2.1.6 Public Policy
The practices of public policy are complex (de Leon & Vogenbeck, 2007; Sabatier, 2007) and are based on a system which comprises of the course of action, legal submissions, regulatory procedures and funding structures. These are related to the specific subjects supported by a government organization or its representatives (Kilpatrick, 2000). Each system is affected by different public problems and issues and hence requires different solutions and variations in public policy (Vargas-Hernandez et al, 2011). Public problems can emerge in various ways and necessitate different policy responses at local, national or international levels (Sharkansky & Hofferbert, 1969). These problems or issues that impact the public policy-making
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2) with regard to the nation (Crines, 2013). Historically, since 1939 after the formation of the Commonwealth Council for National Fitness and the emergence of the National Fitness Act 1941, the government involvement in policy-making and implementation in the Australian sport system became evident prior to the creation of the ASC (Stewart, et al, 2004). This government association with policy-making expanded distinctly in the 1970s with the appointment of Australia’s first Minister who was responsible for sport along with the creation of national institutions to oversee the national sport policies which included the Confederation of Australian Sport (1976) and the Australian Coaching Council (1978). During the same tenure, there were significant reviews in sport including the proposals to establish a centre of sporting excellence, the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) (Adair & Vamplew, 1997; Booth & Tatz, 2000; Cashman, 2010; Houlihan, 2002; Shilbury & Deane, 2001). The development and formation of the AIS indicated a clear government policy to ensure Australia was able to perform successfully on the international sporting stage. This policy emerged in 1976 as the Australia’s substandard showing at the Montreal Olympics (Bloomfield, 2003; Cashman, 2010). Basically, the declaration was conceptualised three years prior to 1976 in an Australian study of sports institutes in Europe with the following conclusion that the Federal Government should establish a national institute of sport (Bloomfield, 1974). The principle component for the creation of the AIS was that it would help to establish athletes and also process through the grass-roots (Daly, 1993). Though there is an affirmation for the causal relationship between participation in
This book also elaborates on the study of rulemaking by giving examples through cases, studies, loads of government documentation and interviews with policy makers. Following the information and chapters is really easy. The book is illustrated with clear tables, charts, and figures. Each chapter is clearly defined and tables/figures are clearly marked after the table of contents.
Morrow, D., Keyes, M., Simpson,W., Cosentino, F., & Lappage, R. (1989). A Concise History of Sport In Canada. Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press.
Over the last several years, it has become undeniable that any kind of sport can, and will, be sensationalized and commercialized by the people from the great companies like “Coca-Cola, Pepsi Cola, and Marlboro” (1667). These companies have hundreds of thousands of dollars budgeted each year to pour into sports in the form of sponsorships, advertising, etc. Once the sponsorships are introduced into a sport, it is exactly the kind of thing that will push an athlete out of competition. An athlete will find himself in a “make-it or break-it” situation. If an athlete receives a sponsorship, then the money is free flowing for equipment, testing, training, etc – anything that the athlete wants or needs to aid in putting him...
The fundamental of policymaking consists of a lengthy time process that goes through many steps in becoming a Bill. The process of policymaking is introduced in the beginning step of the Policy Formulation Phase, as the problem goes through a Legislation it goes into the Policy Implementation Phase, which than forms into a law or vetoed. Many policies do not become a Bill’s, but the certain ones that do they achieve the goal to guide the society with immense decision making and balanced outcomes.
Kraft, M. E., & Furlong, S. R. (2013). Public policy: politics, analysis, and alternatives (4th ed.). Washington DC, CQ Press.
Public policies are developed in response to the existence of a perceived problem or an opportunity. The analysis delves into a public issue or problem and assesses a set of proposed government action for addressing the issue. The job of the analyst is to describe the background and status of an issue and then, using research and analysis, determine a proper government action to resolve the issue. By comparing options and weighing their expected benefits, the analyst should conclude with a recommended course of action or inaction to addressing the issue.
In this assignment I will be talking about the four legislative factors that influence health and safety in sport. On each of the four legislative factors I will be describing them in more details also I will be giving examples for each of them. Here are four legislative factors that I will be talking about:
Kraft, Michael E. Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 4th Edition. N.p.: CQ, 2012. N. pag. Print.
The Current Scale and the Economic Importance of the Sports Industry Over 100 years ago the scale of the sports industry has increased gradually. Not all sports have followed in the same path or footsteps. A slow increasing level of control has been affecting the sports industry since 1960Â’s. Mainly standardisation and commodification of sport. More money has been put into the industry equivalent with the efforts that the sports organisations have put in, to increase their potential at the professional end of the scale, and the voluntary end they remain sustainable.
Governments have placed an increasing focus upon sport since the beginning of the 20th century. States have been attempting to develop the most effective sport system by taking differing views on sport policy objectives and values. This paper will use four factors to determine what makes an effective sport system. Sport systems must benefit the entire population, be open to public and private opinion, have policy goals and clear successes on the international stage. This paper shall compare the sport systems in Canada and China and using the criteria above, will argue that the current sport system in Canada is more effective.
Many problems exists, but for an issue to make it in public policy agenda it has to be a salient issue meaning it has to be an issue that stands out and encountered by a large interest group (Boundless, 2013). An example to this is the ACA, starting 2014 ACA will provide health care coverage to everyone, reduce health costs, and improve quality health. The large interest group in this situation is the millions of Americans.
Sports have been around for thousands of years. The history of sports in United States began back in the 1840s. United States is a very unique country when we look at its sports, just like every country has a different structure of sports so does US. This paper will be taking about the Sports Organizations and Governance, the sports industry, sports organizations, and Structure of sports in the United States. It will also cover the Sport in the United States vs. Other Western Democracies by taking a look at the State Political, historical context, team objectives, and sports organizations. It will also cover the uniqueness of American sport as well as cover the mass participation and give recommendations on how to increase participation and success.
Rabin, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of public administration and public policy: K-Z. United States: CRC press.
1. The purpose of this response is to assert the active role of public managers in policy making. By using their technical, analytical and managerial skills public managers can be effective in the policy process and just in implementation.
Political problems or issues has to do with government or politics. This may include issues related to party politics or a political systems or social, environmental or other issues as determined by the voting