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Treatment of sexual offenders updated review
Treatment of sexual offenders updated review
Sexual offender strategies
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Recommended: Treatment of sexual offenders updated review
Deep- Seated Prejudice According to some criminal justice experts, many feel that the laws surrounded around sex offenses come from a place of prejudice against criminals especially sex offenders. This comes from the belief that the harsh penalties that are set on them. One researcher by the name of Joseph Kennedy investigated crimes that are considered monstrous such as sex offenders and concluded that the desire to punish offenders such as sex offenders is a direct result of changes in the United States social and economic structure within the last several decades that had eroded social solidarity that had led to hyper-punitiveness in the United States criminal justice policy practices. Sexually Deviance Another belief is held that cultural norms around sexuality, is insensitive to acts and persons that engage in any acts that are not seen as socially appropriate. Thus, making laws that unfairly stigmatize individuals who sexual expressions or sexual acts that are seen as perverted or dangerous. Post- World War II saw a similar response to deviant sexual behavior, this was linked to the changes of gender roles and the anxiety that it created around it. The conclusion was based that deviant sexual behavior was the culprit and an increase of the family and children principal took precedence. Which in turn, concludes that law was used as a tool for a legal …show more content…
In essences, Punctuated equilibrium is a system that studies and applies to particular situations such when political conflict is expanded beyond the confines of expert-dominated policy subsystems to other policymaking venues. In essence, punctuated equilibrium theory only extends current agenda-setting ideas to deal with both policy stasis and decision-making
This essay will explore reasons why females such as Vanessa George turn to the crime of sex offending. Demonstrating my knowledge and understanding of classical criminological theory, exploring biological theories such as penis envy and more contemporary views such as liberation theory within feminism. The essay will then go on to look at the inequalities female sex offenders face within the criminal justice system in comparison with males, using chivalry theory and evil woman theory to explain this.
In the event that a prisoner (particularly a sex offender) does complete rehabilitation, he carries with him a stigma upon reentering society. People often fear living near a prior drug addict or convicted murderer and the sensational media hype surrounding released felons can ruin a newly released convict’s life before it beings. What with resident notifications, media scare tactics and general concern for safety, a sex offender’s ability to readapt into society is severely hindered (554). This warrants life-skills rehabilitation applied to him useless, as he will be unable to even attempt to make the right decision regarding further crime opportunities.
...aker, J. (2007). Public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 7(1), 1-25.
The vast amount of research has provided several explanations to account for the behavior of the offenders and the low rate in which sexual assault cases initiate criminal proceedings through a variety of theoretical perspectives. These include the classical approaches that focus on the individual who has committed sexual assault and the positivist approaches that aim to explain the social factors that influence the prosecution rates th...
Society is created with both homosexual and heterosexual individuals. Previously when certain laws discriminated against others, such as law for women's rights to vote, these laws were changed. Changing the traditions of the country does not mean that it will lead to the legalization of other extreme issues. Each ...
The acceptance that the court system often treats female offenders differently than male offenders is an accurate statement; however, it comes with many caveats. Generally, the public views women as nurturers, motherly and incapable of harming a child. Research indicates that female sex offenders capable of committing such acts have serious psychiatric and psychological problems. In comparison, research indicates male sex offenders are more callous, more antisocial, and promiscuous, involved in the criminal justice system, and have more victims (Miccio-Fenseca, 2012, slide 7). The consensus is that men commit their acts for sexual pleasure while women commit their acts due to psychiatric and psychological problems. Law enforcement, juries, and judges tend to empathize more when there are additional mitigating factors such as emotional or psychological problems. Due to these mitigating factors, it appears treatment of female sex offenders is more lenient than male if their crimes are similar in nature. Research by Miccio-Fenseca (2012) indicates that in comparison to their male counterparts, “female sex offenders rarely use force or violence far less than often…rarely use threats of violence to silence victims…rarely use threats o...
Due to the previously discussed concept, women are largely discriminated against by the criminal justice system and denied their right to justice. This is specifically true of women who have been involved in prior sexual activities whether with or other than their offender. “Officials deny justice to women who have been engaged in non marital sex” , as well as those who may have been engaged in a ‘flirtatious’ relationship with their offender by directing their attention on the women’s character. If she was involved in any ‘provocative’ behaviour such as dancing near the offender, prior to the incident she is seen to have “violated traditional norms of female prudence or morality” causing the blame to shift making the victim the primary suspect.
