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Compare qualitative and quantitative research
Questionnaire data collection and analysis
Compare qualitative and quantitative research
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Researchers use applied research for the purpose of finding solution for applied problems by using experiential methods. Applied research focuses on the implementation of technology. Therefore, this method will be appropriate for the determination the advantage of EMR in healthcare environment.
B5b. Measurement methods
In their book, Oach and Watter state that there are two types of measurements: quantitative and qualitative research. In quantitative research, information can be calculated and expressed in numerical results. Quantifiable data in quantitative research is used to develop facts and patterns. Qualitative research explains the non-numerical study. Researchers use qualitative research to gain understanding of causes, perspectives, and motivations. Qualitative research is also used to develop hypothesis for quantitative research. The data collection in qualitative research is less structured than in quantitative research (Oach & Watter, 2016, p. 548).
Therefore, quantitative measurement is suitable for research of implementation of EMR. The results of research need to show actual statistical benefit from using EMR in number, such as in the article written by Donna Manca, the results of the 2014 National Physician Survey showed that 65% of responded providers stated that there were improvements in patients’ care
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Questionnaire is one of the techniques that researchers can use, which is usually designed for statistical surveys. Questionnaire consists of a set of related questions that is used for the purpose of gathering information from participants. Using questionnaire, researchers can construct questions related to EMR implementation, such as providers’ participations, simplicity or difficulty in using EMR, increase or decrease in patients’ health outcome and satisfaction, and clinical staffs’ reaction toward EMR usage (Oach & Watter, 2016, p.
To be considered meaningful users of the EMR, the qualified applicant must use clinical content that is consistent and standardized across systems and healthcare settings, use decision support tools such as alerts and reminders, have the ability to collect and store raw data from documentation that can be used for reporting purposes, collect and report data to the state. Reporting of data will help to improve public health and awareness and provide sharing of information between systems (Tripathi,
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007).
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
Focusing on surveys and questionnaires, and quantitative research methods, it varies on the person getting questioned as to which method they prefer. Some individuals may prefer to fill in a questionnaire, as it is quick and simple for them, whereas someone else would rather have a face-to-face interview because they may find questionnaires to complicated. Giving people the choice gives the more chance of getting a response overall. It is important that the researchers are aware of the advantages and disadvantages because they will then be aware of what method to use, and will know what method is best to use. It is also an advantage to work with experienced researchers in order to find out the best results.
The weaknesses of the studies were based on the observation technique that most of them used, leading to possible observer bias or the Hawthorne effect, as noted in the Australian ED study by Walter, et.al. Their strengths were on the intensive number of hours dedicated to the observations and the temporal factors that they considered in their data analysis. The most important strengths of the studies were the recommendations that they made, many of which were practical and detailed for health facilities that are considering EHR adoption or
Quantitative research uses a deductive reasoning also known as top to bottom or (top down approach) starting with a theory, then the hypothesis, followed by observation and finally confirmation , going from the general to the more specific. Quantitative methods use numbers and statistics to show the results of the research exercise and mainly are concerned with mathematics and statistics. In quantitative research there are levels of measurement being firstly nominal which are names of things followed by ordinal sequence of things, interval where the sequence has equal distance between each item, and ratio where there is a true zero (Alston & Bowles, 2003, p. 7-9).
Quantitative research involves the collection and converting of data into numerical form to enable statistical calculations be made and conclusions drawn. It provides a measure of how people think, feel or behave and uses the statistical analysis to determine the results. However, this measurement results in numbers, or data, being collected, which is then analyzed by using quantitative research methods (Byrne, 2007).
Corner, J., 1991, ‘In search of more complete answers to research questions. Quantitative versus qualitative research methods: is there a way forward?’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 718-727.
Survey may be done among small and large population and it is very flexible because survey can be done in many modes such as email survey, phone survey, face-to-face interview and others (Neutens & Rubinson, 2014). Evaluation Research: Evaluation method sets the standard
Qualitative and quantitative research methods take different approaches to gathering and analysing information. Whether it is a qualitative or quantitative study, the research study begins with a question or series of questions. Both use rigorously designed studies to get the most accurate, detailed and complete results. Qualitative studies common methods are interviews, surveys and observation. A qualitative study aims to provide a detailed description of the study results, often using pictures and written descriptions to describe what the research revealed. A qualitative study looks at the big picture, helping researchers to narrow in on points of interest that then can be followed up on in a quantitative study. While a quantitative study has a narrower focus, it attempts to provide a detailed explanation of the study focus, along with this using numbers and statistics. And the results from a quantitative study can reveal bigger questions that call for qualitative study. Or vice versa a qualitative study may reveal at analysis that a more focus and direct approach may be needed. With both methods analysis is a key part of any study whether qualitative or quantitative.
Quantitative studies are primarily numbers based. They deal with large cohort groups as well as analyze large amounts of data. “A quantitative researcher typically tries to measure variables in some way, perhaps by using commonly accepted measures of the physical world (e.g., rulers, thermometers, oscilloscopes) or carefully designed measures of psychological characteristics or behaviors (e.g., tests, questionnaires, rating scales)” (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p. 94).
...ve and quantitative methods to conduct a successful research. But, both qualitative and quantitative research is based on assumptions, and both when carried out accurately provide good research.
On the other hand, quantitative research allows you to test hypothesis derived from theories, associated with the issues being investigated. It is less flexible, as there are standardized procedures and techniques for collecting, organizing and analyzing the data (Kuada, 2012).