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Reviewed literature about the effects of stigma around mental illness people
Psychology p 1
Reviewed literature about the effects of stigma around mental illness people
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Stigma interferers in the treatment of mental illness by creating negative stereotypes that remove social opportunities and damage the self-esteem of the individual. By facilitating these negative outcomes, stigma effectively incentivises the avoidance or discontinuation of psychological treatment through mechanisms such as labelling theory. Stigma is a concept that encompasses a wide range of human interaction and as such is difficult to conceptualize. Corrigan and Wassell (2008) define stigma as existing in two main categories: Public and Self. Public stigma is defined as the actions of the public towards individuals with a mental illness; whilst self-stigma refers to the internalization of public stigma by individuals and the consequential …show more content…
(Martin, Pescosolido, & Tuch, 2000) conducted a study to document the presence of public stigma and place it within the context of real world interactions. The study utilized data from the 1996 General Social Survey to gauge public attitudes towards people with mental illness. They found that a significant portion of the population were unwilling to have people with a mental illness as neighbours (33%), friends (38%) or co-workers (68%). These statistics show a significant public intolerance of people suffering from mental illness. The paper however, suggests that the want for social distance can be attributed to the perceived dangerousness of the individual; implying the underlying cause of the stigma could be inaccurate stereotypes. Their results along with other findings clearly identify a significant level of public stigma (Albrecht, Walker & Levy, 1982). This loss of opportunities can have a serious impact on quality of life, leading individuals to avoid treatment in an attempt to avoid public stigma (Alvidrez, Snowden & Kaiser, …show more content…
The consequential formation of self-stigma acts as a major barrier to treatment (Abiri, Oakley, Hitchcock & Hall, 2016). A study conducted by Otto F. Whal (1999) explored the experiences of mentally ill individuals regarding stigma and discrimination. The study was composed of two parts: a survey and an interview. The survey asked a series of questions regarding the sources of public stigma and the nature of the discrimination. The results revealed that a substantial portion of the subjects’ report being avoided after revealing their illness (60%), hearing others say offensive things regarding their illness (80%) and viewing media involving their illness that they found hurtful (77%). The second half of the study involved a telephone interview with a select 100 participants of the survey. The interview focused on the impact of the discriminatory experience on their emotional wellbeing. Of the 100 participants: 95 felt a lasting impact, 57 had lowered self-esteem and 39 became less likely to disclose their illness. His findings present a link between the exposure to public stigma and the internalization of the attitudes; making individuals less inclined to disclose their illness and lowering their self-esteem. This harmful internalization is the source of self-stigma, which ultimately impedes on treatment through a variety of
The stigma and negative associations that go with mental illness have been around as long as mental illness itself has been recognized. As society has advanced, little changes have been made to the deep-rooted ideas that go along with psychological disorders. It is clearly seen throughout history that people with mental illness are discriminated against, cast out of society, and deemed “damaged”. They are unable to escape the stigma that goes along with their illness, and are often left to defend themselves in a world that is not accepting of differences in people. Society needs to realize what it is doing, and how it is affecting these people who are affected with mental illness.
Stigma is associating negative qualities with having a mental illness. Someone who is mentally ill may be wrongly viewed or view themselves as being weak or “damaged,” leading to feelings of shame or embarrassment. It is a huge barrier that may prevent people with mental illness and their family from seeking out help. Stigma is overall a specific diagnostic sign of a disease (Webster dictionary). According to the Connecticut Department of Mental Health And Addiction Services, it is stated that many people with either a diagnosed or undiagnosed mental illness don’t want to seek help because they don’t want to be labeled as “mentally ill” or “crazy.” No one should be mistreated because they were born different. Whether physical, behavioral
This stereotype contributes to the stigma individuals’ face and encourages social exclusion and intolerance, especially in schizophrenia (Ray & Brooks Dollar, 2014). Ken sought out help and went to the emergency room because he recognized he was severely depressed. There, the doctor promised he would not be put in restraints, yet when he was taken to the hospital, he was placed in restraints because it was company policy (Steele & Berman, 2001). Due the stigma that individuals with mental illness are violent, Ken was not treated fairly (Stuart & Arboleda-Florez, 2012). Stuart and Arboleda-Florez (2012) are very credible authors to be writing on the effects of stigma in mental health. Both authors have experience in psychiatry, combatting stigma and mental health issues.
Majority of individuals with severe mental health disorder are faced with double challenges. On one hand, they battle with the signs, symptoms, mark and defects associated with the disease. On the other hand, they are faced with stigma, stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice as a result of mental health misconception. Hence, individuals with mental health diseases are deprived quality life opportunities such as good job, stable income, and relationships (Corrigan et al, 2000). There are basically two types of stigma, namely; public and self-stigma. Public stigma as to do with how the general population responds to individuals with mental health illness. While self-stigma is the preconceived notion which mental health patients use against themselves (Corrigan et al, 2000). Evidence show that magnanimous percentage of United State citizens and several European countries all indulge in mental health stigmatization (Phelan et al, 2000; Madianos et 1987). Furthermore, Effective strategies to reduce public stigma are classified in three processes; protest, education and contact (Corrigan & Penn, 1999). Studies show that engaging in mental health education programs led to
Rusch, et al. "Mental Illness Stigma: Concepts, Consequences, And Initiatives To Reduce Stigma." European Psychiatry 20-8 (2005): 529-539. Print.
