoke before they went to war which could have resolved the problems before hand. Speaking beforehand could have also saved many lives and prevented the loss and confusion. “The idea was… that this extensive province ought to become a part of the United States…”(Sumner 329). Both sides have their excuse, Mexico and America, but Texas’s point of view is never reviewed and; if the countries spoke, they could have made a better plan other than fighting. The war was caused because no one spoke up and shared their perspective which led to many