Sex offenders have been a serious problem for our legal system at all levels, not to mention those who have been their victims. There are 43,000 inmates in prison for sexual offenses while each year in this country over 510,000 children are sexually assaulted(Oakes 99). The latter statistic, in its context, does not convey the severity of the situation. Each year 510,000 children have their childhood's destroyed, possibly on more than one occasion, and are faced with dealing with the assault for the rest of their lives. Sadly, many of those assaults are perpetrated by people who have already been through the correctional system only to victimize again. Sex offenders, as a class of criminals, are nine times more likely to repeat their crimes(Oakes 99). This presents a
Criminology has treated women's role in crime with a large measure of indifference. The intellectual tradition from which criminology derives its conception of these sexes maintains esteem for men's autonomy, intelligence and force of character while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. Women who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers benefit men and society (Feinman, 1994: 16 as cited by Kelta). Those women who don't, that is are non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or practices, or one who engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women are doubly damned and doubly deviant (Bottoms, 1996: 1 as cited by Kelta). They are seen as 'mad' not 'bad' (Lloyd, 1995: 36 as cited by Kelta). These behaviors frequently lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the very act, are never defined as 'other', but are the norm. As 'men' are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined in reference to men (Lloyd, 1995: xvii as cited by Kelta). In the words of Young (1990), 'sexual difference is on...
From birth, one's sexuality is shaped by society. Cultures institute behaviors that are to be seen as the societal norms, which work to constantly reinforce societal expectations of how genders should act in relation to one another. Although some may argue that one's sexuality is an innate characteristic resulting from genetic makeup, there is a large amount of evidence pointing to its social construction instead. Through the power differences between males and females, established gender roles, and drastic economic shifts, society establishes sexuality and reinforces the behaviors that are expected of its citizens.
... decades ago. This book is one that will allow the reader to view many aspects of sexuality from a social standpoint, and apply it to certain social attitudes in our society today, these attitudes can range from the acceptance of lesbian and gays, and the common sight of sex before marriage and women equality. The new era of sexuality has taken a definite "transformation" as Giddens puts it, and as a society we are living in the world of change in which we must adapt, by accepting our society as a changing society, and not be naive and think all the rules of sexuality from our parents time our still in existence now.
The three most obvious stigmas are: self stigma, family stigma, and social stigma. Self stigmas are where the victims tend to blame themselves for the crime committed against them. These come with deep emotional conditions that have many tragic secondary consequences on the victim 's self esteem and readiness to have regular intimate interactions. The second generally prevailing stigma is the family stigma. Family stigmas are where the family members are regularly contentious and unsympathetic in their attitude towards their victimized relatives. The family “often blames or force(s) the victim to keep silent” (Smith 243). The third type of recurring stigma is the social stigma. Social stigmas are where the reputation of a rape victim is repeatedly admonished and picked apart. This is where the victims are presumed to have warranted or solicited the actions that contributed to the rape. Social stigma is victim blaming and victim shaming. Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that came upon them. The study of victimology seeks to alleviate the perception of victims as responsible. There is a greater tendency to blame victims of rape than victims of robbery in cases where victims and perpetrators know one another. Teen and adult victims often are asked demeaning and dismissive questions regarding their role in being targeted unlike younger victims are seen as the injured party. Many times the rights of the accused are protected more vigorously than those of their
The school of theory for this book focuses on how and why more women are becoming treacherous criminals. If their motives were better understood, perhaps it would provide insight as to how to prevent such heinous acts from happening. The perspectives include how sociological and psychological factors contribute to decision of a woman to commit murder and engage in sexual assaults. Mr. Morris is diverse in the topics he covers involving women and acts of sexual violence and murder. The book includes women who kill and molest their children, teachers who molest their students, and women who commit crimes to impress their
Gender and sexuality can be comprehended through social science. Social science is “the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society” (free dictionary, 2009). The study of social science deals with different aspects of society such as politics, economics, and the social aspects of society. Gender identity is closely interlinked with social science as it is based on an identity of an individual in the society. Sexuality is “the condition of being characterized and distinguished by sex” (free dictionary, 2009). There are different gender identities such as male, female, gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual that exists all around the world. There is inequality in gender identities and dominance of a male regardless of which sexuality they fall under. The males are superior over the females and gays superior over the lesbians, however it different depending on the place and circumstances. This paper will look at the gender roles and stereotypes, social policy, and homosexuality from a modern and a traditional society perspective. The three different areas will be compared by the two different societies to understand how much changes has occurred and whether or not anything has really changed. In general a traditional society is more conservative where as a modern society is fundamentally liberal. This is to say that a traditional society lists certain roles depending on the gender and there are stereotypes that are connected with the genders. One must obey the one that is dominant and make decisions. On the other hand, a modern society is lenient, It accepts the individual’s identity and sexuality. There is no inequality and everyone in the society is to be seen as individuals not a part of a family unit...
I now know that criminology prefer to highlight the correlations between crimes’ social climates and criminals’ psychological states of mind. While some argues that criminal behavior is a result of individuals’ association with criminal peers, other claims that crime is a reflection of an individual’s genetic disadvantages. I have come to learn that there are no universally agreed formulas on decoding crimes and criminal behaviors. What we have, however, is a manual full of academic opinions and subjective views that have emerged alongside of the development of criminology. At the same time, the volume of conflicting perspectives that I have stumble upon in studying criminology reminded me again that the success of our current assessment models has yet to be determined. Thus, the study of criminology is an appropriate practice that will further prepare me to conduct meaningful research on legal studies and to provide accurate and in-depth findings in the near