Stereotypes and stigmas promote a dangerous, single-minded perspective. These incomplete or half-truths are often far more duplicitous than lies, as they are more difficult to detect. When these perspectives remain unchecked, they can result in far-reaching, adverse consequences. It is the individual’s duty to refuse to perpetuate this single story perspective. Due to misinformation presented by the media, the stigma surrounding mental illness has created a discriminatory single story perspective; however, through honest and open dialogue, particularly with those suffering from these diseases, these stereotypes can be abolished.
The discussion of mental health is slowly being brought to the social surface to create a more inclusive society for those dealing with a mental illness. However, those with a mental illness are continuously being affected by stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination by those who simply don’t comprehend the complexity of the human brain (Glaser, G.2017). As more people become mental health activist, they are exposing the plethora of issues surrounding the overall mental and physical stability of those who are negatively affected by the social construct of what it means to be normal.
Throughout her presentation, she explains how public stigmas, once again, cause label avoidance pushing many who need help away from treatment. She then goes on to explain how these stereotyped behaviors cause discrimination towards people with a mental illness from employment to housing which only leads to the creation of more stigmas. Finally, she states how the impact of stigmas is associated with the reduction of self-esteem, overall poor health, and problems with interpersonal relationships (Willits). By using this presentation I am able to connect what we have learned about mental health stigmas to my article. First off, for example, Morris explains how psychiatric units invoke people to imagine a frightening place where insane patients are strapped down and poked and prodded for care (Morris). This stereotypical idea relates to how Willits described general stereotypes associated with mental illness such as crazy and dangerous (Willits). On top of that, Willits explained how these stigmas have negative consequences for patients (Willits). This relates to Morris’s explanation on how the stigma around institutions has caused these units to shut down forcing many people to be homeless or live in jail
Claire Henderson, Sara Evans-Lacko, Clare Flach, Graham, Thornicrofi. "Responses to Mental Health Stigma Questions: "The Importance of Social Desirability and Data Collection Method." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Mar 2012. Vol 57, No3. Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. 01 Apr 2014.
The two different types of stigma have different effects on the attitude towards those with mental health issues. The public stigma can lead to discrimination and prejudice. The prejudice and discrimination that result from the public stigma can prevent those diag...
In the article Issues and Controversies says, "Throughout most of human history, people with mental illness were ostracized, isolated, and persecuted." ( Infobase,1) This belief system can give causation of mental illness in different cultures and such influences in a community will always be in a negative manner. Various societies struggle with the notion of mental health. The standards of every culture believe to be considered normal, natural, or healthy. These views lead to disagreements about the causes, diagnosis, and the treatment of the disorders. Many people with mental problems are discriminated against because of their mental disorder. Mental illness and stigma refers to the view of the person with mental illness as having undesirable traits. Stigma leads to negative behavior, stereotyping, and discriminatory behavior towards the person with mental health issues. This stigma causes the affected person to experience denial or shame of their condition. Perceived stigma can result in the patient being scared to seek help. Stigma can be divided into two perspectives, public and self stigma. Upadhyay says, "Public stigma occurs when the general
Most commonly, people are stated to be “depressed” rather than someone who “has depression”. It is a common perception that mental illnesses are not a priority when it comes to Government spending, just as it is forgotten that most mental health disorders can be treated and lead a normal life if treatment is successful. The effect of this makes a sufferer feel embarrassed and dehumanized. A common perception is that they should be feared or looked down upon for something they have not caused. People experience stigma as a barrier that can affect nearly every aspect of life—limiting opportunities for employment, housing and education, causing the loss of family and friends.... ...
Stigma is socially constructed and displayed through exclusion, blame, or devaluation of an individual or a group of individuals because of a negative social judgment towards these individual(s) (Cockerham 2014). Stigma comes in several forms, whether that be the stigmatization of one’s physical irregularities or mental irregularities. Whereas, Cockerham (2014) defines discrimination as when an individual or group of individuals unfairly and prejudicially behave towards certain forms of human-beings or objects. Discrimination can also take on many forms. People can discriminate against practically anything, but some of the most common forms are discrimination against one’s age, gender, sex, race, physical illness, and, of course, mental illness.
In conclusion, stigma still effects millions of individuals dealing with mental illness, and taking away opportunities for a better life. However, no direct answers have been made on how to diminish mental health stigma. Protest, education, and contact have been research time and again. The research shows that more research is needed in order to change beliefs of the general public and employees. One author suggested that anxiety and stress in working environment is related to the social stigma of mental illness and to change the stigma or perception contact with individuals is needed (Jorm et al. 2009, p. 184).
People with a mental illness are often feared and rejected by society. This occurs because of the stigma of mental illness. The stigma of mental illness causes the perception of individuals with mental illnesses to be viewed as being dangerous and insane. They are viewed and treated in a negative way. They are almost seen as being less of a human. The stigma affects the individual with a mental illness in such a cruel way. The individual cannot even seek help without the fear of being stigmatized by their loved ones or the general public. The stigma even leads to some individuals developing self-stigma. This means having a negative perception of one’s self, such as viewing one’s self as being dangerous. The worst part is that the effects of